• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 1998

A nondestructive quality inspection technique using acoustic impulse response method was developed for eggshell inspection. An experimental system was built to generate the impact force, to measure the response signal and to analyze the frequency spectrum. This system includes an impulse generating unit, an egg holding seal a microphone with preamplifier, and a DSP board installed on Personal Computer. A simple algorithm .was developed for crack detection. Using the developed system with algorithm, crack detection ability was evaluated and the error rate to estimate the normal egg as cracked was found to be 4% and the error rate to estimate the cracked egg as normal was also found to be 4%. This system could be adopted in industry with some modification.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 1998

The effects of dietary levels and feeding period of Korean hot pepper (Capsicum annum) seed on the performance and egg quality were investigated. Rhode Island Red layers of 84 wk of age were fed the experimental diets containing O.O(Control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% of HPS, respectively, in individual cages during 10 wk of the feeding period. The dietary hot pepper seed significantly(P<0.05) improved hen-day egg production and daily egg rnass, but reduced egg weight(P<0.05). During the 10 wk of the feeding period, the egg production and daily egg mass improved after 6 or 7 wk of feeding 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0% hot pepper seed diets. When the layers were fed the 3.0% HPS diet, it only took 1 wk to improve the egg production and daily egg mass. In addition, the birds fed 3.0% hot pepper seed diet showed relatively constant egg weight while those of the Control increased gradually as the feeding period passed. The dietary hot pepper seed significantly improved the eggshell thickness, and redness and whole color of egg yolk. The results indicate that dietary hot pepper seed( $\geq$2.0%) may improve the egg production and egg shell thickness, and increase the redness of egg yolk in layers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권7호
• /
• pp.994-998
• /
• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of superdosing phytase on productive performance and egg quality in laying hens. Methods: A total of 200 42-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allotted into 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates consisting of 8 hens per replicate. The positive control (PC) and negative control diets (NC) were prepared based on the recommended P levels in layer diets. Supplemental phytase was added to the negative control diet at 10,000 (SD10), 20,000 (SD20), or 30,000 (SD30) fytase units (FTU)/kg. Productive performance was summarized for 6 weeks from 42 weeks to 47 weeks of age. Egg quality was assessed from 4 eggs per replicate randomly collected at the conclusion of the experiment. Results: The SD20 treatment had greater (p<0.05) hen-day egg production than PC, NC, and SD10 treatment groups. There was no difference in hen-day egg production between SD20 and SD30 treatment groups. However, SD30 treatment had greater (p<0.05) hen-day egg production than PC treatment, but showed no difference in hen-day egg production as compared to NC and SD10 treatment groups. However, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary treatments. Egg quality including eggshell strength, eggshell color, egg yolk color, and haugh unit was not influenced by dietary treatments. Conclusion: Superdosing level of 20,000 FTU/kg phytase in diets has a positive effect on egg production rate, but no beneficial effect on egg quality in laying hens.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.667-674
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of germinated and fermented unmarketable soybean (GFS) on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens. A total of two hundred laying hens were divided into 5 groups (5 treatment $\times$ 4 replication $\times$ 10 birds each) and fed with the experimental diets for 8 wk as follows: control, GFS free; T1, GFS 0.15%; T2, GFS 0.3%; T3, GFS 1%; T4, GFS 2%. The laying performance, egg quality, blood profiles, cecal microbial population, isoflavone content in egg yolk were investigated. There were no significant differences laying performance, relative liver and spleen weights, egg yolk color, eggshell color among groups. Eggshell strength in groups fed with diets containing GFS increased, but not significantly. Eggshell thickness significantly increased in the GFS-supplemented group. No significant differences were observed in the blood profiles and intestinal microflora after supplementation. The decrease of Haugh unit during storage was alleviated by feeding of GFS (p<0.05). The concentrations of malondialdehyde in groups fed with GFS were decreased as compared with control (p<0.05). Isoflavones in the egg yolk were detected in group fed with diet containing 2% GFS. These results showed that unmarketable GFS could be used as a favorable feed additive and feedstuff for production of quality enhanced and isoflavone fortified eggs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.840-846
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary corticosterone on egg quality. For 2 weeks hens received either control or experimental diet containing corticosterone at 30 mg/kg diet. Feed intake and egg production were monitored daily, and body weight measured weekly. Egg weights and egg quality were measured daily. Corticosterone treatment resulted in a remarkable increase in feed intake and sharp decrease in egg production compared with control (p<0.05) whereas body weight remained unchanged. Decreased albumen height, but no changes in egg weight, led to decreased Haugh unit (p<0.05). Corticosterone caused elevated eggshell thickness (p<0.05) without altering weight and strength, suggesting possible changes in shell structure. Yolk color and redness were increased by corticosterone (p<0.05) but lightness and yellowness were either not changed or inconsistent over the time period of measurements. Increased concentrations in plasma were also found for corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, and amylase (p<0.05), suggesting that corticosterone increased protein breakdown, renal dysfunctions and pancreatitis. Together, the current results imply that dietary corticosterone affects egg quality such as yolk colors and shell thickness, in addition to its effects on feed intake and egg production.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2009

본 시험은 양질의 미국산 DDGS를 산란계 사료에 첨가하여 산란계의 생산성, 계란의 품질 및 난황 지질의 총지방 함량과 지방산 조성에 미치는 영양적 가치를 평가하고자 하였다. 또한, 가파르게 상승하고 있는 옥수수와 대두박을 대체할 원료 사료로써의 DDGS의 경제성을 검토하기 위해 실시하였다. 23주령의 Hy-line Brown 계통의 산란계 216수에 DDGS를 각각 0%, 10%, 20%를 첨가한 3가지의 동에너지 (TMEn 2,780 kcal/kg)-동단백질(17%) 사료를 10주간 급이하였다. 실험 설계는 3처리 6반복, 반복당 12수씩을 완전 임의배치하였다. 사료 섭취량, 산란율 및 난생산 사료 요구율 등의 산란 생산성은 모든 처리구 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 실험 사료 급여 후 5주째와 10주째에 측정한 난각색, 난백고 및 Haugh unit는 DDGS 첨가에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 난각 무게, 난각 두께, 난각 강도와 같은 난각질에서는 5주째에는 영향을 받지 않았으나, 10주째에는 DDGS 20%구에서 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 난황색도의 경우 5주째와 10주째 공히 DDGS 0%구에 비해서 DDGS 20%구에서 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 난황 비율은 DDGS 20%구에서 DDGS 0%구에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 난황의 총 지방 함량은 처리구 사이에 차이가 없었다. 난황의 일가불포화 지방산 함량은 DDGS 첨가에 의하여 감소하였으며, 다가불포화 지방산 함량은 DDGS 20%구에서 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). DDGS 첨가는 난황 지방산의 불포화도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 각 처리구별 시험 사료의 kg당 단가는 DDGS 사용량이 증가할수록 저렴하게 나왔다. 계란 1 kg의 생산 비용도 DDGS 10%, DDGS 20%, DDGS 0% 순서로 저렴하게 나타나고 있어서, DDGS가 옥수수-대두박을 대체할 수 있는 경제성이 충분하다고 판단된다. 결론적으로 산란계 사료에서 DDGS를 20%까지 사용 할 경우 생산성의 큰 변화없이 경제성이 대조구보다는 우수하지만, DDGS를 10% 정도 첨가하여 사용하는 것이 더 경제적이라고 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2002

비태인은 세포에서 삼투압 조절인자로 작용하며 콜린 대체와 체지방 감소 효과를 가진다. 따라서 고온 스트레스 기간에 비태인의 수준별 급여가 산란계의 생산성 및 관련되는 생리적인 인자에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 8주간 사양실험을 시행하였다. 사료는 조단백질 16.00%, 대사에너지 2,800 kcal/kg수준으로 급여하였다. 사료에 비태인의 급여수준은 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000pprn으로 하였으며, 처리구당 반복은 4반복, 반복당 수수는 18수씩 배치하였다. 산란율, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 4주 단위로 측정하였으며, 계란의 품질과 간의 비태인 함량, 혈중 콜레스테롤, 회장 내용물의 삼투압은 실험 종료시에 측정하였다. 산란율은 처리구간에 일관성이 없었지만 비태인 500과 2,000ppm처리구에서 75.06과 75.02%로서 대조구의 72.62%보다 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 사료요구율은 각각 2.203, 2.125 로서 대조구의 2.374보다 현저하게 개선되었다(P<0.05). 난각강도는 비태인 처리구에서 대조구보다 현저하게 높거나 (P<0.05) 개선되는 경향을 보였지만, 난백고와 호유닛은 대조구와 동일한 경향을 나타냈다. 간에서 비태인 함량은 사료내 비태인의 수준에 비례하여 선형적으로 증가하였으며, 비태인 2,000ppm 처리구는 대조구보다 현저하게 높았다 (P<0.05). 혈중 콜레스테롤과 triacylgycerol는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 비태인 처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 회장 내용물의 삼투압은 비태인 급여 구에서 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과 고온 스트레스기에 비태인의 첨가.급여는 산란계의 생산능력을 개선하는 경향을 보였으며, 난각의 품질을 개선하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2021

본 실험은 산란후기의 공시계에서 가수분해 효모의 수준별 급여를 통해 난 생산성과 난질을 평가하고 평가된 데이터를 기본으로 하여 보조사료적 가치를 검토하기 위하여 수행하였다. 58주령 하이라인 실용 갈색계 총 180수를 공시하여 3개 처리에 6반복 반복당 10수를 임의배치 하였고 가수분해 효모를 0, 0.1 및 0.2% 수준으로 첨가한 실험사료를 8주간 급여하였다. 첫 전기 4주간의 산란율과 일산란량에서는 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 후기 4주간 동안 대조구에 비하여 가수분해 효모를 첨가한 실험구의 산란율과 일산란량이 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 난중은 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 전체 실험기간 중의 난각강도와 난각두께는 가수분해 효모 첨가구에서 유의하게 높은 결과가 관찰되었다(P<0.05). 호우유니트에서는 처리간에 차이가 없었으나 난황색은 가수분해 효모 0.1% 첨가구에서 대조구에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 난각 미세구조에서 유두층은 가수분해 효모 급여에 따라 선형적으로 증가하는 결과가 관찰되었다(P<0.05). 가수분해 효모 0.2% 첨가구에서 가금 인플루엔자 바이러스에 대한 항체역가가 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 가수분해 효모의 첨가 급여에 의해 산란후기의 난 생산성이 부분적으로 개선되었고, 난질 및 난각질이 유의하게 향상됨으로서 산란계의 후기 생산단계에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있음이 시사되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.578-582
• /
• 2011

호기성 소화를 통해 안정화된 유기성 슬러지는 질소 비료로서 활용될 수 있는 잠재력이 있다. 본 연구에서는 식품공장 폐수 처리장에서 발생한 슬러지를 호기성 소화한 후, 소화액의 비효효과를 오이 생장을 통해 평가하였다. 공기 공급량을 200 mL/L/min까지 증가시킬 경우, 질산화와 비효효과가 향상됨을 확인하였다. 또한 일반 비료에 비해 슬러지 내 함유량이 부족한 칼륨 등을 보충하기 위해 음식물 쓰레기의 일종인 계란 껍질 가루를 시비 시 함께 투여하여, 식물 생장이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 적정 공기 공급량과 저가의 첨가제 투여는 슬러지 액비의 품질을 보장하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권3_spc호
• /
• pp.371-384
• /
• 2021

Objective: Wheat bran (WB) was co-fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and phytase (Phy) to determine whether co-fermentation improve WB phosphorus and fiber utilization in Isa-brown layers. Methods: A total of 112 Isa brown layer were randomly divided into 7 treatments with 8 replicates per a treatment and 2 hens per a replicate. The treatments included basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with 250 unit/kg Phy (control+Phy), diet with 10% WB (10% WB), diet with 5% WB and 250 unit/kg Phy (5% WB+Phy) diet with 10% WB and 250 unit/kg Phy (10% WB+Phy), diet with 5% fermented WB supplemented with molasses and phy (PCFWH) and 125 unit/kg Phy (5% PCFWH), and diet with 10% PCFWH (10% PCFWH). The intestinal microbial population, intestinal morphology, serum antioxidant enzyme activities, and excreta phosphorus content were assessed. Results: In PCFWH, spore counts, protease activity, xylanase activity, and ferulic acid were 8.50 log/g dry matter (DM), 190 unit/g DM, 120 unit/g DM, and 127 ㎍/g, respectively. Xylobiose and xylotriose were released in PCFWH, while they were not detectable in WB. Antioxidant capacity was also enhanced in PCFWH compared to WB. The 10% WB+Phy and 10% PCFWH groups produced higher egg mass, but hens fed 5% WB+Phy had the lowest amount of feed intake. Eggs from 10% PCFWH had better eggshell weight, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness. Birds fed with 10% PCFWH also had higher serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Compare to control, 10% PCFWH significantly reduced excreta phosphorus content. Conclusion: Diet inclusion of 10% PCFWH improved egg quality, antioxidant status, and excreta phosphorus content of laying hens.