• Title/Summary/Keyword: Effect of Avoidance

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Packet Interference of Bluetooth Piconet Using an Adaptive Frequency Hopping and Advanced Adaptive Frequency Hopping Algorithm for Frequency Collision Avoidance in WPANs (WPAN 환경에서 AFH 알고리즘을 사용하는 블루투스 피코넷의 패킷 간섭과 주파수 충돌 회피를 위한 적응적 Frequency Hopping Algorithm)

  • Kim, Seung-Yeon;Lee, Hyong-Yoo;Cho, Choong-Ho
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.32 no.9B
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    • pp.604-611
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, we present an analysis of the throughput when there are multiple piconets and WLAN sharing the ISM bands. The analysis takes channel propagation characteristics and the capture effect. We also propose an algorithm which can be used to reduce the amount of channel scanning. By using traffic prediction of the interfering WLAN, we are able to maintain a reasonable performance in terms of fraction of time channel is wasted due to collisions or unused channel. Through computer simulation, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves reduced scanning frequency.

A Feasibility Study on the Outsourcing of Cataloging in the Libraries (목록 아웃소싱의 타당성 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Chung Hye-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.35-55
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    • 2005
  • This study attempts feasibility analysis of cataloging outsourcing. The economic analysis model based on information economics categorizes the benefit into direct benefit and value linking. We measure direct benefit by cost savings and cost avoidance, value linking by the degree of improvement in cataloging quality The results show that there is no feasibility overall, because librarians spent more time to control the quality due to vendor's lack of professionalism, resulting little effect on cost savings. When cataloging outsourcing is forcibly used under the economically infeasible condition, it is impossible to achieve the basic purpose of operating cost savings and improvement of service function.

The Effects of Argumentativeness, Verbal Aggressiveness and Communication Anxiety on Conflict Management Style (논쟁성향, 언어적 공격성, 커뮤니케이션 불안감이 갈등관리 방식에 미치는 영향)

  • Namgung, Eunjeong;Kim, Eun Jung;Kim, In-Yung
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.468-479
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    • 2014
  • This article examine the way in which communication-related variables such as argumentativeness, verbal aggressiveness, and communication anxiety have an effect on conflict management. Four hundred and four college students participated in this survey. The findings are as follows. First argumentativeness had positive effects on integrating, dominating, and compromising style, while negatively on obliging and avoiding style. Second verbal aggressiveness resulted in more of dominating style and less of avoidance. Third communication anxiety had positive effects on avoidance and obliging style and had negative effects on integrating and dominating style. These findings are coupled with further discussion and implication.

The Effect of Curiosity and Need for Uniqueness on Emotional Responses to Art Collaborated Products including Moderating Effect of Gender (독특성 추구성향과 호기심이 아트 콜라보레이션 제품에 대한 소비자의 감정에 미치는 영향: 성별에 따른 조절효과)

  • Ju, Seon Hee;Koo, Dong-Mo
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.97-125
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    • 2012
  • Companies recently introduce art collaborated products incorporating culture into a product. Art collaborated products include incorporating famous movies and/or design of an artist into a newly launched product. The introduction of art collaborated products are gradually increasing. However, research for this trend is relatively scarce. Although research concerning design has discussed a number of different factors as playing a role in influencing responses to design including culture, fashion, innate preferences, etc.), only limited attention has been paid to the processes by which consumers generate responses to product designs. People with different characteristics may respond differently. When people encounter these art products, they may become curious, may think that these products are unique, novel and innovative. People tend to show different levels of curiosity when they encounter new and novel objects, which they have rarely seen or experienced. Curiosity is defined as a desire for acquiring new knowledge and new sensory experience. Previous studies demonstrated that curiosity motivates individuals to engage in exploratory behaviors. People also show different levels of need for uniqueness, which is defined as being different from others or becoming distinctive among a larger group. Individual's need for uniqueness results from signals conveyed by the material objects that individuals choose to display. Recently, researcher have developed the need for uniqueness with three distinct constructs. These three concepts include creative choice, unpopular choice, and avoidance of similarity. Creative choice is a trait tendency of an individual by expressing or differentiating himself from others through consumptions of unique products. Unpopular choice is related to an individual's tendency to consume products, which deviates from group norms. Avoidance of similarity is linked to the avoidance of consumption behavior of products that are not famous. Past research implies that people with different levels of need for uniqueness show different motivational processes. Previous research also demonstrates that different customer emotions may be derived when consumers are exposed to these art collaborated products. Research tradition has been investigated three different emotional responses such as pleasure, arousal, and dominance. Pleasure is defined as the degree to which a person feels good, joyful, happy, or satisfied in a situation. Arousal is defined as the extent to which a person feels stimulated, active, or excited. Dominance is defined as the extent that a person feels powerful vis-a-vis the environment that surrounds him/her. Previous research show that complex, speedy, and surprising stimuli may excite consumers and thus make them more pleased and engaged in their approach behavior. However, the current study identified these emotional responses as positive emotion, negative emotion, and arousal. These derived emotions may lead consumers to approach and/or avoidance behaviors. In addition, males and females tend to respond differently when they are exposed to art collaboration products. Building on this research tradition, the current study aims to investigate the inter-relationships between individual traits such as curiosity and need for uniqueness and individual's emotional responses including positive and negative emotion and arousal when people encounter various art collaborated products. Emotional responses are proposed to influence purchase intention. Additionally, previous studies show that male and females respond differently to similar stimuli. Accordingly, gender difference are proposed to moderate the links between individual traits and emotional responses. These research aims of the current study may contribute to extending our knowledge in terms of (1) which individual characteristics are related to different emotions, and (2) how these different emotional responses inter-connected to future purchase intention of arts collaborated products. In addition, (3) the different responses to these arts collaborated products by males and females will guide managers how to concoct different strategies to these segments. The questionnaire for the present study was adopted from the previous literature and validated with a pilot test. The survey was conducted in Daegu, a third largest city in South Korea, for three weeks during June and July 2011. Most respondents were in their twenties and thirties. 350 questionnaires were distributed and among them 300 were proved to be valid (valid response rate of 85.7%). Survey questionnaires from valid 300 respondents are used to test hypotheses proposed. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to validate the research model. The measurement and structural model was tested using LISREL 8.7. The measurement model test demonstrated that consistency, convergent validity, and discriminat validity of the measurement items were acceptable. The results from the structural model demonstrate that curiosity has a positive impact on positive emotion, but not on negative emotion and arousal. Need for uniqueness has three different sub-concepts such as creative choice, unpopular choice, and avoidance of similarity. The results show that creative choice has a positive effect on arousal and positive emotion, but has a negative impact on negative emotion. Unpopular choice has a positive effect on arousal, but on neither positive nor negative emotions. Avoidance of similarity has no impact on neither emotions nor arousal. The results also demonstrated that gender has a moderating influence. Males show more negative emotion to creative and unpopular choices. Implications and future research directions are discussed in conclusion.

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studies of sadative and psychotropic actions of Zizyphi spinosi semen (산조인의 진정및 향정신작용에 관한 연구)

  • 김응찬
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.53-63
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    • 1971
  • A water-soluble basic extract was obtained from Zizyphi spinosi semen and tested on its sedative and psychotropic activities. In a 2.2m $\times$ 2.2m $\times$ 0.8m open-field, the effect of the extract on unlearned emotional responses of mice was determined. Intraperitoneal injection of 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, and 20mg/kg of the extract caused to show less often the frequency of ambulation, rearing and exploration and more the frequency of lying and sleeping than that of placebo control, meprobamate and chlordiazepoxide treated groups. In a standard shuttle box, the effect of the extract on learned emotional responses was determined. Intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg of the extract caused to show less conditioned response, secondary conditioned response and defecation than either placebo control or pre- and post-treated sessions with the extract throughout the acquisition and extinction of conditioned avoidance response. Intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg of the extract showed similar sedative actions with that of 1.25mg/kg of chlorpromazine. The extract shows major tranquilizer-like effect as chlorpromazine.

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Neuroprotective Effect of Ginseng radix on ICH-induced Rats

  • Jang, Kwan-Ho;Song, Yun-Kyung;Lim, Hyung-Ho
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.87-97
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    • 2005
  • Backgrounds: Intracerebral hemon-hage is one of the most devastating types of stroke. Ginseng radix, the root of Panax Ginseng, C. A. MEYER (Araliaceae), is one of the most famous medicinal herbs with various therapeutic applications. Objectives: In the present study, the effect of aqueous extract of Ginseng radix on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuronal cell death in rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: Step-down avoidance task, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used for this study. Results: The present results show that hemorrhage-induced lesion volume and apoptotic neuronal cell death in the striatum were significantly suppressed by treatment with Ginseng radix, resulting in enhancement of short-ten-n memory. Conclusions: We have shown that Ginseng radix has a neuroprotective effect on stroke, and aids the recovery from central nervous system sequelae following stroke.

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The Relationship among Participation Motivation, Flow, and Problem Gambling in Bicycle Racing: Moderated Mediation Effect of Visit Frequency (경륜 장외발매소 이용자의 도박동기, 몰입, 문제도박과의 관계에서 이용빈도의 조절된 매개효과)

  • Lee, Soyoung;Choi, Hyejin;Yoon, Suin;Choi, Soonlye;Lee, Hongjik;Yun, Seungtae
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.659-674
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to verify the path of the motivation, the flow, and problem gambling and intervention points. To this end, we verified the mediation effect of the motivation of the users outside sales offices influences the problem gambling through a flow and the moderated mediation effect of the frequency of the use of a bicycle racing tracks in that process. A total of 411 cases were analyzed using surveys conducted for one day on a weekday and weekend (September 13th and 15th 2018) for adults using an outside sales office in Jangan. According to the analysis, the causality of gambling by gambling motivation(amusement, excitement, avoidance, society, money) showed its effect positively by mediating the flow. The adjusted effect of the frequency of the use on the intermediary effect of the motivation ${\rightarrow}$ flow ${\rightarrow}$ problem gambling behavior, which is the main concern of this study, was found to be statistically significant. More specifically, the effect of adjusting the frequency of the use was statistically significant in both paths: motivation/flow and flow/problem gambling. It was also shown that, in the model with excitement, avoidance and social motivation, the adjustment of the frequency was only significant in the causal relationship between the flow and problem gambling. Based on these findings, this study made clinical and policy suggestions for intervention for gamblers and user protection regulations.

Effect of Memory-enhancing Herbal Extract (YMT_02) on Modulating Pentraxin, PEP-19 and Transthyretin gene Expression in Rat Hippocampus (육미지황탕가미방에 의한 흰쥐 기억력 향상과 관련된 Hippocampus 부위의 특이 유전자 발현에 대한 연구)

  • Sim Dea Sik;Rho Sam Woong;Lee Jin Woo;Lee Eun A;Cho Chong Woon;Bae Hyun Su;Shin Min Kyu;Hong Moo Chang
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.684-692
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    • 2003
  • The herbal extract(YMT_02) is a modified extracts from Yukmijihwang-tang(YMJ) to promote memory-enhancing. The YMJ extracts has been widely used as replenishing yin and tonifying the kidneys herbal medicine for hundred years ia Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to: 1) quantitatively evaluate the memory-enhancing effect of YMT_02 by passive avoidance test, 2) statistical evaluation of candidate gene expression (pentraxin. PEP-19, transthyretin) in rat hippocampus. The hippocampi of YMT_02 and control group were dissected and mRNA was further purified. After synthesizing cDNA using oligo-dT primer, the cDNA were applied to Real Time PCR. The results were as follows : 1) passive avoidance test showed enhancing memory retentin by YMT_02 treatment, 2) expression of pentraxin, that accelerate degenerating of neuronal cell, was significantly decreased, 3) the mRNA of genes that has been known to be associated with protecting neuronal cell degeneration, such as PEP-19 and transthyretin, were significantly increased upon YMT_02 treatment. From above results, the administration of YMT_02 which tonify the function of Kidneys could enhance the ability of memory and learning. In addition, the administration of YMT_02 enhance memory retention through modulating particular gene (pentraxin, PEP-19, transthyretin) expressions in hippocampu.

Anti-amnesic and Antioxidant Effect of Bunsimgieum (Fenxinqiyin) on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice (Scopolamine 유발 기억력 손상 마우스 모델에서 분심기음의 항산화 및 기억력 감퇴 억제 효과)

  • Han, Da-Young;Yu, Ok-Cheol;Kim, Sang-Ho;Chung, Dae-kyoo
    • Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.221-235
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm the anti-amnesic effects of Bunsimgieum (BSGE) through its favorable acetylcholine (ACh) and, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNA expressions, and antioxidant effect on scopolamine (Sco)-induced memory impairment in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Six groups, a total of 20 intact or 100 Sco-induced mice were used in this study, based on their body weight. Half of each group underwent passive avoidance tests and the measurement of hippocampus AChE activity, ACh content, and ChAT mRNA expression, The remaining half of each group underwent a Morris water-maze test and antioxidant defense system measurement as well. Results: Significant reductions in the step-through latency times from the passive avoidance test and reductions in the escape latency times from the Morris water-maze test were observed with increases of hippocampal AChE activities and, reductions in ACh contents and ChAT mRNA expression in hippocampus, as a result of Sco intraperitoneal treatment, in this study. Additionally, the increases in cerebral cortical MDA levels and, reductions in GSH contents, SOD activities, and CAT activities were demonstrated in the Sco control mice compared with the intact vehicle control mice, respectively. However, 28 days of consecutive oral pre-treatment of BSGE hot water extracts of 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg, respectively, markedly and dose-dependently inhibited Sco treatment-related amnesia. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the oral administration of BSGE hot water extracts reduces Sco-induced memory impairment, through preserving ACh, related to ChAT mRNA expressions, causes AChE inhibition, and enhances the cerebral antioxidant defense system.

Paeonia Radix decreases Intracerebral Hemorrhage-induced Neuronal Cell Death via Suppression on Caspase-3 Expressionin Rats

  • Kim Ho-Jun;Kim Sung-Soo;Lee Jong-Soo
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.95-107
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    • 2004
  • Objective : The inappropriate or excessive apoptosis has been known to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders including intracranial hemorrhage(ICH). Paeoniae radix, in traditional Korean medicine, has played its role as blood­nourisher and yin-astringent. In the present study, the effect of Paeoniae radix on the inhibition of neurodegeneration in the brain of rats after artificial ICH and on the resulting apoptosis was investigated. Methods : 30 rats were divided into 6 equal groups ; the sham-operation group, the hemorrhage-induction group, the hemorrhage-induction with 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg Paeoniae radix-treated group, respectively. Stereotactic surgery was performed and collagenase was infused to induce ICH in the region of CA1 of hippocampus of rats. The sham group took only saline infusion. For 7 days after the surgery, 4 testing groups had intraperitoneal injections of Paeoniae radix extract. The step-down inhibitory avoidance task, measurement of neurodegeneration degree in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and detection of caspase-3 and newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus were done after animal sacrifice. Results : Rats receiving Paeoniae radix extract showed increased latency time in the inhibitory avoidance task. The extension of neuron-deprived areas in the CA1 region was significantly suppressed in the Paeonia treated groups. Also expressions of caspase-3 in the CA1 region and cortex were significantly inhibited in the Paeonia treated groups. The cell proliferation was evaluated by means of BrdU methods and proved to be decreased in the Paeonia treated groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that Paeoniae radix has potential to suppress short-tenn memory loss after devastating neurologic accidents. Also it was proved that Paeoniae radix has a neuroprotective effect and alleviates central nervous complications following intracerebral hemorrhage. Furthermore, it may imply that this medicinal plant can be widely used for vascular dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders.

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