• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.371-388
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• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase(DXAMase) from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22) has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependentadherent microbial film and DXAMase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi DXAMase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine the adjunctive oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 DXAMase)-containing mouthwash when used alongside normal tooth-brushing. This 6-month clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months, subjects were scored for plaque accumulation(Turesky modification of Quingley-Hein's plaque index), gingivitis status($L\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice daily after toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 month of experiment. During 6 months' period, the Dextranase mouthwash group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation, compared to the Chlorhexidine mouthwash and placebo groups. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 6 months of experiment. The Experimental group(Dextranase mouthwash) also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the Positive control(Chlorhexidine mouthwash)as well as the Negative control(placebo)groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the Positive control group, compared to the baseline score and the Negative controlgroup since 3 months of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 6 months in the Experimental group, still less severe than the Positive control group. As for the oral side effect, the Experimental group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the Positive control group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase provided adjunctive benefits to toothbrushing, comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, with long-term use of the mouthwash. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.10-18
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• 2003

Background: Studies on the pain have been dealing with many different ways for last several centuries. Especially, preemptive analgesia is being used as a method to control the postoperative pain. Many studies on its efficacy have been processed in different ways about various drugs, administration methods and times for various operations. And the value of preemptive analgesia are still controversial regarding the results of other clinical studies. The authors performed a clinical study on efficacy of preemptive analgesia using an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the surgical extraction of impacted third molar teeth and present the more effective pain treatment after oral surgery with literature review. Methods: Using a randomized double blind test design, this study compared the analgesic efficacies of an NSAID, Talniflumate 370 mg. This drug administrated first either 1 hour preoperatively (experimental group) or when the pain developed moderately to severely over 5 scale of verbal rating scales (0-10) to respective 30 patients undergoing the removal of impacted third molars. Pain intensity and the time from the end of surgery were assessed postoperatively whenever the patients demanded additional drug over 5 scale for forty eight hours using same verbal rating scales. Results: The sex distribution, the age of the patients. and the time required for surgery in two groups were similar. The average first time for demanding additional drug after surgery was 163.9 minutes in experimental group and 191.5 minutes in control group. At this time, the average pain intensity was 5.8 in experimental group and 6.1 in control group. And the average second time for demanding additional drug was 365.5 minutes in experimental group and 351.8 minutes in control group. At this time. the average pain intensities were 6.6 in experimental group and 6.2 in control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the average first times and second times, and the average pain intensities at first and second times in two groups. Conclusions: From these results the efficacy of preemptive analgesia used in this study was not appeared. This clinical study indicates that many NSAIDs administrated preoperatively in present practices have weak efficacy of preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain, thus the authors recommend that only postoperative analgesics are adequate without preoperative use of analgesics.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2009

Although thin PCBs(Printed Circuit Boards) have recently been required for high density interconnection, high electrical performance, and low manufacturing cost, the utilization of thin PCBs is severely limited by warpage and reliability issues. Warpage of the thin PCB leads to failure in solder-joints and chip. The $B^2it$(Buried Bump Interconnection Technology) for PCB has been developed to achieve a competitive manufacturing price. In this study, chip temperature, package warpage, chip stress and solder-joints stress characteristics of the PCB prepared with $B^2it$ process have been calculated using thermo-mechanical coupled analysis by the FEM(Finite Element Method). FEM computation was carried out with the variations in bump shapes and kinds of materials under 1.5W power of chip and constant convection heat transfer. The results show that chip temperature distribution reached more quickly steady-state status with PCB prepared with $B^2it$ process than PCB prepared with conventional via interconnection structure. Although $B^2it$ structures are effective on low package warpage and chip stress, with high strength bump materials arc disadvantage for low stress of solder-joints. Therefore, it is recommended that optimized bump shapes and materials in PCB design should be considered in terms of reliability characteristics in the packaging level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.140-145
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• 2010

In this work, to theoretically analyze the nonlinear charging characteristic, a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is adopted. Based on the RBFNN, an charging characteristic tendency of a Linear Type Magnetic Flux Pump (LTMFP) is analyzed. In the paper, we developed the LTMFP that generates stable and controllable charging current and also experimentally investigated its charging characteristic in the cryogenic system. From these experimental results, the charging current of the LTMFP was also found to be frequency dependent with nonlinear quality due to the nonlinear magnetic behaviour of superconducting Nb foil. On the whole, in the case of essentially cryogenic experiment, since cooling costs loomed large in the cryogenic environment, it is difficult to carry out various experiments. Consequentially, in this paper, we estimated the nonlinear characteristic of charging current as well as realized the intelligent model via the design of RBFNN based on the experimental data. In this paper, we view RBF neural networks as predominantly data driven constructs whose processing is based upon an effective usage of experimental data through a prudent process of Fuzzy C-Means clustering method. Also, the receptive fields of the proposed RBF neural network are formed by the FCM clustering.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2015

Brownfield sites are beginning to be considered as potentially useful areas for landscape design and planning, with post-industrial areas such as water treatment facilities and military training bases being converted into useful landscapes such as parks and recreation areas. These redevelopments bring broad benefits through revitalizing communities and increasing property values, thus, increasing the demand for comprehensive management and planning policies. This study examines changes in U.S. brownfield policies and programs and, identifies their periodic characteristics over the thirty years since the Superfund program was introduced in 1980. A descriptive and interpretive approach was utilized, focusing specifically on a time sequential analysis of the data gathered from the overview of the Environmental Protection Agency's web-based documents and related literature. The primary changes in and characteristics of programs and policies were analyzed and divided into three periods : environmental protection, remediation and reuse, and comprehensive planning. Four major features were identified: relaxation and readjustment of regulation, diversification of support programs, a mix of top-down and bottom-up approaches, and database system building. The study examines how common brownfield problems such as site identification difficulties and assessment and remediation cost have been dealt with in the regulatory context and has implications for future policies and programs for effective brownfield planning and management in Korea.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.295-310
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• 2002

Software architecture representing a common high-level abstraction of a system can be used as a basis for creating mutual understanding among all stakeholders of the system. In determining a software architecture's fitness with respect to its desired qualities as well as in improving a software architecture, software architecture evaluation is importantly performed. However moat of architecture evaluation methods are not still sufficient in that they do not explicitly consider artifacts discussed during architecture evaluation and their processes are net systematic. As a result, we are hard to follow them. To address these problems, this paper presents the method to evaluate systematically a software architecture with respect to its desired qualities. In this approach, the functional and non-functional requirements are separately handled, and software architecture is represented in the 4+1 view model using UML. Through this initial consideration, the important artifacts such as goals, scope, and target of evaluation are clearly determined. Also, the method provides the well defined process to produce the important evaluation artifacts such as sub-designs, design decisions, rationale, qualities from inputs. In addition, it enables us to determine satisfaction of a architecture with respect its desired qualities or improve a architecture through the structured evaluation results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.468-473
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to measure the opening force of an access door of a pressurized smoke control zone and verify the reliability of the opening force. For the access door opening force, the opening load of the access door was measured before and after pressurized air had entered the smoke control zone. The reliability of the measured values was verified using the Anderson Darling's statistical analysis method of the Minitab Program. Because the analyzed P values were greater than 0.05 except for some floors before and after the operation of the smoke control equipment, the opening force was found to have 95% reliability. The normal distribution of the measured values showed no relationship with the operation of the smoke control equipment and the precision of the force gauge was believed to be reliable. The major factors for the optimal design of the pressurized smoke control equipment include the precision and reliability of the force gauge, the correct posture of the measuring person, and the same conditions for access doors. Therefore, a digital force gauge is believed to be suitable for measuring the opening force of the access door of a pressurized smoke control zone. In addition, standardization of the posture of a measuring person, the setup of the initial opening force of an access door, etc., are major variables for effective measurements of the door opening force of an access door.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.441-452
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of domestic research into breast-feeding intervention education geared toward mothers and the content of the intervention based on the existing literature in an effort to provide information on how to offer the best intervention. Domestic studies reported between January 1993 and December 2014 were analyzed using four different databases. Fifteen studies were selected from 76 studies included in the databases after performing the searches. How long breast-feeding intervention remains effective should be studied to secure scientific rationales, which is one of the proper nursing interventions to boost breast feeding. As a result of analyzing the papers according to Whittmore and Knaf's integrative review method, the individual educational intervention was offered in two papers, and the individual education and group education were both provided in four. In nine papers, individual education, group education, phone counseling and education by home visits were all offered. Follow-up studies should be conducted by adopting a systematic research design to find more scientific evidence for appropriate nursing interventions to boost breast-feeding. These results will be useful for the development of educational programs for breast-feeding if more accurate information on breast-feeding education for mothers can be obtained.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.2 s.48
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• pp.135-143
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• 2006

This study presents the results of a series of laboratory scale slope failure experiments aimed at clarifying the process and the condition leading to the initiation of rainfall-induced slope failures. For the evaluation of hydrologic response of the model slopes in relation the process of failure initiation, measurements were focused on the changes in volumetric water content during the initiation process. The process leading to failure initiation commences by the development of a seepage face. It appears reasonable to conclude that slope failures are a consequence of the instability of seepage area formed at the slope surface during rainfall period. Therefore, this demonstrates the importance of monitoring the development seepage area for useful prediction about the timing of a particular failure event. The hydrologic response of soil slopes leading to failure initiation is characterized by three phases (phase I, II and III) of significant increase in volumetric water content in association with the ingress of wetting front and the rise of groundwater level within the slope. The period of phase III increase in volumetric water content can be used to initiate advance warning towards a failure initiation event. Therefore, for the concept outlined above, direct and continuous monitoring of the change in volumetric water content is likely to provide the possibility for the development of a reliable and effective means of predicting the occurrence of rainfall-induced slope failures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

In this paper, the laboratory test results with middle-sired ,soil box test in modeling the in-situ installing of horizontal drains are discussed the estimation of the optimum negative pressure. The test was carried out in the different vacuum pressure conditions together with the measurement for the settlement and volume change of drained water by the installed drains during the consolidation process. After the test, the water content was measured to both directions of lateral distance from the drain and depth of the soil, to find out the distribution of ground improvement and strength enhancement. From the analysis on the distribution of water content, the gradual application of vacuum pressure to higher level by pre-determined stages starting from low vacuum pressure is found to be effective and desirable. In the comparison of the degrees of consolidation with elapsed time, the calculated value by the prediction method based on the Barren's conventional theory showed a good agreement with the measured value. With this, It is positively considered that the applicability of the prediction method based on Barren's theory to the practical design of horizontal drains can be justified such as in the calculation of drain spacing and consolidation period.