• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

In this study, extracts from the Green ball apple peel (GBE) and the newly bred green ball apple from Korea showed inhibition effects on photo-aging factor regulation associated with skin aging. To investigate the inhibition effect on photo-aging factor regulation in skin, GBE was treated with UVB to induce photo-aging related factors in CCD986sk fibroblast cells. Photo-aging factor regulation effects showed that GBE inhibited UVB-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 protein synthesis in collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2), MMP-1, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 protein expression. The expression of COL1A2 and TIMP-1 protein was significantly increased. The mRNA expression levels of COL1A2, MMP-1, MMP-9, hyaluronan synthase (HAS)2, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and TIMP-1 were decreased by GBE. The expression of TIMP-1 and TGF-β, which are regulators involved in matrix metalloproteinase and type I procollagen expression, was found to increase with increasing expression of COL1A2. The expression of HAS2, which is involved in the production of hyaluronic acid, one of the structural proteins constituting the skin, was also confirmed. Therefore, GBE showed excellent efficacy against photo-aging factor regulation and could be used as functional material to prevent and treat skin aging.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.247-267
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• 2006

This paper formulates a monopolistic competition model by incorporating Leontief product function into Dixit and Stigliz model to analyze and compare the effects of two environmental policy instruments-fuel efficiency regulation and environmental tax-on a market which reflects characteristics of international vehicle market. As expected, both policy instruments raise equilibrium market prices. The effect of fuel efficiency regulation on firm output, the number of firms, and industry output, however, depends on three determinants-the increasing rate of the ratio of consumer expenditure to the income, the increasing rate of fixed cost, and the increasing rate of marginal cost. On the other hand, the imposition of the specific environmental tax reduces the firm output, but does not influence the number of firms. If these two instruments are assumed to lead to the same increasing rate of marginal costs, the environmental tax reduces the firm output as well as the industry output more than the fuel efficiency regulation. And it will induce more firms to exit the market than the fuel efficiency regulation if the increasing rate of the ratio of consumer expenditure to the income is larger than the increasing rate of fixed cost.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.948-956
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• 2013

This study investigated methods to improve the quality of Topokkidduk using grapefruit seed extracts and acid regulation agents. Topokkidduk was investigated in terms of its moisture, color, pH, texture, microbial composition, and sensory properties. The moisture content of Topokkidduk was highest for Topokkidduk supplemented with grapefruit seed extracts. The color of Topokkidduk (the L value) decreased, whereas the "a" value increased with the addition of grapefruit seed extracts. The texture of Topokkidduk was affected more by additives than storage temperature. The addition of grapefruit seed extracts and acid regulation agents were effective for the inhibition of microbial activity in Topokkidduk during storage. The overall acceptability values of Topokkidduk (without supplements) were highest among the samples. These results suggest that grapefruit seed extracts and acid regulation agents can be used to control microbial load and moisture levels in Topokkidduk.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Arts Education Studies
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-61
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• 2014

Recently, there is a discussion about culture theory in the area of traffic safety regulation. It has the view that the subject of criticism, etc. by drivers' regulation interpretation, awareness about the danger of regulation violation and nonacceptance of regulation can be changed according to the way drivers' cultural bias was formed. According to the culture theory, fundamental views of the world in particular social relations surrounding individuals, world view or cosmology, are formed and the world view makes an effect on individual behavior and attitude. In this context, cultural cognition and cultural learning theory which are suggested in Christoph Wulf's study on historical-cultural anthropology provide new approach toward this phenomenon. According to his insistence, core mechanisms which can explain cultural cognition and cultural learning are systematized by five things; physical characteristic, mimesis, performance theory, rite and image. The purpose of this research is to investigate the changes by the way Korean people cognize traffic regulations culturally and experiences of traffic regulation violation through the analytic frame of Christoph Wulf's five core mechanisms. To achieve it, cognition of traffic culture was analyzed by analytical phenomenology for drivers who had been educated due to their violation of traffic regulations. Value, lifestyle and practicing methods which are pursued by people work in sociocultural context rather than are influenced by cognitive structure of individuals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.32
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• pp.69-97
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of high school students' academic problems such as academic stress and low academic achievement on suicidal ideation and the mediating effects of individual-level risk factors (e.g., depression, aggression) and protective factors (self-esteem, emotion regulation) on the relationship between academic problems and suicidal ideation. This study used data of three waves(2005-2007) from the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS). The analyses were conducted on 2,093 academic high school students, who participated in this panel study. The results from structural equation modeling show that academic stress has positive effects on depression and aggression, but negative effect on self-esteem. Low academic achievement has positive effect on aggression but negative effect on self-esteem. Depression and aggression as individual-level risk factors have positive effects on suicidal ideation. In contrast, self-esteem and emotion regulation as individual-level protective factors have negative effects on suicidal ideation. The relationship between academic problems and suicidal ideation is mediated by depression, aggression, and self-esteem. Based on the study findings, practice implications for youth welfare are discussed to screen high-risk youths and to prevent adolescent suicide in advance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.536-547
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• 2020

This study analyzed the correlation between adolescents' smartphone addiction as well as depression, self-esteem, and self-regulation based on QEEG (Quantitative Electroencephalogram) analysis. The study period was from March 19 to July 12, 2019, and the subjects were 76 students at P Middle School in Gyeonggi-do (normal group 47, risk group 29) who filled out a questionnaire and were subjected to quantitative EEG. The data analysis was performed via frequency analysis, independent t-test, correlation analysis, and path analysis of the IBM SPSS Statics 21.0 program. First, smartphone addiction had a positive correlation with depression. Second, smartphone addiction showed a negative correlation with self-esteem and α wave. Third, depression showed a negative correlation with self-esteem, which did not show a significant correlation with self-regulation. Fourth, depression was higher in the risk group than the normal group. For self-esteem, the normal group scored higher than the risk group. Self-regulation showed higher significant differences with the normal group than the risk group. Fifth, for α wave and SMR, the normal group scored higher than the risk group. Sixth, α waves had a negative effect on smartphone addiction. This study is meaningful in that it applied a brain science approach using quantitative analysis for objective evaluation of smartphone addiction.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.167-183
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• 2016

This study has recognized easy payment service as one of the new types of application of information and communication technologies and proposed a modified acceptance intention model by adding perceived risk factor based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology(UTAUT) and then explored those variables that effect the acceptance intention of consumers. The results of this study can be summarized as the followings. First, expectation on the efforts, social impact have positive effect on the acceptance intention and perceived risk has negative effect on the acceptance intention but expectation on the efforts and promotion condition were found to have no effect on the acceptance intention. Second, among the factors suggested, social impact was found to have more effect of causing the acceptance intention of users than expectation on the efforts and perceived risk. Third, it was found that there is a significant association between the acceptance intention and use behavior of users of easy payment service. This means that, as was reviewed in the preceding researches, the acceptance intention affects actual acceptance behavior of users either directly or indirectly. Fourth, even though innovation resistance has regulation effect on the relationship between expectation on efforts or social impact and acceptance intention, it was found to have no regulation effect on the relationship between perceived risk and acceptance intention.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.473-478
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• 2022

In this study, we examined whether engeletin exerts an effect on the gene expression of MUC5AC mucin, in human pulmonary epithelial NCI-H292 cells. The cells were pretreated with engeletin for 30 min and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), for the following 24 h. The effect of engeletin on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway was also investigated. Engeletin suppressed the mRNA expression and production of MUC5AC mucin, induced by PMA through the inhibition of degradation of inhibitory kappa Bα (IkBα) and NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation. These results suggest engeletin inhibits the gene expression of mucin through regulation of NF-kB signaling pathway, in human airway epithelial cells.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2007

Objectives : FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI (FC) has been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. However, the effect of FC on the dendritic cells has not been determined. Methods : To examine the effect of FC on the immune response, we used several methods such as flow cytometric analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : 1. FC inhibited lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) such as down-regulation of MHC class II and CD40. 2. FC also inhibited uptake of FITC-Dextran in BMDC stimulated with LPS. 3. Furthermore, FC inhibited several kinds of cytokine production such as TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-12 in BMDC. Conclusions : These results suggest that FC plays pivotal role m the development of inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.420-424
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• 1996

Effects of exogenous veratryl alcohol addition on the growth of basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME-446 and the induction of lignin peroxidase activity were investigated in this study. The organism was grown in ligninolytic (low-nitrogen) culture conditions in which extracellular enzymes are produced. Analyses showed that a statistically significant decrease of cell growth was associated with the veratryl alcohol addition. The effect of veratryl alcohol addition on LiP activity was nearly instantaneous and this effect diminished with culture aging. The extent of this effect was different depending on the time of addition, which led to a speculation that there might be some other effector species which played a role in regulation of lignin peroxidase activity.