• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.155-179
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• 2008

Multiplication problems for the 7th curriculum focus on functional realms featuring the memorization and application of the multiplication table, exposing learners only to additive thinking characterized by simple counting and drawing. A diversity of research has yet to be conducted for the transition to multiplicative thinking that highlights the capability to solve problems by using multiplication and division in the expanded number scope like 'prime numbers', 'fractional numbers', and 'ratio/rates' and to describe accurately how they solved. This research was designed to develop and utilize teaching-learning materials for the transition of fifth graders' additive thinking to advanced multiplicative one and to analyze the application results in order to identify validity in material development. The following conclusions were made. First, the development and application of teaching-learning materials for multiplicative thinking cultivation facilitated the transition from additive thinking featuring simple counting and drawing to multiplicative thinking characterized by multiplication and accurate description in a more complicated and expanded number scope. Second, the development of materials featuring 'basic'-'intermediate'-'in-depth' courses by activity enabled learners to benefit from learning by level and expansion in number scope. Third, the use of topics and materials closely connected to daily lives stimulated learners' curiosity, helping them concentrate more on given problems. Fourth, communication between teachers and students or among learners themselves was promoted by continuously encouraging them to explain and by reviewing their documents identifying rules or patterns.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.133-173
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• 2011

Since mid-1960s the reports from the Surgeon General, the World Health Organization, and other health experts state that there is no risk-free level exposure to smoking and secondhand smoke. Tobacco smoke is made up of more than 7,000 chemicals. Hundreds are toxic, and at least 70 are carcinogens. The chemicals in tobacco smoke reach smoker's lungs quickly every time smoker inhale causing damages immediately. Inhaling even the smallest amount of tobacco smoke can also damage smoker's DNA, which can lead to cancers. Smoking is responsible for more than 87% of lung cancers, but there are a host of other chronic diseases directly related to exposure to tobacco smoke. It's also a major cause of heart disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease and most of the other diseases. In the United States, each year with more than from 440,000 to 520,000 deaths caused by smoking and exposure to involuntary smoke. They conclude that smoking is the single most important source of preventable morbidity and mortality. The United States of America have about 60-year history of tobacco litigation. Tobacco litigation has been an important tool in tobacco control strategies aimed at limiting the activities of tobacco companies and providing redress to people who have become ill as a result of their use of tobacco products. Tobacco litigation is a kind of tort litigation. Quite often, as in the asbestos and other mass tort litigation episodes, tobacco litigation can play an educational role, warning the public about the magnitude of health risks that might otherwise be less clearly perceived. Tobacco litigation allows smokers, their families or other victims of smoking to sue tobacco companies in order to be compensated for the harm they have suffered. Potential benefits of tobacco litigation include compensation for smoking-related damages, strengthening regulatory activity, publicity, documents disclosure and changing tobacco industry behavior. And also tobacco litigation can limit the political activities of tobacco industry, protect human rights of smokers and non-smokers, increase burden to tobacco price-up and enhance the effects of law and politics in public health.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.101-113
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• 2007

The period of military personnel service will be phased down by 2014 according to 'The law of National Defense Reformation' issued by the Ministry of National Defense. For this reason, the ROK army provides discrimination education to 'newly recruited privates' for more effective individual performance in the on-the-job training. For the training to be more effective, it would be essential to predict the degree of achievements by new privates in the training. Thus, we used data mining techniques to develop a classification model which classifies the new privates into one of two achievements groups, so that different skills of education are applied to each group. The target variable for this model is a binary variable, whose value can be either 'a group of general control' or 'a group of special control'. We developed four pure classification models using Neural Network, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayesian. We also built four hybrid models, each of which combines k-means clustering algorithm with one of these four mining technique. Experimental results demonstrated that the highest performance model was the hybrid model of k-means and Neural Network. We expect that various military education programs could be supported by these classification models for better educational performance.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.343-354
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• 2007

This study is to provide basic materials for the purpose of maximizing satisfaction of university students with campus life and ensuring competitiveness of university by establishing educational conditions to make university students adapt themselves to campus life, enhancing their satisfaction with campus life and making and executing improvement methods of areas showing low satisfaction with campus life and selects 210 students studying dental hygiene at C university in Jeonnam region as subjects of research and as a result of examining their satisfaction with campus life and department using questionnaire, the following conclusions are obtained. 1. Subjects of research are 39.6% at the first grade, 38.1% at the second grade and 22.3% at the third grade, 51.0% of subjects graduated from academic high school, 70.3% lived in lent house or dormitory, 85.6% had normal health state and 60.4% had good personal relationship with schoolmates. 2. On information of dental hygiene before admission, 50.5% of subjects had it a little. On the Source of information in selecting department, 21.8% was through internet, on the period of selecting department, 33.2% was before application and on motivation of selecting department, 33.2% was because of good employment. 3. On satisfaction with this university, 46.0% answered normal, 34.2% answered they were dissatisfied with university and reasons of such a dissatisfaction were environment around school at 23.3% and scholarship and welfare system at 21.3%. On academic results, 58.4% marked average. On club activity, 82.7% didn't join in any club activity and on their current great trouble, 53.5% answered passing national qualification examination. 4. On satisfaction with department of dental hygiene, 57.4% answered that they were satisfied with their department and 19.3% were dissatisfied with it. On reasons of their dissatisfaction with department, 35.4% answered it was because of poor facility and 20.8%, difficult curriculum. On requirements of professors at department of dental hygiene, 51.5% wanted to have personal contact with their professors. 5. On motivation of employment, 50.5% was for economic reason. On areas desired, 44.1% was dental clinic and on standard of choosing job, 40.1% was job with high salary. On period of employment desired, 75.7% said they wanted to continue to work. 6. There were significant differences at satisfaction with campus life according to grade(p<0.01) and between campus life and satisfaction with department depending on health state(p<0.05). 7. There was statistically significant difference in satisfaction with department according to academic results(p<0.05).

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2002

In accordance with the fast changing circumstance, universities are now reaching, beyond the education place of simple delivery of knowledge and exchange of information, to a place of developing a specialty program related with the region and industry to achieve a competitive edge in education. Through these academic-industrial collaboration program, special knowledge and human resources in the university are utilized in the society and it may contribute to the development of industry and breed of career people based upon the real job site can be achieved. In addition, through the practical operation of such developed program, university may contribute to the enhancement of the competitiveness of the corporation to the activation and acceleration of the regional economy and finally to the enhancement of competitiveness of national industry in international level. This study tries to develop 3 technical instruction and support program related with the legion and industry which may conform to the ideals of university and its goal of education and can provide a platform for the education that is closely related with the regional industry and real job site iud may cope actively with the upcoming knowledge society and fast changing regional circumstances. This study will make research and analyze needs of design support from the industry in order to develop a academic-industrial cooperative design support program for the furniture industry which conforms to the regional characteristic and feature and develop and present contents of program in three area of development of furniture design technology, build-up of furniture design information system and establishment of order based education system. The proposed program is supposed to be operated practically and effectively and contribute to the development of new product, to enhancement of company image and finally to the maximization of corporate profit. Also this study is epected to be used as an important material for establishment of order-based education system which confirms to the job site needs that may be analysed from feedback of product results and for practical learning.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.127-153
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of peer tutoring on mathematical inclination and mathematical communication ability of peer tutor. For the purpose of this study, research questions were established as follows: 1. How does peer tutoring affect to the mathematical inclination of peer tutors? 2. How does peer tutoring affect to the mathematical communication ability of peer tutors? To answer the research questions, four 5th grade peer tutors were selected for qualitative case study in an elementary school located in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do. Before and after 11 weeks of peer tutoring in their mathematics classes, mathematical inclination, mathematical communication ability of peer tutors were examined. For qualitative analysis, peer tutors were asked to complete worksheets, self-evaluation, journal for their peer tutoring in daily basis during the experiment. By comparing the scores in mathematical inclination test and mathematical communication test before and after the treatment and analyzing the data gathered for qualitative analysis, the conclusions were drawn as follows: First, Peer tutoring has positive effects on the mathematical inclination of peer tutors. Scores for mathematical inclination of peer tutors after the treatment increased and qualitative analysis showed positive change in their attitude toward mathematics. Second, Peer tutoring has positive effects on the mathematical communication ability of peer tutors. Scores in the performance assessment for mathematical communication ability of peer tutors after the treatment increased. Also qualitative analysis showed that peer tutors tried to develop various ways to solve a problem and explained them to their peer tutee sophisticatedly.

• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.119-139
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze students' misconception in the teaming of the conic sections with the cognitive and pedagogical point of view. The conics sections is very important concept in the high school geometry. High school students approach the conic sections only with algebraic perspective or analytic geometry perspective. So they have various misconception in the conic sections. To achieve the purpose of this study, the research on the following questions is conducted: First, what types of misconceptions do the students have in the loaming of conic sections? Second, what types of errors appear in the problem-solving process related to the conic sections? With the preliminary research, the testing worksheet and the student interviews, the cause of error and the misconception of conic sections were analyzed: First, students lacked the experience in the constructing and manipulating of the conic sections. Second, students didn't link the process of constructing and the application of conic sections with the equation of tangent line of the conic sections. The conclusion of this study ls: First, students should have the experience to manipulate and construct the conic sections to understand mathematical formula instead of rote memorization. Second, as the process of mathematising about the conic sections, students should use the dynamic geometry and the process of constructing in learning conic sections. And the process of constructing should be linked with the equation of tangent line of the conic sections. Third, the mathematical misconception is not the conception to be corrected but the basic conception to be developed toward the precise one.

• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.357-374
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• 2008

The complex number system is supposed to introduce first chapter in the first grade of high school. When number system is expanded to complex numbers, the main aim is to understand preservation of algebraic structure with regard to the flow of curriculum and textbook. This research reviewed overall alternative articulation and treatment of textbooks from a logical viewpoint. Two research questions are developed below. First, in the structure of the current curriculum, when we consider student's 'level', how are the alternative articulation and treatment of textbooks in complex unit on a logical point of view? Second, What are more logical alternative articulation and treatment? What alternative articulation and treatment are suitable for a running goal? and what are the improvement which is definitive?

• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.401-422
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• 2008

In the current school curriculum, an alternative assessment method which focuses more on the problem solving process rather than the final solution is being investigated. The goal is to evaluate students' understanding of the subject. A descriptive evaluation is being suggested as a way of examining the thought process of the students by a structured analysis of the problem solving process. But currently, there are not enough descriptive problems available for teachers to effectively carry out the alternative assessment method in the elementary school mathematics curriculum. In this research, we surveyed 197 elementary school teachers in Seoul to determine the status of descriptive evaluation in elementary school mathematics and to understand the teachers perception about the new assessment method. The goal of the survey was to find an effective implication of the new assessment method in elementary mathematics classes. The research showed that the elementary teachers use this assessment method about 4 to 7 times per month in their classes. They give descriptive problem test anytime they think it is appropriate during the Instruction of the topic. More than 90% of the teachers were using this assessment method to improve students' creativity and mathematical thinking. The teachers in the survey also commented that the teachers' administrative responsibility should be reduced and that the school environment in general should be improved for the new assessment method to be successful. Finally the study also showed that development of more descriptive problems in each grade level is needed to progress the new assessment method.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to survey its characteristics through analyzing brain-wave activity in the scientifically-gifted and general children in the problem-solving process. The subjects of this study were 6 elementary school students, who are attending the institute of education for the gifted belonging to the regional office of education and 6 general children in the same region. The analysis was performed targeting total 12 people. As the task for measuring brain wave is Hanio tower, it is the effective task of researching into the problem-solving process. As the equipment of measuring brain wave is EEG System, it used equipment that was developed in Australia. The analysis of data was minimized noise. As a result of research, the gifted children are excellent in stable level compared to general people in a stable situation with opening the eyes, thereby being able to be known to be high in preparatory level for learning. This can be seen to be indicated as a result that the effect of learning is excellent due to being high in preparatory level for solving problem. Also, even in the process of performing task, the brain-activity level in the gifted children is high, thereby having been able to know that ${\alpha}-wave$ is formed that is significantly high in the regions of frontal lobe and occipital lobe. Accordingly, given developing task that is high in brain activity level of the gifted children, the higher educational effect will be able to be expected.