• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 2000

Authors observed an outbreak of bovine coccidiosis at a farm stock in Gyeongnam, Korea, which were diagnosed on the ground of clinical and fecal examination with the following results. Twenty one of thirty four Korean native cattles evacuate feces containing blood and mucus or evacuate entirely of clots of fresh and red blood. On fecal examination showed eimeria zuernii. The patients were recovered with sulfamethazine and amprolium for 5 days. From these results the outbreak was considered to be typical bovine coccidiosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2008

The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics such as isolation rate and antimicrobial drug susceptibility of etiological agents. The specimens (stool or intestine) were collected from 319 calves with clinical diarrhea from 195 farms in Gyeongnam south area (Gosung, Tongyung, Hadong) from June 2005 to August 2006. The isolation rate of Salmonella spp was higher in summer (8.4%) than in winter (4.8%) and the average was 7.2% (23/319 head). Some of Salmonella spp isolated were resistant to penicillin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and cephalexin (>90%), but some of them were susceptible to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amikacin(>30%). There was no statistical difference in the isolation rate of Eimeria spp between summer(48.9%) and winter(42.3%). For the evaluation of infection level of Eimeria spp oocyst per gram of feces (OPG) was examined, and severe, moderate and light infection level were 11.9%, 12.5% and 22.3%, respectively. In the isolation rates of Eimeria spp the calves under 19 days was lowerthan those over 60 days, but there was not different among herd size.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.335-338
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• 1994

The tests on the oocysticidal effects of three formulations (75% o-dichlorobenzene, 7.5% cresol combined with morestan 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, respectively) against immature oocysts of Eimeria tenella, were carried out. A o-dichlorobenzene preparation (72.5% o-dichlorobenzene, 7.5% cresol) on the market was selected and tested as the control. The tests were divided into two ways, the one was evaluated at different dilutions and contact times. The other was performed at different storage days. The test results are summarized as follows. Oocysticidal effects of 100% were revealed at 1 to 3 hours contact time of all morestan combined preparations. On the other hand, the perfect oocysticidal effect was revealed only at 24 hours exposure time of 100 times dilution among dilutes of control preparation. Combined rate of morestan was higher, oocysticidal effect was better. In the latter test, all morestan combined formulations had 100% of oocysticidal effect up to 5 days storage after dilution and 86.4% to 96.7% at two weeks storage after dilution, whereas the oocysticidal effects of the control preparation was gradually decreased by the storage time was passed and there was no effect at 2 weeks storage after dilution. With these results, morestan combined preparations have synergistic effect against oocysts of E tenella and can be used as the most effective oocysticidal disinfectant for broiler industry in future.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.719-724
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• 2016

The present study was designed to assess the dynamic patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6, acute phase protein (${\alpha}1$-acid-glycoprotein, AGP), and an inflammation associated factor (adenosine deaminase; ADA) following experimental caprine coccidiosis. Ten kids aging from 2 to 4 months were infected orally with $5{\times}10^4$ sporulated oocysts and 10 animals served as controls. Blood samples were collected in both groups before infection and at days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 post-infection (PI), and the levels of above-mentioned factors were measured. $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6, AGP, and ADA activities were significantly higher in infected animals from day 7 PI (P<0.05). In conclusion, the circulatory levels of most systemic inflammatory markers, including pro-inflammatory cytokines ($IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6), AGP, and ADA increased significantly starting from day 3 to day 7 PI in caprine coccidiosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.30.1-30.6
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• 2022

In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella, while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2011

The chicken monoclonal antibody (mAb), 13C8, reacts with sporozoite antigens of Eimeria spp. which causes avian coccidiosis. Since this mAb was produced at low amount due to genetic instability of chicken hybridoma, a recombinant 13C8 single-chain Fv (ScFv) antibody was constructed by amplification of the variable domain of heavy (VH) and light chain (VL) genes of antibody derived from chicken hybridoma. The constructed 13C8 ScFv was successfully expressed in E. coli and purified as a soluble form. In ELISA analysis, this recombinant 13C8 ScFv antibody showed antigen binding activity as the original mAb. In addition, nucleotide sequence comparison of 13C8 gene to the germline chicken VL and VH genes suggested that the gene conversion with $V{\lambda}$ and VH pseudogenes might contribute to the diversification of VL and VH genes in chickens.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2012

The efficacy of water soluble formulation of diclazuril (Coccimuel-S 0.5%) was tested against $Eimeria$ spp. infection broiler chickens. The experiment was performed both experimentally infection and in the field test. Coccimuel-S composed with diclazuril induced a marked inhibitory effect on the different stages of $Eimeria$ life cycle in experimentally infected broiler chickens treated with the drug. The tested dosage levels of Coccimuel-S (0.5 ml/L, equivalent to diclazuril 2.5 ppm) in drinking water showed the significant effect compared with the control group in controlling coccidial infection and reducing the total oocyst numbers, lesion and fecal scores ($p$ < 0.001). In addition, testing of Coccimuel-S (0.25 and 0.5 ml/L) in naturally infected poultry farms (1,200 broiler chickens), showed the significant anticoccidial effect compared to control ($p$ < 0.001). In conclusion, addition of Coccimuel-S at the dose of 0.25 and 0.5 ml/L in the drinking water, induced efficacious effect for the treatment of coccidiosis in naturally coccidia infected broiler chickens.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.317-319
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• 2014

The oocyst wall is severed by means of mechanical injury or chemical agents. This study reports the percentage of in vitro sporocyst release following mechanical shaking in the presence of varying sizes of glass beads. Glass beads measured 0.5, 1, and 3 mm in diameter and were shaken with the oocysts for different times ranging from 5 sec to 5 min. Approximately 80% of sporocysts were released with 5 min of shaking in the presence of 3 mm glass beads, as well as 30 sec with 0.5 mm beads and 1 mm glass beads. The release of sporocysts of E. tenella was most efficient using 1 mm glass beads and treatment times of 30 sec to 1 min. Therefore, the use of 1 mm glass beads with 30 sec to 1 min of agitation is recommended in order to maximize sporocyst release and recovery and to improve the yield of viable sporozoites for use in biochemical, tissue culture, and immunological applications of coccidia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.69-71
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• 1999

A case of chronic cholangiohepatitis associated with Eimeria spp. is reported in a 6-month-old, male, native Korean goat. The goat died after having a 1-week history of diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss. At necropsy, numerous multifocal to coalescing, pale and mottled red foci were present throughout the liver. Histologically, numerous coccidian parasites in both sexual and asexual stages were found in the intrahepatic biliary epithelia and bile duct lumens. Based on the light microscopic and ultrastrastructural features, the parasites present in the liver were compatible with the genus Eimeria ; however, the species was not speciated.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.439-449
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• 1998

From September 1997 to August 1998, Korean indigeous goats infected with internal parasites were examined for efficacy of anthelminthics by fecal egg counts. Efficacy of anthelmintic drugs against gastointestinal Haemonchus contortus in goats were effective with Ivermectin(94.9%), Piperazine(92.8%), Levamisole(88.3%), Albendazole(68.2%), respectively. Albendazole was effective against goats with Haemonchus contortus in 3 herds, but not effective in 1 herds. Efficacy of anthelmintic drugs against gastointestinal Paramphistomim sp in goats were effective with Ivermectin(95.3%), Piperazine(93.3%), Albendazole(92.9%), Levamisole(91.1%), respectively. Efficacy of anthelmintic drugs against Eimeria sp in goats were effective with Toltrazuril(92.6%), Diclazuril(90.4% ), Nicarbazin (87.5%), Amprolium(70.0%), respectively. Amprolium was effective against goats with Eimeria sp in 3 herds, but not effective in 1 herds.