• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.94-97
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• 1996

Two hundred and eighty eight patients suffering from excessive sweating of palms, soles and axillae etc., visited our Neuro-Pain clinic from November 1991 to March 1996. The sex ratio was 1:1.2. the third decade of age was the major age group. the onset time of hyperhidrosis was prepubertal period (in 95.1% of them). the provocative factors fo excessive sweating were tension and stress from interpersonal relationship. they had the family history (30.9%) and the past history treated with herb medication (56.9%), medicine (30.6%), operation (1.4%), and no treatment (39.6%). We treated 113 patients by sympathetic ganglion block with pure alcohol. the average times of thoracic sympathetic ganglion block were 2.1 (left), 2.4 (right) and those of lumbar sympathetic ganglion block were 1.2 (left), 1.6 (right). Average admission period was 14.7 days. Recurrence rare was 7.1%. Most longstanding effective period was 45 months. We conclude from our results that sympathetic ganglion block is one of the most effective treatments for hyperhidrosis owing to its simple technique and low recurrence rate.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2016

Purpose: Modified Mau and Akin osteotomy for hallux valgus is followed by moderate to severe postoperative pain. Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block can be an effective option for pain control. We attempted to evaluate the efficacy of the ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in controlling postoperative pain. Materials and Methods: The charts of 59 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed between December 2014 and August 2015. Twenty-eight patients (the patient group) has received the ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block after surgery, and 31 patients (the control group) has not received such procedure. The primary outcome was the satisfaction scale for postoperative pain control and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Results: The VAS score at postoperative day one was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. The satisfaction scale for pain control for postoperative 1 day was significantly different between the two groups. In patient group, most patients have rated positively ('strongly agree' 42.9%, 'agree' 42.9%); however, in the control group, the rating scales were distributed relatively negatively ('strongly agree' 9.7%, 'agree' 22.6%, 'neutral' 29.0%, 'disagree' 25.8%, 'strongly disagree' 12.9%). The number of postoperative rescue analgesics injection was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. Conclusion: Postoperative ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block was effective for pain relief after hallux valgus surgery.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.2 s.99
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• pp.101-110
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• 2006

One of the most effective ways to improve cache performance is to exploit both temporal and spatial locality given by any program executional characteristics. This paper proposes a data cache with small space for low power but high performance on multimedia applications. The basic architecture is a split-cache consisting of a direct-mapped cache with small block sire and a fully-associative buffer with large block size. To overcome the disadvantage of small cache space, two mechanisms are enhanced by considering operational behaviors of multimedia applications: an adaptive multi-block prefetching to initiate various fetch sizes and an efficient block filtering to remove rarely reused data. The simulations on MediaBench show that the proposed 5KB-cache can provide equivalent performance and reduce energy consumption up to 40% as compared with 16KB 4-way set associative cache.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-164
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• 2005

Background: Chemical lumbar sympathetic ganglion block could potentially be used to treat plantar hyperhidrosis; therefore, we analyzed the outcome of lumbar sympathetic ganglion block using alcohol for the treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis. Methods: Between March 1992 and June 2003, 356 patients with plantar hyperhidrosis underwent lumbar sympathetic ganglion block using alcohol. All 356 patients were followed up for 2 years and the results evaluated. There were 185 and 171 male and female patients, respectively, with a mean age of 25.1 years, ranging from 15.3 to 56.5 years old. Lumbar sympathetic ganglion block using alcohol was performed with fluoroscopic guidance under local anesthesia. Results: The recurrence rate after 2 years was 34%. Compensatory hyperhidrosis, ejaculation failure, lower back pain and genitofemoral neuritis developed as complications in 132, 4, 12 and 2 patients, respectively. Of the 356 patients, 65% were satisfied. Conclusions: Lumbar sympathetic ganglion block using alcohol is an effective and safe method for the treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis, but more information about the complications and relatively high recurrence rates should be provided to the patient.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 1996

This is a retrospective analysis of 158 patients who visted our Neuro-Pain clinic, April 1992 to March 1996, suffering from trigeminal neuralgia. Most patients received nerve blocks in its triggering peripheral branches of pain. All patients experienced pain relief for 3 months after initial successful nerve block. Twenty two patients complained of recurring pain within 4 to 32 months. Mean duration of pain relief was as follows: infraorbital nerve block 15.2 months, maxillary nerve block 16.8 months, and mandibular nerve block 23.4 months. Demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients were also evaluated. This study demonstrates that alcohol block is a safe and effective method of treating trigeminal neuralgia.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

Background: Despite tension type headache is popular, the exact mechanism and method of treatment are not certain yet. So, we supposed the basic mechanism of tension type headache is myogenic, and did Tienchu acupoint block, occipital nerve block, and trigger point injection in tension type headache patients. Methods: Fifty-seven tension type headache patients were treated with local anesthetics and small dose of steroid. The intensity of pain and effect of every treatment was evaluated as Verbal Rating Score (VRS; 0~10) before and after every treatment. Evaluation of treatment was based on the time of treatment (1,2 times, 3 times, 4,5 times). Goal of treatment was VRS reaching below two point and it was considered as treated state. Results: Symptom improvement rates of each treatment were 90% (1, 2 times), 91% (3 times), 70% (4, 5 times) respectively. VRS reduction more than 50% rates were 60%, 64%, 60% respectively. Treated state (VRS<2) rates were 33%, 27%, 30% respectively. Conclusion: Tienchu acupoint block, occipital nerve block, trigger point injection were sorts of most effective and simply applicable modalities of treatment in tension type headache.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1600-1619
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• 2023

Organizations and other institutions have recently started using cloud service providers to store and share information in light of the Internet of Things (IoT). The major issues with this storage are preventing unauthorized access and data theft from outside parties. The Block chain based Security Sharing scheme with Data Access Control (BSSDAC) was implemented to improve access control and secure data transaction operations. The goal of this research is to strengthen Data Access Control (DAC) and security in IoT applications. To improve the security of personal data, cypher text-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) can be developed. The Aquila Optimization Algorithm (AOA) generates keys in the CP-ABE. DAC based on a block chain can be created to maintain the owner's security. The block chain based CP-ABE was developed to maintain secures data storage to sharing. With block chain technology, the data owner is enhancing data security and access management. Finally, a block chain-based solution can be used to secure data and restrict who has access to it. Performance of the suggested method is evaluated after it has been implemented in MATLAB. To compare the proposed method with current practices, Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) are both used.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.856-868
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• 2007

We propose an effective method for block classification in a document image. The gray level document image is converted to the binary image for a block segmentation. This binary image would be smoothed to find the locations and sizes of each block. And especially during this smoothing, the inner block heights of each block are obtained. The gray level image is divided to several blocks by these location informations. The SGLDM(spatial gray level dependence matrices) are made using the each gray-level document block and the seven second-order statistical texture features are extracted from the (0,1) direction's SGLDM which include the document attributes. Document image blocks are classified to two groups, text and non-text group, by the inner block height of the block at the nearest neighbor rule. The seven texture features(that were extracted from the SGLDM) are used for the five detail categories of small font, large font, table, graphic and photo blocks. These document blocks are available not only for structure analysis of document recognition but also the various applied area.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2005

The characteristics of environmentally friendly block, roughness, erosion, stability and dissolved oxygen(DO) were investigated by hydraulic experiment. It was found that the roughness of A-block was lower than I block and A block was more stable to the variation of flow. So it is expected that A-block will be more effective to the channel flow. It was also found that the erosion of channel bed was very small or rarely occurred and stable in the case of 3-dimensional A-block filled with sand. And 3-dimensional A-blocks assembled with A-blocks were more stable against the flow force than I block because of the united force of A-blocks. When the bed of channel was paved with 3-dimensional A-blocks, DO was increased higher than I block. So it is expected that A-block will be more advantageous to underwater environment than I block.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.271-287
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• 2021

Background: Postoperative pain management is crucial for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There have been many recent clinical trials on post-TKA peripheral nerve block; however, they have reported inconsistent findings. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to comprehensively analyze studies on post-TKA analgesia to provide evidence-based clinical suggestions. Methods: We performed a computer-based query of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science to retrieve related articles using neurothe following search terms: nerve block, nerve blockade, chemodenervation, chemical neurolysis, peridural block, epidural anesthesia, extradural anesthesia, total knee arthroplasty, total knee replacement, partial knee replacement, and others. After quality evaluation and data extraction, we analyzed the complications, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, patient satisfaction, perioperative opioid dosage, and rehabilitation indices. Evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Results: We included 16 randomized controlled trials involving 981 patients (511 receiving peripheral nerve block and 470 receiving epidural block) in the final analysis. Compared with an epidural block, a peripheral nerve block significantly reduced complications. There were no significant between-group differences in the postoperative VAS score, patient satisfaction, perioperative opioid dosage, and rehabilitation indices. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the peripheral nerve block is superior to the epidural block in reducing complications without compromising the analgesic effect and patient satisfaction. Therefore, a peripheral nerve block is a safe and effective postoperative analgesic method with encouraging clinical prospects.