• 환경영향평가
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.403-413
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• 2020

최적의 염소 소독 전략을 구축하기 위해 8개의 연립 준선형 편미분방정식으로 구성된 수학적 모형이 제안되었다. 다차원 수치 프로그램을 개발하기 위해 상류 가중 유한요소법을 사용하였다. 프로그램은 세 가지 유형의 반응기에서 측정된 농도에 대해 검증되었다. 16개의 실험 결과에 대해 경계 조건 및 반응 속도를 보정하여 측정된 값을 재생시켰다. 모델링 결과로부터 8개의 반응 속도계수가 추정되었다. 반응 속도계수는 pH 및 온도로 표현되었다. 반응 속도계수를 추정하기 위해 수치 오차의 제곱의 합을 최소화하는 자동 최적 알고리즘의 프로그램을 개발하고 모형에 결합하였다. 최종 사용지에서 염소 및 오염물의 농도를 최소화하기 위해서는 정수장의 염소소독공정으로부터 최종 사용지까지의 수질 변화를 모형에 의해 예측하고 이를 기반으로 유입수 수질에 따라 염소소독공정을 운영하는 실시간 예측 제어 시스템이 필요하다. 본 모형을 이용하여 정수장에 이러한 시스템을 구축할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.611-618
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• 2004

The Neural Network Models which mathematically interpret human thought processes were applied to resolve the uncertainty of model parameters and to increase the model's output for the streamflow forecast model. In order to test and verify the flood discharge forecast model eight flood events observed at Kumho station located on the midstream of Kumho river were chosen. Six events of them were used as test data and two events for verification. In order to make an analysis the Levengerg-Marquart method was used to estimate the best parameter for the Neural Network model. The structure of the model was composed of five types of models by varying the number of hidden layers and the number of nodes of hidden layers. Moreover, a logarithmic-sigmoid varying function was used in first and second hidden layers, and a linear function was used for the output. As a result of applying Neural Networks models for the five models, the N10-6model was considered suitable when there is one hidden layer, and the Nl0-9-5model when there are two hidden layers. In addition, when all the Neural Network models were reviewed, the Nl0-9-5model, which has two hidden layers, gave the most preferable results in an actual hydro-event.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2009

The first diagonal cracking and ultimate shear load of reinforced girder made of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) were investigated in this paper. Eleven girders were tested in which eight girders failed in shear. A simplified formulation for the first diagonal cracking load was proposed. An analytical model to predict the ultimate shear load was formulated based on the two bounds theory. A fiber reinforcing parameter was constituted based on the random assumption of steel fiber uniform distribution. The predicted values were compared with the conventional predictions and the test results. The proposed equation can be used for the first cracking status analysis, while the proposed equations for computing the ultimate shear strength can be used for the ultimate failure status analysis, which can also be utilized for numerical limit analysis of reinforced UHPFRC girder. The established fiber reinforcing theoretical model can also be a reference for micro-mechanics analysis of UHPFRC.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.501-521
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• 2013

This paper is concerned with static and dynamic shape control of a laminated Bernoulli-Euler beam hosting a uniformly distributed array of resistively interconnected piezoelectric patches. We present an analytical one-dimensional model for a laminated piezoelectric beam with material discontinuities within the framework of Bernoulli-Euler and extent the model by a network of resistors which are connected to several piezoelectric patch actuators. The voltage of only one piezoelectric patch is prescribed: we answer the question how to design the interconnected resistive electric network in order to annihilate lateral vibrations of a cantilever. As a practical example, a cantilever with eight patch actuators under the influence of a tip-force is studied. It is found that the deflection at eight arbitrary points along the beam axis may be controlled independently, if the local action of the piezoelectric patches is equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign, to the external load. This is achieved by the proper design of the resistive network and a suitable choice of the input voltage signal. The validity of our method is exact in the static case for a Bernoulli-Euler beam, but it also gives satisfactory results at higher frequencies and for transient excitations. As long as a certain non-dimensional parameter, involving the number of the piezoelectric patches, the sum of the resistances in the electric network and the excitation frequency, is small, the proposed shape control method is approximately fulfilled for dynamic load excitations. We evaluate the feasibility of the proposed shape control method with a more refined model, by comparing the results of our one-dimensional calculations based on the extended Bernoulli-Euler equations to three-dimensional electromechanically coupled finite element results in ANSYS 12.0. The results with the simple Bernoulli-Euler model agree well with the three-dimensional finite element results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2022

The prediction error variances for frequencies are usually considered as unknown in the Bayesian system identification process. However, the error variances for mode shapes are taken as known to reduce the dimension of an identification problem. The present study attempts to explore the effectiveness of Bayesian approach of model parameters updating using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique considering the prediction error variances for both the frequencies and mode shapes. To remove the ergodicity of Markov Chain, the posterior distribution is obtained by Gaussian Random walk over the proposal distribution. The prior distributions of prediction error variances of modal evidences are implemented through inverse gamma distribution to assess the effectiveness of estimation of posterior values of model parameters. The issue of incomplete data that makes the problem ill-conditioned and the associated singularity problem is prudently dealt in by adopting a regularization technique. The proposed approach is demonstrated numerically by considering an eight-storey frame model with both complete and incomplete modal data sets. Further, to study the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a comparative study with regard to accuracy and computational efficacy of the proposed approach is made with the Sequential Monte Carlo approach of model parameter updating.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.193-210
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• 2020

In this research, beside presenting real images of produced Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composites (FG-CNTRCs) and a brief review of the synthesis method of FG-CNTRCs, static and buckling analysis of FG-CNTRC with piezoelectric layers are investigated. It is assumed that the material properties of FG-CNTRC are varied through the thickness direction using four different distributions of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). To capture the size effects, nonlocal elasticity theory proposed by A.C. Eringen is also adopted in our model. One of the topics in our paper is using a higher order theory with eight different displacement fields and comparing their results with each other. To solve the governing equations, an analytical method is used to find the deflections and critical buckling loads of FG-CNTRCs. To show the accuracy of present methodology, our results are compared with the results of simply supported rectangular nano plates available in the literature. In this research, the effects of aspect ratio, piezoelectric layer and nonlocal parameter are also studied. It is hoped that this work leads to more accurate models on FG-CNTRC.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1235-1239
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• 2003

On the base of network frame and protocol system of Ethernet the networked sensing technology based on Ethernet is studied and the design principles of industrial Ethernet measurement of control system is put forward, and the general structure model is built in the paper. An eight-bit economical MCU scheme is proposed, and a general scheme of distributed intelligent networked measuring and control equipment based on TCP/IP is designed too. A compact TCP/IP protocol stack are successfully implemented in eight-bit MCU. With C51 program language, method of modularized programming is applied in soft design. The problem of in-system modifying measuring and control strategy of its system is solved successfully by assigning memory dynamically and saving parameter with EEPROM, and it makes the intelligent networked measurement and control system can explain and analyses control strategy from PC. Experiment result shows that, the research of intelligent networked measurement and control equipment and system base on TCP/IP is successful, with flexible network, convenient usage, and good commonality.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2017

In the present study an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to predict the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete. The data developed experimentally for self-compacting concrete and the data sets of a total of 99 concrete samples were used in this work. ANN's are considered as nonlinear statistical data modeling tools where complex relationships between inputs and outputs are modeled or patterns are found. In the present ANN model, eight input parameters are used to predict the compressive strength of self-compacting of concrete. These include varying amounts of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, fly ash, fiber, water, super plasticizer (SP), viscosity modifying admixture (VMA) while the single output parameter is the compressive strength of concrete. The importance of different input parameters for predicting the strengths at various ages using neural network was discussed in the study. There is a perfect correlation between the experimental and prediction of the compressive strength of SCC based on ANN with very low root mean square errors. Also, the efficiency of ANN model is better compared to the multivariable regression analysis (MRA). Hence it can be concluded that the ANN model has more potential compared to MRA model in developing an optimum mix proportion for predicting the compressive strength of concrete without much loss of material and time.

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.44.4-45
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• 2020

The solar chromosphere can be observed well through strong absorption lines. We infer the physical parameters of chromospheric plasmas from these lines using a multilayer spectral inversion. This is a new technique of spectral inversion. We assume that the atmosphere consists of a finite number of layers. In each layer the absorption profile is constant and the source function is allowed to vary with optical depth. Specifically, we consider a three-layer model of radiative transfer where the lowest layer is identified with the photosphere and the two upper layers are identified with the chromosphere. This three-layer model is fully specified by 13 parameters. Four parameters can be fixed to prescribed values, and one parameter can be determined from the analysis of a satellite photospheric line. The remaining eight parameters are determined from a constrained least-squares fitting. We applied the multilayer spectral inversion to the spectral data of the Hα and the Ca II 854.21 nm lines taken in a quiet region by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) of the Goode Solar Telescope (GST). We find that our model successfully fits most of the observed profiles and produces regular maps of the model parameters. We conclude that our multilayer inversion is useful to infer chromospheric plasma parameters on the Sun.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.131-140
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• 1993

본 연구의 주요 목적은 댐 설계를 위한 유역의 비유사량 추정방법을 개발하는 것으로 유역면적 $200km^2{\sim}2,000km^2$의 중규모 유역을 대상으로 한다. 이를 위하여, 먼저 연구(I)에서는 비유사량 추정방법의 개발방향을 결정하고, 기존 저수지 퇴사자료에서 5점과 하천 유사량 실측 자료에서 8 점 등 총 13 점의 비유사량 자료를 도출하였다. 본 연구(II)에서는 이러한 중규모 유역에서 수집된 유역 비유사량 자료와 유역특성 인자들을 이용하여 3 변수 경험공식과 6 변수 도표식 방법을 개발하였다. 제한된 범위와 비교 분석 결과, 본 연구에서 개발된 방법들은 기존의 방법들보다 모형 개발에 이용된 자료의 범위와 신뢰도 면에서 적용성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 본 연구에서 수집된 비유사량 자료 및 개발된 모형에 의하면, 우리나라에서 중규모 유역의 경우 비유사량의 하한치는 $100tons/km^2/yr$정도이며 상한치는 $1,000tons/km^2/yr$ 정도로 추정된다.