• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1998

This study was investigated to study split diets on laying performance and eggshell quality with Hy-Line brown layers 43 weeks old for 12 weeks Layers fed a conventional diet and split diets were divided into morning and afternoon diet. The conventional diet contained 3.4 % Ca was given constant nutrients all day. Hens of the split diets fed morning diets contained 0.5 % Ca constantly and afternoon diets contained 5.9, 8.0, and 10.0 % Ca in T1to T3. Split diets were given morning diets from 04:00 to 15:00 and afternoon diets 15:00 to 21 :00 alternately. Egg production, egg weight, and egg mass were not significantly different among diets. Abnormal eggs decreased in T1 and T2, but no significantly differed(P>0.05). Feed intake decreased in all of split diets compared to control diets (P <0.05). So, feed conversion ratio also improved in split diets(P<0.05). ME and CP intake decreased in T2 and T3, and Ca intake increased in proportion to Ca content of diets(P<0.05). ME and CP requirements per kg eggs decreased in the split diets, and that of Ca increased. Although there were not different significantly, egg shell strength and thickness improved slightly in T2 at 12 week. Yolk color, haugh unit and yolk index were not different among diets. Therefore, we concluded that split diet feeding to layer could improve feed and economic efficiency with normal egg production.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2002

Surface crack detection is an important aspect in the quality control process of egg markets. The acoustic vibration of an egg could be used as a critical factor in evaluating the eggshell quality. The mode shape indicates the egg vibration behavior at different locations with respect to the input impulse and provides important information for the optimum sensor location to obtain the desired acoustic measurements. Theoretical analysis and experimental measurements were conducted to determine the acoustic vibration modes in eggs. The resonant fiequencies of the first and second resonance mode of intact eggs were found to be distributed between 2kHz and 7kHz range. The measured mode shapes of an egg were similar to theoretical shapes of homogeneous, elastic spheres. An elliptical deformation at the equator ring of the egg was observed. The frequency peak of this mode was dominantly present in the frequency spectrum of an intact egg impacted at its sharp position. The mode shapes related to the first resonant frequency of an egg shelved that the optimum location for the measuring sensor was the 180 degrees position. A optimum location for the egg support was found to be the 90 degrees position having the smallest vibration magnitude.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1109-1120
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• 2022

Antibiotics used to be supplemented to animal feeds as growth promoter and as an effective strategy to reduce the burden of pathogenic bacteria present in the gastro-intestinal tract. However, in-feed antibiotics also kill bacteria that may be beneficial to the animal. Secondly, unrestricted use of antibiotics enhanced the antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. To overcome above problems, scientists are taking a great deal of measures to develop alternatives of antibiotics. There is convincing evidence that probiotics could replace in-feed antibiotics in poultry production. Because they have beneficial effects on growth performance, meat quality, bone health and eggshell quality in poultry. Better immune responses, healthier intestinal microflora and morphology which help the birds to resist against disease attack were also identified with the supplementation of probiotics. Probiotics establish cross-feeding between different bacterial strains of gut ecosystem and reduce the blood cholesterol level via bile salt hydrolase activity. The action mode of probiotics was also updated according to recently published literatures, i.e antimicrobial substances generation or toxin reduction. This comprehensive review of probiotics is aimed to highlight the beneficial effects of probiotics as a potential alternative strategy to replace the antibiotics in poultry.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 목초액 함유 활성탄(activated charcoal, AC)의 급여가 산란계에서 난생산성, 난질과 난각질, 혈액 내 콜레스테롤 분획과 효소 활성 및 난황 내 지질 조성의 변화에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 실시하였다. 총 192수의 56주령 Lohmann 갈색 계통의 실용 산란계를 4개의 처리구로 나누어 0% AC, 0.5% AC, 1% AC 및 2% AC를 함유하는 실험 사료를 각각 5주간 급여하였다. 사료 섭취량과 난 생산성은 매일 기록하였으며 할란 검사는 주 단위로 실시하였다. 사양실험 종료 시 각 공시계로부터 혈액을 채취하여 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도, GOT 및 GPT 활성을 조사하였다. 실험 종료일에 수거한 계란을 할란하여 난질을 검사한 후 난황을 채취하여 난황 내 콜레스테롤 함량과 지방산 조성을 측정하였고, 실험 3주와 5주의 계란을 1일, 7일, 14일간 저장 한 후 난황막 강도를 측정하였다. 난 생산성, 사료 섭취량 및 난황막 강도에서는 처리간에 큰 차이가 관찰되지 않았으나, AC 2% 첨가구에서 난각강도와 Haugh unit의 유의한 개선이 관찰되었다(P<0.05). 난황계수 역시 AC 2% 첨가구에서 유의하게 증가하였으며, 난황색은 대조구에 비해 AC를 첨가한 모든 처리구에서 유의하게 개선되었다(P<0.05). 저장시간의 경과에 따른 계란의 보존성을 난황막 강도를 지표로 조사하였을 때 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 활성탄의 첨가가 난황막 강도의 저하를 다소 완화시키는 효과가 관찰되었다. 혈청 내 GOT 및 GPT 농도에서는 처리구간에 큰 차이가 없었으며, 혈청 콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도에서도 AC 첨가 효과는 인정되지 않았다. 난황 내 총지질 함량은 선형적으로 감소하였는데, AC 1%와 2% 첨가구에서 유의하게 낮아지는 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 난황 내 총 콜레스테롤 함량과 지방산 조성에서는 처리간에 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았다.본 연구에서는 산란계 사료 내 AC의 첨가 급여가 난각 강도, Haugh unit 및 난황색, 난황계수를 개선시킴으로서 고품질 계란 생산을 위한 기능성 첨가제로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. (색인어 : 활성탄, 목초액, 생산성, 난각강도, 호우유니트, 산란계)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1391-1399
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• 2009

Two hundred and sixteen 68-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were used in a 6-week feeding trial to compare the efficacy of phytases Optiphos (OPT) and Natuphos (NAT), which were isolated from Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, respectively. Hens were randomly allotted into six treatments with six replications (six layers in three adjacent cages) per treatment according to their initial BW. The hens were then subjected to one of the following dietary treatments: i) Positive Control (PC; available phosphorus (AP) 0.4%); ii) Negative control (NC; AP 0.2%); iii) NAT1 (NC+250 FTU/kg NAT); iv) NAT2 (NC+500 FTU/kg NAT); v) OPT1 (NC+250 FTU/kg OPT); vi) OPT2 (NC+500 FTU/kg OPT). Feed intake, egg production, egg quality, apparent nutrient digestibility and serum P and Ca concentration were evaluated to compare the effect of the two phytases. Feed intake and eggshell thickness were not affected by the treatments. Superior effects (p<0.05) of OPT were only observed in egg production and egg weight compared with NAT. Characteristics such as eggshell breaking strength, apparent digestibility of N, Ca and P and serum P concentration were equally increased with the supplementation of both phytases (p<0.05), where no significant difference was observed in those characteristics between PC and phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg. Equally effective improvements (p<0.05) were also observed in egg production and DM digestibility, where no improvements were observed (p<0.05) between the PC group and the groups with phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg. Equal increases in the serum Ca level were observed when the groups with phytase supplementation were compared to the PC group. Overall, the results of this study suggest that NAT and OPT are equally effective at liberating phytate-bound complexes when included in 0.2% available phosphorus diets for 68-week laying hens; either source of phytase can be fed to commercial 68-week laying hens at 500 FTU/kg to correct the negative effects associated with a 0.2% available phosphorus diet. In conclusion, either source of phytase can be fed to commercial first cycle laying hens at 500 FTU/kg to effectively replace inorganic phosphorus when economically justified.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2017

This experiment was aimed at investigating the effects of dietary supplementation with fermented rice bran (FRB) or fermented broken rice (FBR) on egg-laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, and cholesterol level in egg yolk of Hy-Line Brown egg-laying hens. Altogether, 144 Hy-Line Brown egg-laying hens (32-week-old) were randomly allocated to one of 4 dietary treatment groups, with 4 replicates per treatment. Of them, 3 treatments diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 0.1% probiotics (PRO), 1% fermented rice bran (FRB), or 1% fermented broken rice (FBR) at the expense of corn. Hen-day egg production was higher (P<0.05) in PRO and FRB treatment groups than in the basal treatment groups. However, feed intake, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio did not differ among the treatment groups. Additionally, supplementation with FRB or FBR did not affect eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg yolk color, and Haugh unit during the feeding trial. There was no significant difference in leukocyte count. Total cholesterol level was lower (P<0.05) in the FRB treatment group than in the basal treatment groups. Asparate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, glucose, and albumin levels were unaffected by dietary supplementation with FRB or FBR. Egg yolk cholesterol level was lower (P<0.05) in the FRB and FBR treatment groups than in the basal treatment groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FRB or FBR improved egg-laying performance, and reduced the levels of total serum cholesterol and cholesterol in egg yolk of Hy-Line Brown egg-laying hens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2005

본 연구는 식물 조직 배양 기술을 이용하여 산삼 부정근을 배양하고 폐기되는 배양액을 이용하여 산란계의 생산성, 계란의 품질 및 난황의 지방산과 콜레스테롤 함량을 조사하였다. 19주령 로만 브라운 산란계 420수를 공시하여 산란율 $5\%$ 시기부터 8주 동안 사양시험을 시행하였다. 산삼 배양액은 음수로 급여하였으며, 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, $3.2\%$ 수준으로 5개 처리구를 두었고, 처리구당 7반복, 반복당 12수씩 체중을 비슷하게 배치하였다 시험에 이용된 사료는 옥수수-대두박 위주로 모든 처리구의 영양소 함량은 CP $16\%$, ME 2,800kcal/kg 수준으로 동일하게 하였다. 산란율과 산란량은 산삼배양액을 $1.6\%$ 수준까지 급여한 처리구에서는 대조구와 차이가 없었으나 $3.2\%$ 급여구에서는 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 그리고 사료요구율에 있어서도 $3.2\%$ 급여구가 증가하였고(p<0.05), 난중과 사료섭취량은 차이가 없었다. 계란의 난각 강도, 난백고, 하우유닛 및 난황 색도는 처리구 상호간 통계적인 차이는 발견되지 않았으나, 난각 두께는 산삼 배양액 급여구가 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 한편, 산삼 배양액의 급여는 난황의 지방산과 콜레스테롤 함량의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 시험의 결과, 산삼배양액의 급여는 산란계의 생산성과 난황내 지방산과 콜레스테롤 함량에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 난각 두께는 증가됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

본 시험을 수행하기 위하여 공시 품종으로 국내 산란계 품종중 우수계통으로 ISA 계통 White와 Brown P.S, Hyline 계통 White와 Brown P.S와 Lohman 계통 White와 Brown P.S 등 6개 계통을 선발하여 우량교배조합구를 구성하고 대조구로는 현재 국내에서 가장 널리 사육하는 품종 ISA Brown CC. Hyline Brown CC와 Lohman Brown CC 3계종과 우량교배 조합구 6구를 공시하여 산란성에 대한 시험을 실시한바 성적은 다음과 같다. (1) 생존율에 있어서 육성율(0~l7주) 99.95%, 성계생존율 (18~72주) 91%로 시험구와 대조구간에 차이가 없었다. (2) 시산일령은 평균 147~148일로 시험구, 대조구 간에 차이가 없었다. (3) 18~72주령 산란율에서 시험구는 83.76%, 대조구는 77.82%로 시험구 산란율이 약 6%가 높아서 통계적으로 유의하였다. (4) 산란지수에 있어서도 시험구 평균 산란지수는 18~72주시까지 292.33개이고 대조구는 271.31개로 시험구가 21개 더 생산하였으며 통계적으로 유의하였다. (5) 산란량에서도 18~72주시까지 시험구는 18.83kg, 대조구는 16.48kg으로 시험구가 2.35kg 더 많은 생산을 하였고 유의하였다. (6) 난중에 있어서도 30주령시, 72주령시 모두 시험구 난중이 대조구에 비하여 유의하게 무거웠다. 18~72주시 평균난중에 있어서 시험구는 64.32g이고 대조구는 60.73g로서 시험구가 3.59g 만큼 더 무거웠으며 통계적인 유의차가 있었다. (7) 사료요구율에 있어서 18~72주시 시험구는 2,297인데 대조구는 2,454로서 시험구가 계란 I1kg 생산에 사료 157g 만큼 절약되었으며 유의성이 있었다. (8) 난질조사에 있어서 산란말기인 72주령시 성적을 보면 시험구 H.U는 82.20이고 대조구는 77.82로서 시험구 계란이 4.38 H.U만큼 품질이 우수하였으며 난황색, 난각두께에 있어서는 시험구와 대조구 간에 차이가 없었다. (9) 난각색에 있어서는 시험구 난각색이 백색란과 갈색란의 중간에 속하는 연갈색 난각을 나타내며 소비자 기호도가 낮은 편이었다. (10) 체중에 있어서 육성기 8주령시, 12주령시, 18주령시까지 시험구와 대조구간에는 차이가 없었다. 그리고 산란기 42주령시, 72주령시 체중에 있어서도 두 처리구간에 차이가 없었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.438-448
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the effects of storage time and temperature and their interaction on the hygienic quality parameters of shell eggs. Methods: Eggs from 40-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens were sampled immediately after being laid and subjected to storage periods of four weeks at a refrigerated temperature ($4-5^{\circ}C$) or room temperature ($13.0-19.7^{\circ}C$). Interior/exterior qualities were examined every one week. Results: Weight loss was 2.4-3.1%. The initial specific gravity of the eggs was maintained until one week at both temperatures. Air cell size exceeded 4 mm when stored for one week at room temperature, and two weeks at refrigerated temperature. Albumen index and Haugh unit were significantly decreased at both temperatures after one week (p<0.001). Rapidly increased pH of the albumen with one week of storage was observed, regardless of temperature (p<0.001). Extension of the storage for up to four weeks at room temperature resulted in remarkable deterioration of eggshell quality and instrumental color as redness (a). Air cell size, albumen and yolk indices, Haugh unit, pH of albumen and yolk were found to be influenced by storage time and temperature (p<0.001). Interaction effects between storage time and temperature were also significant for air cell size, pH of albumen and yolk (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that air cell size and pH of albumen and yolk were important parameters influenced by storage time and temperature in shell eggs. Storage time was more influential for air cell size, and temperature for the pH of yolk. Both variables almost equally influenced the pH of albumen.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1802-1810
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing herbal active ingredients (YGF251) which can promote the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the diet on production performance, egg quality, blood hematology, and excreta gas emission in laying hens. Methods: A total of 288 ISA Brown (41-week-old) laying hens with an initial body weight of 1.83±0.68 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a randomized block design based on body weight. Each treatment had 12 replicate cages having 6 adjacent cages per replicate (hens are kept in cages alone). The experimental period was 35 days. Dietary treatments were based on the corn-soybean meal-wheat-based basal diet and supplemented with 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.15% YGF251. Results: There was a linear increased egg weight in weeks 1 to 5 (p<0.05), egg mass in week 1 (p<0.05) and weeks 1 to 5 (p<0.05), egg strength on day 7 (p<0.05), 21 (p<0.01), and 35 (p<0.01), eggshell thickness on day 21 (p<0.05) and 35 (p<0.01), haugh unit on day 21 (p<0.01) and 35 (p<0.05), serum IGF-1 concentration on day 21 (p<0.05) and 35 (p<0.01), and serum total protein concentration on day 35 (p<0.05) were observed with the supplementing YGF251 increased in the diet, while feed conversion ratio in weeks 1 to 5 (p<0.05) and excreta ammonia emission (p<0.01) decreased linearly with the dose of YGF251 increased. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of YGF251 positively affected the production performance and egg quality of laying hens through increasing serum IGF-1 concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, YGF251 supplementation improved barn environment by reducing excreta noxious gas emission.