• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.294-300
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• 2001

Effect of bean water concentration and incubation time of Yukwa paste as well as packaging method on the quality of Yukwa was investigated. Quality loss in Yukwa during storage was dependent on the packaging method such as bamboo packaging at $30^{\circ}C$, nitrogen packaging at $30^{\circ}C$ and LDPE packaging at $-18^{\circ}C$. Peroxide value increased with bean water concentration, but showed no significant difference by incubation time. The hardness of Yukwa decreased with the increase of bean water concentration, incubation time, and storage time but showed no significant difference by packaging method. Sensory evaluation after storage for 3 months showed that Yukwa color was significantly influenced by packaging method and bean water concentration. The volume was also significantly influenced by bean water concentration and incubation time. Off-flavor showed significant difference by storage method. Tenderness, taste and overall desirability showed significant difference by bean water concentration. Crispness showed significant difference by storage method and bean water concentration.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.135-146
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• 2003

This study examines the relationship between instruction using ICT and the students' moral judgement and academic achievement in ethics course in a middle school, and analyses the difference of learning effects according to gender. For the purpose of this study, the two hypotheses are established. One is that there would be a significant difference in learning effect between ICT instruction groups and teacher-centered instruction groups. The other is that there would be a significant difference in learning effect between male groups and female groups. This study sampled 144 students of four classes from the first graders of a middle school in Taejon. For experimental treatment, this study designed two instructional programs: ICT-using instruction and teacher-centered instruction. ICT-using instruction program was applied to two classes(72 students), and teacher-centered instruction program to the other two classes(72 students). The experimental design of the study was the pretest-posttest control group design. As a result of this study, the ICT-using instruction program influenced positively the students' moral judgement and its improvement. Concerning the degree of academic achievement, there was no significant difference between the ICT-using groups and the teacher-centered groups. The sex distinction among ICT-using groups does not make any significant difference in the moral judgement and academic achievement.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tensor fasciae latae length on the rotation of pelvis during one leg stance. Methods : 41 healthy adults participated in this study. The movement of the pelvis and trunk was measured using 3-dimensional motion analyzer, during one leg stance. The movement of the pelvis and trunk was collected lateral shift, rotation, side bending, and flexion-extension. Tensor fasciae latae length of subjects was measured in sidelying positon with neutral position of hip joint and flexion $90^{\circ}$ of knee. Also, the range of motion of hip exteral and interal rotaion were measured in prone position wih lexion $90^{\circ}$ of knee. The subjects were separated 2 groups that more pelvic rotation group(n=15) and less pelvic rotation group(n=15) according to the degree of pelvic rotation. Results : The more pelvic rotation group was showed significantly higher in the ROM of hip external rotation than less pelvic rotation group(p<0.05). The difference of tensor fasciae latae length not showed significant difference between groups. During one leg stance, The movement of the shifting and flexion-extension of trunk and pelvis were not showed significant difference. But the side bending and the rotation of pelvis and trunk showed significant difference between groups. Conclusion : The difference of tensor fasciae latae length not showed significantly in more pelvic rotation group and less pelvic rotation group. But, this study suggests that the pelvis instability brings the instability of the trunk during one leg stance.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2002

This study was a quasi-experimental study of nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest design to investigate the effect of aerobic walking exercise program on the physical & psychological functions of home stayed stroke patients. The data were collected during the period of May 20th to August 15th, 2001. The subjects for this study were 40 hemiplegic stroke patients with the experimental group consisting of 19 patients and the control group being composed of 21 patients. The patients selected for this study were: (a)living in J city who had been diagnosed with stroke and at home after being discharged from the hospital, (b)suffering from stroke for 6 months to 5 years, (c)without recognition disorder with the MMSE-K score above 25, (d)below 2 on the modified Ashworth scale, (e)free from heart and pulmonary disease (f)able to walk beyond 15 minutes for themselves. The aerobic walking exercise program for the experimental group was aerobic exercise and education and supportive care. The aerobic exercise was 8 weeks' period, three times a week, 35 to 50 minutes a day. And the education and supportive care was consisted of one home visiting and 2 times telephoning a week. The data were analysed by $X^2$-test, paired t-test and unpaired t-test and ANCOVA through SAS/PC program. The results of the study were as follows: 1. There was insignificant difference in the gait length experimental and control group. There was significant difference in the gait speed between the two groups. 2. There was significant difference in the dynamic valance between the two groups. 3. There was significant difference in ADL score between the two groups. 4. There was no significant difference in the depression between the two groups. As shown above, the results of 8 weeks' the aerobic walking exercise program for home stayed stroke patients produced positive effects on gait speed, dynamic valance, ADL score. And this program was expected that it was more effective in different intervention period, verified program. Also it was needed follow study.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of leg lift difference on the serratus anterior muscle and the upper trapezius muscle when a subject with winged scapula performs a scapula protraction exercise in a four-leg crawling posture. Method: Twenty normal adults and 20 subjects with winged scapula participated in the experiment. Surface EMG recordings were collected from serratus anterior muscle and back trapezius muscle during scapula protraction exercises. Scapular winging is measured with the lifting distance of scapula retraction to the back using an electronic digital caliper. In two groups of four-leg crawling posture, the two legs support, the dominant leg lifting, and the non-dominant leg lifting, including the scapula protraction, were performed. To examine the difference between groups in the variance analysis, the Bonferroni correction was used (significance level ${\alpha}=.017$). Statistical significance level ${\alpha}$ was .05. Results: There was a significant difference in serratus anterior muscle and upper trapezius muscle during push-up plus exercise in leg lifting in four-leg crawling posture, but there were no significant differences in muscle activity between serratus anterior muscle and upper trapezius muscle, and there was no significant difference according to the presence or absence of scapular winging. Conclusion: For the shoulder stability of the ipsilateral side with the serratus anterior muscle, the leg-lifting posture is effective in the four-leg crawling, and also when a subject with winged scapula chooses an exercise, lifting the ipsilateral side of leg with scapula protraction exercises at the same time may have a positive effect on scapula dysfunction.

• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of task-oriented exercise and abdominal muscle contraction using functional electrical stimulation (FES) on abdominal muscle thickness and balance of stroke patients. Methods: Ten stroke patients who met the selection criteria were assigned randomly into two groups of five. One group received FES therapy before task-oriented training (experimental group), while the other group received a FES placebo before task-oriented training (control group). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the groups, and the Wilcoxon Signed-ranks test was used to compare differences between the groups before and after intervention. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the rate changes of each item before and after intervention, between the two groups. Results: In the rectus abdominalis and external oblique muscle thickness tests that used ultrasound, there was a statistically significant difference in the experimental group (p<.05),but no significant difference in the control group (p>.05). There was also a significant difference between the groups (p<.05). In the Balance test that used the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and timed up and go test (TUG), there was a statistically significant difference in the experimental and control groups (p<.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups (p>.05). Conclusions: FES therapy before task-oriented training increases the thickness of abdominal muscles and improves balance abilities.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2018

For the main variables to be selected by the designer for the heating and cooling load calculation in greenhouses, in order to evaluate the effect of these design values on the heating and cooling load, the simulations were carried out by varying the respective design values. Based on these results, we proposed the design values which should pay special attention to selection. The design values which have the greatest effect on the heating load were the overall heat transfer coefficient of the covering material and the design outdoor temperature was next. The effect of the design values according to the number of spans showed little difference. In the case of the single-span greenhouse, the effect of the design values related to the underground heat transfer can not be ignored. However, in the case of the multi-span greenhouse, the effect of the design values related to the underground heat transfer and the infiltration rate were insignificant. The design values which have the greatest effect on the cooling load were the solar radiation into the greenhouse and the evapotranspiration coefficient, followed by the indoor and outdoor temperature difference and the ventilation rate. The effect of the design values showed a great difference between the single-span greenhouse and the multi-span greenhouse, but there was almost no difference according to the number of spans. The effect of the overall heat transfer coefficient of the covering material was negligible in both the single-span greenhouse and the multi-span greenhouse. However, the effect of the indoor and outdoor temperature difference and the ventilation rate on the cooling load was not negligible. Especially, it is considered that the effect is larger in multi-span greenhouse.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1450-1456
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• 2003

Three-dimensional pipe flows with elbows, tees and headers in three different pipe systems are calculated to estimate the effect of asymmetry of axial velocity profile and swirl on measuring accuracy of an orifice flowmeter. It is evaluated how the pressure difference across the orifice is dependent on the upstream straight pipe length and how swirl intensity, swirl angle, and axial velocity distribution affect the measuring error of the orifice flowmeter. From the results, it is found that variation of the pressure difference across the orifice is negligible in case that maximum swirl angle is less than 2$^{\circ}$, and also that the pressure difference across the orifice is more sensitive to the asymmetry of axial velocity profile rather than the swirl intensity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 2008

Sequential Sensitivity Analysis (SSA) and conditional stimulus model have been developed to describe sequence effects in difference tests and proposed to generate prediction of differences in sensitivity between various test protocols and to assist the appropriate selection of difference test. Yet, such models did not furnish a complete explanation of the relative sensitivity in 4 different versions of 3-alternative forced choice (AFC) tests where various interstimulus rinses were introduced. In the present study, the vector of the contrasts between various conditional stimuli were measured using same-different and 2-AFC and a new 16-distribution conditional stimulus model was developed by refining Lee and O'Mahony's contrast model. This new model gave superior predictions than previous models.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1989

In order to investigate the mechanical properties such as tensile, bending, shearing, thickness and weight of the wool fabrics were measured by KES-F system. Samples were classified into blend ratio, weave type, fabric count. Blend ratio was classified into two groups, which are P/W blended fabric (p=63~65%, w=35~37%) and all wool fabric. Weave type was classified into four groups, which are plain, 3 harness twill, 4harness twill, satin. Cloth count was classified into three groups, which are loose, medium, tight. Statistical analysis was performed using T-test, F-test. The results were as follows; 1. There was significant difference in the thickness, tensile, bending, shearing according to the blend ratio. 2. According the weave, there was significant difference in the bending, weight and thickness in the P/W blended fabrics. There was significant difference in the tensile, weight, thickness, bending, shearing, shearing hysterisis (2HG) in the all wool fabrics. 3. There was significant difference in the shearing properties according to the fabric count.