• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.939-942
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• 2016

One of the most important characteristic curves of a solar cell is its current density-voltage (J-V) curve under AM1.5G insolation. Solar cell can be considered as a semiconductor diode, so a diode equivalent model was used to estimate its parameters from the J-V curve by numerical simulation. Active layer plays an important role in operation of a solar cell. We investigated the effect thicknesses and defect densities (N_d) of the active layer on the J-V curve. When the active layer thickness was varied (for N_d = 8×10¹⁷ cm^-3) from 800 nm to 100 nm, the reverse saturation current density (J_o) changed from 3.56×10^-5 A/cm² to 9.62×10^-11 A/cm² and its ideality factor (n) changed from 5.28 to 2.02. For a reduced defect density (N_d = 4×10¹⁵ cm^-3), the n remained within 1.45≤n≤1.92 for the same thickness range. A small increase in shunt resistance and almost no change in series resistance were observed in these cells. The low reverse saturation current density (J_o = 9.62×10^-11 A/cm²) and diode ideality factor (n = 2.02 or 1.45) were observed for amorphous silicon based solar cell with 100 nm thick active layer.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.83-103
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• 2024

Adhesive bonding is currently widely used in many industrial fields, particularly in the aeronautics sector. Despite its advantages over mechanical joints such as riveting and welding, adhesive bonding is mostly used for secondary structures due to its low peel strength; especially if it is simultaneously exposed to temperature and humidity; and often presence of bonding defects. In fact, during joint preparation, several types of defects can be introduced into the adhesive layer such as air bubbles, cavities, or cracks, which induce stress concentrations potentially leading to premature failure. Indeed, the presence of defects in the adhesive joint has a significant effect on adhesive stresses, which emphasizes the need for a good surface treatment. The research in this field is aimed at minimizing the stresses in the adhesive joint at its free edges by geometric modifications of the ovelapping part and/or by changing the nature of the substrates. In this study, the finite element method is used to describe the mechanical behavior of bonded joints. Thus, a three-dimensional model is made to analyze the effect of defects in the adhesive joint at areas of high stress concentrations. The analysis consists of estimating the different stresses in an adhesive joint between two 2024-T3 aluminum plates. Two types of single lap joints(SLJ) were analyzed: a standard SLJ and another modified by removing 0.2 mm of material from the thickness of one plate along the overlap length, taking into account several factors such as the applied load, shape, size and position of the defect. The obtained results clearly show that the presence of a bonding defect significantly affects stresses in the adhesive joint, which become important if the joint is subjected to a higher applied load. On the other hand, the geometric modification made to the plate considerably reduces the various stresses in the adhesive joint even in the presence of a bonding defect.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.21-24
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• 2003

In hot forming process of the backward end-bulkhead of a pressure hull, the blank diameter and the tool clearance are the critical factors which influence wrinkling defect, forming load and shape completeness of the product. Two F.E.A softwares with the elasto-plastic material model and rigid plastic model were utilized to predict the occurrence of wrinkling defect. Tool clearance was determined by considering the increase of blank thickness, die strength and the stretching effect. Heat treatment condition after the hot forming to recover the original properties of the material was estabilished by specimen-based heat treating experiment.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.310-315
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• 2003

This paper presents the effect of boundary condition of failure pressure model for buried pipelines on failure prediction by using a failure probability model. The first order Taylor series expansion of the limit state function is used in order to estimate the probability of failure associated with various corrosion defects for long exposure periods in years. A failure pressure model based on a failure function composed of failure pressure and operation pressure is adopted for the assessment of pipeline failure. The effects of random variables such as defect depth, pipe diameter, defect length, fluid pressure, corrosion rate, material yield stress, material ultimate tensile strength and pipe thickness on the failure probability of the buried pipelines are systematically studied by using a failure probability model for the corrosion pipeline.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2009

일반적인 산업현장에서 내부결함 평가를 위해 사용되어온 유도초음파기법은 비결함 지역에서는 에너지 감쇠를 고려하지 않고 적용되어 왔다. 결함 지역에서의 신호는 산란과 반사에 의해서 분명한 감쇠가 발생하지만 비결함 지역에서도 작은 감쇠가 발생한다. 또한 분산선도에서 판파(Lamb wave)는 각 두께, 주파수에 의해 분산성이 달라지기에 각 모드에 적합한 감쇠계수를 찾는 것은 중요하다. 이를 위해 접촉식 PZT(piezoelectric)센서를 이용한 pitch-catch 방식으로 거리에 따른 각 모드의 감쇠계수를 구하였다. 본 연구에서는 흔히 쓰이는 알루미늄과 구리판으로, 두께 차이, 모드 차이, 재질 차이에 의한 실험적인 감쇠율을 구하는데 중점을 두었다. 그 결과 각 변수에 따라 감쇠계수는 달라지며, 정량화가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2005

Purpose: Disaster as traffic accident, industrial disaster, high voltage electrical bum and flame burn of extremity have a destructive effect because of the involvement of deep structure. Generally, such injury may result in decreased function or loss of limb. In this study the successful use of the combined scapular/parascapular flap as microsurgical transfer to cover extensive defect of electrical and flame bum is reported. Material and Method: Between January 2000 and June 2001, the combined scapular and parascapular flap was used for the coverage of soft tissue defect for 7 patients were admitted to our department with high voltage electrical bum and flame burn. The recipient site were the wrist joint in 2 cases, the forearm in 1 case, the ankle joint in 1 case, the foot dorsum in 1 case, the heel in 1 case. Result: Flap survival was complete in all patients. The result of flap coverage for these deep wound was successful. Conclusion: The advantages of scapular/parascapular combined flap were coverage of the large defect, easy shaping of the flap to fit the required three dimensional configuration around the joint, non hair bearing skin of uniform thickness, minimal donor site morbidity.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.113.2-113.2
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• 2014

Heat is a familiar form of energy transported from a hot side to a colder side of an object, but not a notion associated with microscopic measurements of electronic properties. A temperature difference within a material causes charge carriers, electrons or holes, to diffuse along the temperature gradient inducing a thermoelectric voltage. Here we show that local thermoelectric measurements can yield high sensitivity imaging of structural disorder on the atomic and nanometre scales. Using this imaging technique, we discovered a defect-mediated dimensional evolution of strain-response patterns in epitaxial graphene with increasing thickness.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of ZnO seed layer thickness on the density of ZnO nanorod arrays. ZnO has been deposited using two distinct processes consisting of the seed layer deposition using ALD and subsequent hydrothermal ZnO growth. Due to the coexistence of the growth and dissociation during ZnO hydrothermal growth process on the seed layer, the thickness of seed layer plays a critical role in determining the nanorod growth and morphology. The optimized thickness resulted in the regular ZnO nanorod growth. Moreover, the introduction of ALD to form the seed layer facilitates the growth of the nanorods on ultrathin seed layer and enables the densification of nanorods with a narrow change in the seed layer thickness. This study demonstrates that ALD technique can produce densely packed, virtually defect-free, and highly uniform seed layers and two distinctive processes may form ZnO as the final product via the initial nucleation step consisting of the reaction between $Zn^{2+}$ ions from respective zinc precursors and $OH^-$ ions from $H_2O$.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.615-621
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 고변형된 이중 에피층에서 두 가지 종류의 반원 전위 루프 ($60^{\circ}$및 쌍격자 전위)의 생성 속도물 예측하는 모델을 제안한다. 모델링 시, 에피층 표면에서 발생하는 결함과 이곳에 집중되는 응력 효과를 고려하였으며, Matthew의 식을 발전시켜 에피층 두께에 따른 잔류 변형율을 변수로 사용하였다. 모델링을 통한 계산 결과에 의하면, 응력 집중 현상은 고변형된 이종에피층에서 전위 및 결정 결함 현상을 설명하는 데 매우 중요하였다. 또한,본 연구를 퉁하여, 응력 집중 현상이 에피층 성장 초기에 생성되는 전위 형태를 결정하는 주요한 인자 중 하나임을 단면 투과 전자 현미경 결과와의 비교를 통해 확인할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.544-548
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• 1998

A Monte Carlo simulation incorporated with the genetic algorithm is presented to describe the defect known as "transition from Y-to X-type deposition" of the cadmium arachidate Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer film. Simulation is performed based on the detachment models of XY-type deposition. The transition is simulated by introducing a probability of surface molecule detachment considering interaction between neighboring molecules. The genetic algorithm is incorporated into Monte Carlo simulation to get the optimum value of the probability factors. The distribution of layers having different thickness predicted by the simulation correlates well with the measured distribution of thickness using the small-angle X-ray reflectivity. The effect of chain length and subphase temperature on the detachment probability are investigated using the simulation. Simulation results show that an increase (or a decrease) of two hydrocarbon chain is roughly equivalent to the detachment probability to a temperature decrease (or increase) of 15 K.