• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2003

In order to enhance the firmness and shelf-life of kimchi, as well as to increase the content of well-absorbed digestible calcium, the effect of calcium lactate (CaL) treatment of salted Chinese cabbage on pH, tit ratable acidity, total microbes, lactic acid bacteria, alcohol insoluble substance (AIS) content, firmness, mineral content and tissue structure were investigated. Treatment with the Cal solution increased pH and decreased titratable acidity, which was more pronounced at higher concentrations. The edible period evaluated by pH was 7～8 days for non-treated kimchi, 10 days for 1 % treated kimchi, 15 days for 2% treated kimchi and 20 days for 3% treated kimchi. Total microbes were reduced, but lactic acid bacteria counts were higher in the treated group. CaL treated kimchi showed higher AIS content and firmer texture, which was more conspicuous in the 2 and 3% CaL treated groups. Calcium content in kimchi fermented for 15 days was 40.75～41.53 mg%, which is 42～45% higher than that in the control group. The sodium content was 23～54% less in the treated groups. The epidermis and vascular bundle tissue of kimchi fermented for 15 day was damaged more severely in the control group than in the treated group. CaL treated kimchi has a crispier taste and the development of sour taste was delayed. Therefore, addition of CaL can produces a kimchi with high calcium as well as superior texture and shelf-life, when adjusting the concentration according to the fermentation periods.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2016

This research investigates the effects of shrinkage reducing agent (SRA) on the mechanical behavior of strain-hardening cement composite (SHCC). SHCC material with specified compressive strength of 50 MPa was mixed and tested in this study. All SHCC mixes reinforced with volume fraction of 2.2% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and test variables are type and dosage of shrinkage reducing agents. The shrinkage reducing materials used in this study are phase change material as the thermal stress reducing materials that have the ability to absorb or release the heat. The effect of SRA was examined based on the change in length caused by shrinkage and hardened mechanical properties, specially compressive, tensile and flexural behaviors, of SHCC material. It was noted that SRA reduces change in length caused by shrinkage at early age. SRA can also improve the tensile and flexural strengths and toughness of SHCC material used in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2015

Basalt fiber has many advantages as a reinforcing fiber such as high tensile strength and similar density to concrete. This study investigated the bonding property and the effect of fiber orientation on tensile strength of basalt fiber. Single fiber pullout tests for basalt and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers were performed to evaluate the bonding property between basalt fiber and mortar. And then tensile strength of basalt, PVA, and polyethylene (PE) fibers according to fiber orientation were measured. From the test results, it was exhibited that the chemical bond, frictional bond, and slip-hardening coefficient of basalt fiber were 1.88, 1.03, 0.24 times of PVA fibers, respectively. And the strength reduction coefficient of basalt fiber was 9 times of PVA fiber and 3 times of PE fiber.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.170-174
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the antifungal and protective effects of water- and 70% methyl alcohol-extracts from spent mushroom substrate (WESMS and MeOHSMS) of Lentinula edodes, on Botrytis cinerea- the causative agent for gray mold disease in ginseng. MeOHSMS inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of Botrytis cinerea, by 75% and 95%, respectively. MeOHSMS could suppress gray mold disease of ginseng seedlings by 80% and effectively reduce the disease severity by 60%. Compared to the treatment of ginseng leaves with WESMS and DL-${\beta}$-aminobutyric acid (BABA), the MeOHSMS treatment increased the phenolic compounds in the leaves by 36% and 18%, respectively. These results suggest that the SMS extracts suppress gray mold disease in ginseng via dual functions: antifungal activity and increase in a plant defense factor-phenolic compounds.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.338-347
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• 2001

Cigarette smoking has a negative effect for nutrient intakes and nutritional status of antioxidant nutrients including vitamin C. This study has been performed to compare the dietary nutrient intakes, serum vitamin C concentration and serum cotinine concentration of smoking teenage girls(n=104) with those of non-smoking teenage girls(n=791). The subjects were 895 high school girls(15-19 years of age) living in a rural community in Korea. Of the subjects, 11.6% stated that they were currently smoking. The frequency of taking alcohol, soda and coffee was higher in smokers than in non-smokers, respectively. The usage rate of vitamin/mineral supplements was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. The smokers tended to skip breakfast and lunch and to take snack more often than did the non-smokers. The dietary intakes of calorie, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, calcium and iron were lower in smokers than in non-smokers. Daily mean intakes of these nutrients were less than the 2/3 of the Korean RDAs in smokers while these intakes were similar to or more than the RDAs in non-smokers. The ratio of under weight or lean tended to be higher in smokers. Serum vitamin C concentration was lower in smokers than in non-smokers. These findings show that smokers have unsound eating habits and poor nutirtional status. In particular, nutritional status of vitamin C is significantly poor in smokers, and this tendency can be found more notably in heavy smokers. Therefore, oxidative stress may be present in young teenage girls with short smoking history as evidence by above results. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 338∼347, 2001)

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of variations in the mix rate of PVA fiber and the replacement ratio of non-sintering Hwangtoh on non-sintering Hwangtoh mortar and concrete mixed with PVA fiber. For water to binder ratio, mortar and concrete were both 50%, and PVA fiber mix rate was 0% and 0.3%. The replacement ratio of non-sintering Hwangtoh was 0, 25, 50 and 75(%) for mortar, and 0, 15, 30 and 50(%) for concrete. The properties of the mortar and concrete were compared and analyzed in 4 different levels, and the results can be summarized as follows. The replacement ratio of 30% of the non-sintering Hwangtoh, and the PVA fiber mix rate of 0.3% is determined to result in concrete of high quality, including strength and fluidity, and crack control by plastic shrinkage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.656-661
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• 2005

The study was conducted to investigate per oral (PO) effects of Black raspberry wine on testosterone levels in Sprague-Dawley rats oral administrated with Methoxychlor in order to establish the experimental clinical model for evaluating the influences on the sexual hormones of SD-Rat administrated with Methoxychlor(MET), it was dissolved in acetone and olive oil (1:19), which was administrated orally at doses of 200mg/kg body weight/ day for 7days. Black raspberry wine of 13% alcohol concentration, was prepared from ripen fruits of Rubus coreanus fermented with Saccharomyces cervisiae. PO administration of Black raspberry wine for 15 week produced dramatic increases of serum testosterone levels. Increase in the testosterone level was observed, using gamma counter with 125I testosterone, starting from 1 week post administration. Maximum increase in testosterone level was observed at 4 week post administration, 5.18${\pm}$0.76ng/mL, which was 10.1 times higher than before and at 15 weeks post administration it was recorded as 1.67${\pm}$0.19ng/mL indicating Black raspberry wine as an effective phyto-testosteronic beverage of the future.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.309-328
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• 2011

In order to effectively attain the objectives of an organization, it is important for the leader to provide an environment where members can co-exist and mutually advance, and also to have an emotional impact on them. This study examines the structural relationship among emotional intelligence in leadership, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, turnover intention, and organizational performance effects of emotional leadership in the nursing profession of a general hospital. A structured questionnaire was sent to 550 nurses in 11 general hospitals in Seoul Metropolitan City, among which 350 responses were used in the analysis. The independent variable, emotional intelligence in leadership, was measured by 18 items, including self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness and relationship management. The dependent variable, organizational effectiveness, consisted of 46 items, including 15 items regarding organizational commitment, 20 items on job satisfaction, 3 items on turnover intention and 8 items on organizational performance. The structural equation modeling technique was used to identify the impact of emotional intelligence in leadership on organizational effectiveness. The results of the analysis show that the emotional intelligence in leadership of superior nurses has a significant impact on the nurses'organizational commitment and job satisfaction. While the direct effect on turnover intention and organizational performance was not significantly high, organizational commitment and job satisfaction were parameters in low turnover intention and high job performance. In conclusion, emotional intelligence in leadership is critical as nursing services in hospitals are based on interpersonal relationships. Therefore, by developing appropriate programs and training, hospitals can anticipate improved self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness and relationship management of nurses, and further improve the effectiveness of the nursing profession.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.485-495
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• 1992

The viscosities of organic compounds (alcohols, acetates, alkanes, acids, substituted $NH_2$) in liquid states, gas states and the binary mixtures of n-alkane / 1-chloroalkane were calculated by molecular modeling techniques. The molecular descriptors of molecular modeling technique are Molecular connectivity indices, Wiener indices and ad hoc descriptors, which can encode the information of compound properties about the effect of size, branching, cyclization, unsaturation, heteroatom content, polarizability, and so on. The successful results among method have been Molecular connectivity indices, binary mixtures of n-alkane / 1-chloroalkane, Wiener indices for gas state and ad hoc descriptor for liquid states. Also we obtained the regression equations for viscosities using molecular modeling indices for gas, liquid states and binary mixtures of n-alkane / 1-chloroalkane. The calculated viscosity values for organic compounds are in good agreement with experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2020

Objectives SJ004 is a natural herbal medicine that contains Acyranthes japonica Nakai and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver traditionally used for joint and spinal diseases. This study aimed to establish an efficient method of extracting SJ004 to standardize using the yield, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antioxidant assay. Methods SJ004 was extracted with distilled water, 70% and 100% of ethyl alcohol (EtOH). The method validation of 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside was determined by HPLC-photo diode array and the content of SJ004 was calculated. The antioxidant activity of each extract was compared and measured using total flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power according to the standard protocol. Results The yield was highest in pure water extract and lowest in 100% EtOH. But, the content of marker compounds indicating 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside was highest in 100% EtOH extract. In the physiological activity measurement using antioxidant activity, 100% ethanol extract was highest. The limit of detection indicating 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside were analyzed 0.33 ㎍/mL, 0.1616 ㎍/mL, and the limit of quantification were analyzed 1.01 ㎍/mL and 0.49 ㎍/mL respectively. Conclusions The experimental results showed that the extraction conditions have a significant effect on content of marker compounds and antioxidant activity. As a result of method validation, SJ004 was standardized by 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside.