• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.36-50
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate quantity food production practices in foodservices by analysing the menus of April, 1996, The questionnaire was developed and responded to by 96 dietitians in Sangju, Munkyung, Gumee, Kimchun, and Andong during November, 1996. The survey was performed by simple random samplings. The results were as follosw; 1. Hospitals and industry served food for thirty days and schools for twenty days. Kimchi was a select-menu for hospitals and one side dish for industry and schools. The type of menu was a single use menu which consisted of cooked rice, soups and three side dishes. 2. The most frequently used ingredients were green onions, rice, carrots, onions, Korean radish roots, pork, eggs, glutinous rice, and milk. Kimchis were served most frequently in all food services and cooked rices and soups were next. 3. The age of most of the respondents was 26 to 30.54.2% of subjects were juniou college graduates and 77.1% were single. Fifty seven point three percent of the dietitians lived with family relatives, or friends. 87.5% of the dietitians had been working for 1 to 5 years. 4. Most foodservices were self-operated. The number of meals served was determined by meal coupon counting in hospitals(37.5%), meal board counting in industry(29.2%), and attendance card counting in schools(41.1%) The cost of sales per meal was approximately 2,450 won in hospitals and was approximately 1,100 won in industry and schools. The average number of days per menucycle was 7.4 in hospitals. 10.3 in industry and 25.5 in schools. Hospitals, industry, and schools held about 118, 265 and 263 recipes respectively. The average number of dietitians was 2.6 in hospitals and 1.0 in industry and schools. Except for the number of recipes, the general practices of foodservices were significantly different(P<0.05). 5. In the general quantity food production, food and seasonings measuring was hardly done. the percentage of foodservices using chemical seasonings was higher in hospitals and industry than in schools. the most important concern was taste, Registered cooks were employed in 75% of schools but only 50.0% in hospitals and 20.8% in industry. Most of the dietitians respinded that their cooks skill was not bad. The education of unregistered cooks was performen once or two times a month in hospitals and industry, and in schools performed everyday. The problem when educating cooks was the lack of cooking skill of the dietitians in schools, and the lack of time in hospitals, and the negative attitude toward education in industry. The method for improving cooking in all foodservices was OJT, or the extension of education facilities and the development and dissemination of standard recipes. The frequency of throwing away leftovers was higher in hospitals. But in industry, the frequency of saving leftovers was higher. 6. Though all foodservices have standard recipes, the number that used them was low, Another problem is that standard recipes resulted in leftovers. The inconveniences of using standard recipes were the difficulty of applying standard recipes to various numbers of customers the complication of use, or facility insufficiency.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.74-104
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• 1986

This study aims at investigating the correlation between such variables as a child's family circumstance and personality and that of the child's mathematical ability. For the objects of the study five hundreds and sixteen students (male 273, female 243) were andomly selected from the fifth grade primary school students in the city of Seoul. For the tool of measure the investigation of Korean family circumstances with particular characteristics, the personality test by Chong Pom Mo and Kim Ho Kwon, and the intelligence test by Lee Sang Ro, Chin Whal Kyo and Pyon Chang Jin were employed. For the statistical analysis S. A. S. C., the statistical analysis package of KAIST was employed. The resutis of the test can be summarized as follows. The correlation between the variable of family Circumstance and that of mathematical alility 1) In case of the significance level 0.05 the education of the childs mother and the order of the child's birth have much to do with the perception speed. In case of the significance level 0.1 it makes some difference in the child's perception spead whether the clild's mother has a job or not. 2) In case of the significance level 0.05 the education of the child's father and mother, the father's job and the type of habitation have influence on the child's perception of space. 3) In case of the significance level 0.05 the education of the child's father and mother, the father's job, the order of the child's birth, the type of habitation, their religion, and their cultural, and economic standard have influence on the child's ability of inference. 4) In case of the significance level 0.05 the education of the child's father and mother, the father's job, the type of habitation, their religion and their cultural and economic standard have influence on the child's ability of calculation. 5) In case of the significance level 0.05 any variable of the child's family circumstance has nothing to do with the child's memory. In case of the significance level 0, 1 the type of family and the type of habitation have effect on the child's memory. 6) In case of the significance level 0.05 the education of the child's parents, the jobs of the parents, the type of habtation, their religion, and their cultural and economic standard have influence on the child's linguistic notion. The correlation between the variable of the child's personality and that of the child's mathematical ability 1) In regard to the priority of the variables influencing the child's perception speed, the child's discretion comes first in order, and then sociability and impulsiveness of the child. 2) The child's discretion has effect on the child's space perception. 3) The child's discretion has effect on the child's ability of inference. 4) In regard to the child's ability of calculation the child's discretion comes first in order, and then impulsiveness and sociability of the child. 5) The child's discretion has effect on memory. 6) The child's discretion has effect on the child's linguistic notion.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.656-659
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• 2015

최근 구글과 모질라에 의해 개발되고 있는 새로운 브라우저 표준인 '서비스워커'로 인해 미래의 사용자들은 즐겨 찾는 웹 사이트들을 오프라인 상태에서 이용할 수 있을 것으로 전망된다. 구글에서는 웹 사이트가 사용자의 요청에 항상 응답하도록 만드는 새로운 브라우저 표준을 개발하고 있다. 서비스워커는 사용자의 브라우저에 오프라인 작업을 할 수 있는 공간을 확보해 웹 사이트가 각종 문서 정보를 저장하고 필요한 리소스를 제공한다. 그리고 브라우저와 서버 사이의 데이터 교환작업을 크게 줄여주기 때문에 웹 페이지의 속도가 빨라진다. 웹앱을 오프라인에서도 쓸 수 있는 네이티브 앱처럼 만들어줄 뿐아니라, 설치하지 않고도 실행되는 기존 웹앱의 특성도 더욱 강화해 준다는 점에서 파괴력이 높은 기술이다. 서비스워커 규격은 웹앱 사용 경험을 매우 향상 시킬 수 있으며 향후 플랫폼으로 발전해 가는 웹의 버전을 보여주는 혁신적인 기술이다. 서비스워커는 HTML5 최종 표준안에는 포함되지 않았으나 현재 표준화작업이 계속 진행 중에 있다. 향후 서비스워커 기술이 웹 브라우저에 적용이 되면 어떠한 일들이 펼쳐질지 기대해 본다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.464-476
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• 1999

This study was conducted between October 1, 1998, and December 31, 1998, in order to provide basic data to develop better self-management educational programs for systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) patients. In the study, the extent of each patients knowledge on the disease and their learning needs about it were examined for 100 lupus inpatients and outpatients at the Kangnam St. Marys Hospital. Data were collected by using questionnaires to those patients. Frequencies, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncans multiple range test were examined through the SAS program. The result of study follows : 1) The average score of patients knowledge on the disease was 15.7 (range, 7-20; standard deviation, 2.74). Subjects scored higher as far as the extent of their knowledge in the following categories : management of daily life, diet, characteristics of the disease, risk factors, and medication. Two categories shared the highest percentage of correct answers : 99% of subjects correctly identified that fatigue and stress aggravate symptoms of lupus and symptoms of lupus vary among individuals in range and type. However, when subjects were asked if patients should get a regular examination by an ophthalmologist every 4-6 months while they are on medication to treat rashes, lupus can be completely cured, and contraceptives that include a female hormone (estrogen) are good as contraceptive methods, the percentages of correct answers were low (32%, 31%, and 20%, respectively). In terms of subjects knowledge about the disease by their general characteristics, single subjects had more knowledge about the disease than married subjects did (t=2.14, p=0.0353). The extent of knowledge also varied by monthly income (F=4.96. p=0.0097). Those with more formal education had more knowledge about lupus than those who had less formation education did (t=2.95, 0.0039). Additionally, those who were satisfied with their education about the disease had better knowledge about it than those who were dissatisfied with their education did (t=2.71, p=0.0090). 2) The extent to which lupus patients wanted to be educated about the disease was, on average, 64.5 (range, 46-75; standard deviation, 7.91). Areas for which patients requested education are listed here in order : risk factors, sexual lives and patients associations. Patients who had been hospitalized demonstrated wanting more education than those who had not been did(t=3.73, p=0.0003). The extent to which they wanted the information was different by the number of educational sessions they had (F=3.98, p=0.0249). In conclusion, the results above would be considered when the education programme is planned for SLE patients.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2021

본 연구는 간호대학생의 표준주의 지침에 대한 지식, 인지도 및 도덕적 민감성과 표준주의 수행 정도와의 관계를 파악하고, 표준주의 지침 수행에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 D광역시에 소재하는 2개 대학에 재학중인 201명이었다. 자료수집을 위한 설문조사는 2019년 12월 2일부터 12월 20일까지 실시되었다. 자료분석은 SPSS/21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression을 이용하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 표준주의 지침에 대한 지식, 표준주의 지침에 대한 인지도, 도덕적 민감성과 표준주의 수행정도는 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 표준주의 수행에 영향을 미치는 요인은 표준주의 인지도(β=.78, p<.001)였으며, 설명력은 60.5%로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 간호대학생의 표준주의 수행을 높이기 위해서는 표준주의 인지도를 변화시킬 수 있는 효율적인 교육프로그램 개발이 요구된다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2013

Before Outcome-based curriculum reform, medical graduate school and medical schools of korea need to understand limit or threshold of outcome-based education's point of view. This article examines the multi-dimensional concept of competence suggested by Stoof and colleagues and discusses about implication for outcomebased education in medical education of Korea. Because Stoof and colleagues's five dimensions of competence reveal various concepts and educational methods of competence. Therefore, It is possible to use to identify the strengths and weaknesses of outcome-based education of Korea as a reference standard. Five dimensions of competence suggested by Stoof and colleagues is consist of 'personal vs. task characteristics,' 'individual vs. distributed competence,' 'specific vs. general competence,' 'levels of competence vs. competence as a level,' and 'teachable vs. non-teachable.' Implication for outcome-based education in medical education of Korea is, first, that It should recognize to outcome-based education as a one of educational models approaching to competence. Second, discussion about competence should be expanded from pre-medical education to graduated medical education and continuing medical education.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.295-319
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• 2016

이 연구는 중국 어문교육의 일환으로 시행되는 독서교육과 초등학생 필독목록 고찰을 목적으로 진행되었다. 2011년 제정된 어문교육과정표준의 교과외독서목록과 중국 교육부 추천의 2012년과 2015년의 초등학생 필독목록을 조사 및 비교 분석하고, 나아가 교과외독서목록과 2종의 교육부 추천 필독목록을 비교 분석하였다. 2종의 필독목록 조사 결과 장르별로 동화류와 과학도서류가 많았으며, 나라별로 영국도서가 많았으며, 교과외독서목록과의 비교 결과 해외도서와 중국저자의 반영률이 높았으며, 당대문학작품류와 과학류의 반영이 높았음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 중국저자와 중국 동화 및 당대 문학작품 등에 대한 연구와 다양한 주제에 대한 연구와 추천을 제안하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2016

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has previously been used by water industry to treat high salinity wastewater. In this study, an anoxic-oxic biofilm-membrane bioreactor (AOB-MBR) system has been developed to treat mustard tuber wastewater of 10% salinity (calculated as NaCl). To figure out the effects of operating conditions of the AOB-MBR on membrane fouling rate ($K_V$), response surface methodology was used to evaluate the interaction effect of the three key operational parameters, namely time interval for pump (t), aeration intensity ($U_{Gr}$) and transmembrane pressure (TMP). The optimal condition for lowest membrane fouling rate ($K_V$) was obtained: time interval was 4.0 min, aeration intensity was $14.6 m^3/(m^2{\cdot}h)$ and transmembrane pressure was 19.0 kPa. And under this condition, the treatment efficiency with different influent loads, i.e. 1.0, 1.9 and $3.3kgCODm^{-3}d^{-1}$ was researched. When the reactor influent load was less than $1.9kgCODm^{-3}d^{-1}$, the effluent could meet the third discharge standard of "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard". This study suggests that the model fitted by response surface methodology can predict accurately membrane fouling rate within the specified design space. And it is feasible to apply the AOB-MBR in the pickled mustard tuber factory, achieving satisfying effluent quality.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to research about the effects on improvement academic achievement of students based on the core learning standards of science. The researcher selected experimenter and started this study as a graduate student who is majoring in science education, experimenter chose to study 48 Sixth graders in elementary schools in B city for research group(24 students), Comparison group(24 students). The study was conducted from March to the end of July 2014. The teacher who is doing activity of professor in research group and the comparison group is science education specialist. Researcher and experimenter frequently exchange their opinions for control variables of teacher. The results are as follows. First, based on unit time strategies based on core achievement standards classes are effective in improving students' academic achievement. Elementary school teacher has difficulty in teaching for all subjects based on unit time strategies. Second, based on unit time strategies based on core achievement standards classes showed high level of satisfaction in perception of students. Thus it can be seen that teaching strategies of unit time based on the core achievement standards is effective to academic achievement improvement. The proposal for further study based on the results is as follows. First, research is needed to study the teaching methods that have practical and theoretical study time and lesson application opportunity for teaching strategies of curriculum unit time. Second, experimental studies that using strategies of unit time based on the core achievement standards are needed about learning method that can be applied in a variety of subjects.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.229-244
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to do surveys of the state of health and dental health behaviors of higher grade students in elementary school and their mothers, to investigate the relationship of students' dental health, and to apply those results to the systematic and efficient dental health care. The subjects were totally 618 people, including 309 elementary school students in 4th, 5th, or 6th grades and their mothers in Pusan. The questionnaires were used as instruments, which were made by the researcher and related with other preceeding studies. The content validity of the instruments was tested by two professors of nursing. Dental checking were conducted by an expert of dental sanitation, according to the standard of the World Health Organization. The period of collecting data was 20 months from October 20th to December 20th in 2000 and the collected data were analyzed by SAS program and classified as the real number, the percentage, the mean, the standard deviation, t-test, and F-test. In conclusion, there is no significant correlation between grades and treated or treatment-needed permanent teeth. There is the highest significant correlation between treated or treatment-needed permanent teeth and students' dental health behaviors. There is high significant correlation between mothers' dental health behaviors and students' dental health behaviors. Also, There is significant correlation between mothers' state of dental health and students' state of dental health. From the results of this study, the students' dental health behaviors are the most important variables in the students' state of dental health. But both boys(9.48) and girls(9.97) get the low marks on the total mark 15 about brushing, which can be self-controlled. Therefore, the developments of dental health guidance in education about dental health by mothers or the educational courses in schools, such as brushing educations by the experts, dental health education, brushing after lunch, or the various equipments in brushing, should be accomplished. Above all, behavior-centered education should be conducted instead of knowledge-centered education.