• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10653-10658
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• 2015

Background: A very high incidence of lung cancer is observed in Mizoram and Manipur, North East India. We conducted a population based case control study to establish associations of p53 codon 72 polymorphisms and interactions with environmental factors for this high incidence. Material and Methods: A total of 272 lung cancer cases and 544 controls matched for age (${\pm}5years$), sex and ethnicity were collected and p53 codon 72 polymorphism genotypes were analyzed using a polymerase chain based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We used conditional multiple logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for confounding factors. Results: p53 Pro/Pro genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer in the study population (adjusted OR=2.14, CI=1.35-3.38, p=0.001). Interactions of the p53 Pro/Pro genotype with exposure to wood smoke (adjusted OR=3.60, CI=1.85-6.98, p<0.001) and cooking oil fumes (adjusted OR=3.27, CI=1.55-6.87, p=0.002), betel quid chewing (adjusted OR=3.85, CI=1.96-7.55, p<0.001), tobacco smoking (adjusted OR=4.42, CI=2.27-8.63, p<0.001) and alcohol consumption (adjusted OR=3.31, CI=1.10-10.03, p=0.034) were significant regarding the increased risk of lung cancer in the study population. Conclusions: The present study provided preliminary evidence that a p53 codon 72 polymorphism may effect lung cancer risk in the study population, interacting synergistically with environmental factors.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.485-515
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• 2009

In this study aims to research and analyze what are decision factors between a wholly-owned subsidiary and a international company cooperation in the internationalization process. From 57 primary studies found 26 observed variables for aggregation of effect size in the using "Fixed Effect Model" on this mata-analysis. The article also links the theories that are used in the literature, not considered in the most of primary studies, to the empirical results and recommends global management strategy which is needed for business practical affairs. According to the result, the meta-analysis suggests that the number of employees of a MNC, the geological and cultural differneces between the host country and home country, the country-specific international experience of the MNC and export intensity, the international product diversification, the market growth and the market size of the foreign operations, and resource intensity of the foreign operations, the legal restrictions in the host country and the country risk of the home country do exert a significant effect on the decision between cooperative arrangement and a wholly-owned subsidiary. Conversely, for a large number of variables, no significant relationship seems to exist based on the combined results. This is the case, for example, for factor specificity, the r&d-intensity, the subsidiary size, the assets of the MNC and the sales volume of the MNC.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.145-159
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify the preceding factors that form pro-social tourism behavior intent in a pendemic situation and to present theoretical and practical implications for the role of individuals for a safe tourism environment. Design/methodology/approach - This study conducted an analysis by collecting 420 valid questionnaires targeting citizens who have lived in Korea continuously for more than one year. For the analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a structural equation model (SEM) were used, and a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) and a multi-group structural equation model (MSEM) were used to verify the difference by age group. Findings - First, cognitive and affective risk perception for Covid-19 had a significant (+) effect on the ascription of responsibility to tourists, and affective risk perception and ascription of responsibility had a significant (+) effect on personal norms. Second, personal norms have been shown to have a significant (+) influence on prosocial tourism behavior intention, and prosocial tourism behavior intention has a significant (+) influence on WTP on safety tourism. Research implications or Originality - Tourism behavior in a pendemic situation can affect the spread of infection. In this respect, this study attempted to confirm how moral norms affect pro-social tourism behavior from a personal point of view. In addition, we tried to present practical implications by identifying the impact of personal norms on willing to pay for a safe tourism environment.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.346-359
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• 2018

Currently, dramatic change had led to the growth of the distribution environment and the retailer's distribution channel. This change had shifted the 'single channel' to 'multi channel', and from 'cross channel' to 'omni channel'. While fashion companies using omni channel are rapidly growing, few research regarding omni channel had been done in academic field. In this study, we examined the influence of omni channel characteristics on consumers' perceived risk as well as consumers' perceived risk toward attitude and intention to use omni channel. We surveyed 696 male and female respondents aged 20 to 40 who lived in Seoul and the metropolitan area. Using AMOS 20.0, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation model analysis were performed to verify the model of this study. The results were as follows. First, omni channel's instant connectivity, location-based provability, interactivity, and entertainment factors did not decrease impacts on the perceived risk related to privacy and annoyance. Second, omni channel's instant connectivity and entertainment did not increase effects on the perceived financial risk, and location-based provability and interactivity did not increase effect on perceived financial risk. Third, the perceived risk concerning omni channel did not decrease on consumer attitude toward omni channel. Fourth, consumer attitude toward omni channel influenced the intention to use omni channel significantly.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2024

Objectives: This study is purposed to investigate the effect and safety of laser therapy for stroke patients by systematic review and meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: RCTs on the treatment of laser therapy for stroke patients were selected among the literature published from January 2000 to June 2022 in twelve domestic and foreign databases. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool and RevMan 5.4 was used for the synthesis of results. Results: Total 2,598 patients with stroke were finally selected from 18 RCTs. Meta-analysis showed that laser therapy was effective in significantly improving activities of daily living (MBI), motor function (effective rate), upper motor function (FMA-UE), shoulder pain related factors (CGRP, ET-1, BK). Overall, the risk of bias was uncertain or low in the quality assessment of the literature. Conclusions: Although it is unclear that laser therapy is more effective than sham laser, laser therapy might be more effective in improving symptoms than conventional rehabilitation alone. Furthermore, no serious adverse events were founded in laser therapy studies. However, the quality of the selected literature was generally low. Therefore, further studies with high methodological quality on laser therapy for stroke patients would be required in the future.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.979-991
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of oral health belief and metabolic syndrome on CPITN. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 847 adult visitors over 20 years old in Busan from August 1 to December 31, 2011. Except incomplete answers, 776 data were analyzed by t-test, one way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 20.0 program. The questionnaire comprised general characteristics of the subjects, oral health behavior, and metabolic syndrome related risk factors. Results: There was statistically significant difference of an oral health belief rating between the groups receiving oral health education. Community periodontal index had statistically significant difference depending on smoking and waist circumference. To analyze related factors of community periodontal index, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. As the final outcome, gender, age, benefit, salience, scaling experience, experience of oral health education, and related factors and metabolic syndrome were shown to impact on significant influence (p<0.05). Conclusions: Thus, To manage the effective oral health, it is necessary to control the factors of metabolic syndrome and oral health.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2020

본 연구는 사회교환이론과 혁신확산이론을 바탕으로 크라우드펀딩 투자자의 투자 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들 간의 상관관계를 확인하고, 가치공유가 위험 인지, 커뮤니케이션과 개인 혁신성과의 관계에서 신뢰의 조절 효과 분석을 포함하여 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 최종적인 목적은 연구 결과를 통해 개인적 차원으로 크라우드펀딩 투자자들의 투자 동향을 파악하고, 크라우드펀딩의 프로젝트 게시자들이 목표로 하는 자금조달을 달성하기 전략을 구체적으로 수립하는데 도움을 주고자 함이다. 실증 분석을 진행하기 위해서 크라우드펀딩에 참여했던 경험이 있는 20대 이상을 대상으로 온라인 설문 조사를 실시하여 총 228부의 설문지를 회수하여 불성실한 답변 42부를 제외한 총 186부의 응답으로 최종 분석을 하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 26.0과 Smart PLS 3.0을 통해 구조방정식 모형으로 경로 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과로 프로젝트 게시자와 투자자 사이의 가치 공유는 투자자가 인지하는 위험에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 커뮤니케이션은 프로젝트의 몰입 수준과 투자자 개인의 혁신성에 긍정적인 영향을 보여주었으며, 투자 의도에 있어서 몰입 또한 유의한 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 조절 효과 분석 결과 신뢰는 가치 공유와 위험 인지 사이의 관계에서만 유의한 결과를 보여주었다. 이는 투자자들이 프로젝트 게시자와 가치를 공유한다는 것은 크라우드펀딩에 참여하고자 하는 동기 유발의 요소이며, 위험을 인지하게 되는 계기라고 볼 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구를 통해 크라우드펀딩 투자자의 투자의도와 개인적 차원의 요인들을 실증적으로 파악하여, 크라우드펀딩 영역의 이해관계자들이 투자자를 유치하는 전략 수립이나 마케팅 방안 등에 실무적으로 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.141-157
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• 2024

창업이나 창업의도에 관한 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 창업의도에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인 중에서 창업실패두려움에 초점을 두고 진행했다. 특히 MZ세대를 대상으로 창업실패두려움에 영향을 미칠 요인으로 재정적, 심리적, 행동적 요인을 설정하였다. MZ세대 200명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하여 구조방정식으로 실증 분석하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 재정적요인(가용자금부족), 심리적요인(위험회피, 스트레스회피)은 실패두려움에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 행동적요인(힘든일회피)과 실패두려움간의 유의성은 검정되지 않았다. MZ세대의 창업실패두려움에 영향을 미치는 영향력의 크기는 스트레스회피, 위험회피, 가용자금부족 순으로 나타났다. 창업실패두려움은 MZ세대의 창업의도에 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 창업실패두려움은 심리적요인(위험회피, 스트레스회피) 및 행동적요인(힘든일회피)과 창업의도간 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 재정적요인인 가용자금부족과 창업의도간 매개효과는 검정되지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과는 창업의도 관련 연구에서 보다 세밀하게 분석을 했다는 점에서 학술적인 의의가 있다. 또한 MZ세대의 창업의도를 증진시키기 위해 실패에 대한 두려움을 제거할 수 있는 요인에 대한 실무적인 시사점을 제시했다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

Purpose: COVID-19 has negatively influenced the financial performance of restaurant firms. Previous literature suggests that the franchising strategy effectively helps restaurant firms recover from difficult business conditions through various methods for expanding business size and enhancing business efficiency. According to risk-sharing theory, restaurant franchisors may minimize operational risks by sharing the risks with their franchisees. For instance, restaurant franchisors could generate more stable cash flow using franchise fees from their franchisees. However, research on the effect of franchise's risk reduction factor on business performance during pandemic is scarce. Thus, this study aims to examine the positive moderating effect of franchising between COVID-19 and restaurants' financial performance. Research design, data, and methodology: Panel data including financial information and franchising status of restaurant firms were collected for analysis. In order to control for unobserved firm-specific factors, generalized least squared estimation in fixed effects model was conducted. Huber-White robust standard errors were used to deal with heteroscedasticity issues. Results: It was found that COVID-19 pandemic has a negative effect on the restaurants' financial performance such as ROA (return on assets), ROE (return on equity), and PM (profit margins), which confirms the findings from existing literature. More importantly, results show that the degree of franchising has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between COVID-19 and financial performance of restaurant firms. This suggests that more active engagement in franchising may decrease negative impacts of COVID-19 on the restaurants' financial performance. Conclusions: The study supports existing literature related to risk-sharing theory, by confirming that pandemics, such as COVID-19, negatively affect financial performance of the restaurants. Furthermore, it was found that franchising strategy can help lessen negative impacts of pandemics on the firm performance. These findings can contribute to the franchise and restaurant management literature by suggesting the role of franchising in reducing business risks, thereby positively affecting financial performance. Moreover, this study offers business managers of franchisors and franchisees insights for utilizing franchising in restaurant risk management. Policymakers may also gain information on aiding restaurant firms during global crisis, such as COVID-19.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3447-3453
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• 2016

Background: Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is highly fatal disease with poor prognosis, with a 5 year survival rate of <10%. It is relatively rare cancer worldwide; however it is the sixth cancer and second most common gastrointestinal tract cancer in Nepalese women. The study focused on associations of certain demographic, lifestyle, dietary, and reproductive factors with gall bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a hospital-based matched case control study on newly diagnosed cases of primary GBC at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences and BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital. Controls were healthy non-GBC relatives of cancer patients, matched for age, sex and marital status (in case of females) with cases at a ratio of 1:2. Data were collected between April 2012-April 2013 by semi structured interview from both cases and controls. Analyses were carried out with SPSS. Conditional logistic regression was used to find odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 50 cases and 100 controls were enrolled in this study. On bivariate analysis, factors found to be significantly associated with gallbladder cancer were illiteracy (OR=3.29, CI=1.06-10.2), history of gallstone disease (OR=27.6, CI=6.57, 115.6), current smoker (OR=2.42, CI=1.005-5.86), early menarche <13 years (OR=2.64, CI=1.09-6.44), high parity more than 3 (OR=3.12, CI=1.25,7.72), and use of mustard oil (OR=3.63, CI=1.40, 9.40). A significant protective effect was seen with high consumption of fruits at least once a week (OR=0.101, CI=0.03-0.35). On multivariate analysis, history of gallstone disease, early menarche, current smoker and high consumption of fruits persisted as significant factors. Conclusions: History of gallstone disease, cigarette smoking and early menarche were associated with increased risk of gallbladder cancer while high consumption of fruits was found to have a protective effect.