• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3-13
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• 2013

The converted accident rates that included in Pre-Qualification (PQ) are to evaluate the results of accidents which have occurred. Therefore, it is demanded the development of proactive evaluation contents to evaluate the safety management activities and efforts on construction companies. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the establishment of proactive evaluation contents at public construction project in Korea through the collected and analyzed the PQ documentation applied by public agencies in Los Angeles, USA. The results indicated that diverse reactive safety evaluations are implemented to examine accidents which occurred in past projects such as occupational health insurance, regulation violation. And also, when the accidents occurred, it is evaluated the proactive safety management actions such as safety education, accident prevention programs, and safety management plans are reflected on the evaluation. Thus, if proactive safety related evaluation contents are established and reflected in PQ examinations together with diverse existing reactive safety evaluations considering converted accident rates, not only the existing function of converted accident rates can be reinforced but also businesses' active safety management activities can be induced and decreases in the construction industry's accident rate can be expected.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.51
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• pp.117-135
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• 2010

The regulation of media concentration which is provided in the German Interstate Treaty on Broadcasting (RStV) is part of the rules forming the "positive broadcasting order" required by German Constitutional Law. This control ensures that the diversity of viewpoints can be articulated to the public. Broadcasting must operate independently from the state and from particular social groups if it is to be a genuine service to the public. One risk of economic competition in the media is a tendency towards the concentration of business enterprises. Moreover, economic competition is no guarantee for journalistic diversity. The aim of balanced diversity in the broadcasting sector can only be pursued by creating conditions under which different voices obtain the chance to be heard in an equitable manner. Within the framework of the meaning of section 26, it shall be assumed that there is a predominant impact on public opinion if the programs attributable to one company reach an annual audience share of 30 percent. The same shall apply if the company reaches an audience share of 25 percent and holds a dominant position in a related media-market or an overall assessment of its activities in television. The restriction of audience shares has limits such as that the audience shares of news programs and education and entertainment programs are pooled. Therefore, there is a vagueness about the productivity of different program branches.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to look into the influential factors on the care-workers-perceived job stress level according as the elderly-perceived satisfaction varies depending on care workers' organizational characteristic & attitudes toward work, and there's necessity of reducing their job stress. Hereupon, this study, targeting the care workers at domiciliary visit care centers in Seoul district, analyzed the influential factors of organizational factors consisting of the sub-factors, such as job autonomy, compensation, education and development, members' interrelationship, etc. on the perception level of job stress. As a result of analysis, it was found that the shorter their working hours, the more their salary, the more guaranteed their job autonomy, and the better their interrelationship is, the care workers at a domiciliary visit care center had a positive perception of job stress. Accordingly, the operators of domiciliary visit care centers are requested to have a lot more concerns for diverse forms of improvements which can not only improve care workers' working conditions, such as daily working hours and a pay level but also promote a sense of fellowship between members; in addition, it is hoped that the operators should improve the organizational environment so that care workers can freely carry out their assigned business with a sense of responsibility rather than relying on control and regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.709-716
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• 2018

In 2017, there was an accident in which a cadet onboard training was killed. This cadet worked 12 hours a day. No regulation has yet been laid down to define hours and breaks for interns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the working status of commissioned training, the satisfaction survey of commissioned training, and to improve the treatment of commissioned trainees. The survey was conducted on students commissioned from merchant vessels, and 461 respondents answered the questionnaire. The results of the survey are as follows. First, 43.0 % of cadets said that they worked 10 hours a day on average, regardless of the vessel type, and 35.2 % said that the average rest time was 8 hours. 15.6 % of respondents said they had worked more than 12 hours. Unreasonable order cases deviating from the purpose of education were "making ramen, working at rest time, instruction of dangerous work, making night snack and private errands." Second, the satisfaction level of cadets who practiced on LNG carriers was high, while the satisfaction level of cadets on bulk carriers and container carriers was low. It was confirmed that the ship's size, ship's age, working hours, rest time and training support costs had little minor effect on educational satisfaction. Lastly, 56.8 % of the cadets answered 'commissioned training is like work.' Based on the results of the questionnaires, we proposed the following improvement methods; providing legislation for working hours and rest time for commissioned training cadets, protection system against violence and sexual harassment and victim protection. This study focuses on the working and rest time of merchant ship's cadet and it is meaningful to investigated the onboard training satisfaction by ship's type, size and age.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Enhanced machine reliability has dramatically reduced the rate and number of railway accidents but for further reduction human error should be considered together that accounts for about 20% of the accidents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to suggest a new taxonomy of performance shaping factors (PSFs) that could be utilized to identify the causes of a human error associated with railway accidents. Four categories of human factor, task factor, environment factor, and organization factor and 14 sub-categories of physical state, psychological state, knowledge/experience/ability, information/communication, regulation/procedure, specific character of task, infrastructure, device/MMI, working environment, external environment, education, direction/management, system/atmosphere, and welfare/opportunity along with 131 specific factors was suggested by carefully reviewing 8 representative published taxonomy of Casualty Analysis Methodology for Maritime Operations (CASMET), Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM), Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), Integrated Safety Investigation Methodology (ISIM), Korea-Human Performance Enhancement System (K-HPES), Rail safety and Standards Board (RSSB), $TapRoot^{(R)}$, and Technique for Retrospective and Predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors (TRACEr). Then these were applied to the case of the railway accident occurred between Komo and Kyungsan stations in 2003 for verification. Both cause decision chart and why-because tree were developed and modified to aid the analyst to find causal factors from the suggested taxonomy. The taxonomy was well suited so that eight causes were found to explain the driver's error in the accident. The taxonomy of PSFs suggested in this study could cover from latent factors to direct causes of human errors related with railway accidents with systematic categorization.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.633-643
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• 2009

Objectives : This study is aimed to help the dental hygiene department students to improve their adaptive ability to the field work by letting them know the performing levels required of the job world, by renovating the knowledge-centered curriculum, and by finding out the core competencies needed for successfully performing their duties and tasks in the work field. Methods : The survey tool was recomposed through the examination of the preceeding studies on basic vocational competencies and skills, and the survey has been done to 200 dentists in Seoul and Gyunggi provice. Results : 1. As for the job-getting routs, 35.1% of them finds their jobs through the job portal sites, and 21.3% through the recommendation by professors. So we can see the meaningful difference in the employment ways. 2. Dental hygiene clinics think that the purpose of their cooperation with the colleges is mainly to secure human resources by requiring the colleges to give field-centered education the colleges through. 3. The clinics for dental hygienic students' field learning have a great power for hiring the students. So it is necessary to set up a good management system of the clinics for dental hygienic students' field learning in order to reinforce the students' competitive power in getting jobs. 4. The priorities in basic working abilities needed for the task performance are in the order of vocational responsibility, self-managing & developing ability, interpersonal skill, and problem solving ability. 5. The core competencies required of those who graduate from dental hygiene school show the following scores by Likert measurement; good personality and vocational consciousness 2.16(${\pm}.677$), understanding power of major-related knowledge 2.19(${\pm}.723$), field adapting ability 2.31(${\pm}.748$), get-along-with ability 2.32(${\pm}.799$), interpersonal skill 2.42(${\pm}.768$), and self-development ability such as getting certificates 2.43(${\pm}.729$). Among the core competencies, the only meaningful factor which influences on their satisfaction measurement has been identified as the professional ability related to the major. Conclusions : The results suggest that the knowledge and skill related to the major are core competencies of able human resources and closely related with the professionality of the job, and so they are very important. However, job basic abilities are also proved to be important, which reinforce the students' activeness, self-regulation, and creativeness, and help them to pursue their lasting growth in their abilities.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate elementary school children's awareness on children's favorite foods and their consumption behavior of the foods. This study also focused on the association between the variables and gender/grade. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with direct interview among three hundreds and six elementary school children (188 boys and 118 girls) from 13 schools of a city of Korea, using a structured questionnaire. Among the overall proportion, more than 20% of the respondents did not know children's favorite foods and/or have no information source on the foods. More than 60% of the respondents consumed children's favorite foods more than 1 to 2 times a week. Only 16% respondents got information on children's favorite foods at home and 37% at school. There were significant correlations (p < 0.05) between gender/grades and knowledge/route of information on children's favorite foods. Boys had more knowledge than girls (p < 0.05), however they showed worse attitude on children's favorite foods and consumed more the foods. The higher grade children had more knowledge, better attitude and various routes of information on children's favorite foods (p < 0.05), but consumed more the foods. The results of this study indicate that there is a discrepancy between knowledge and attitude/behavior. This study also indicate that school food-service program and food hygiene/safety education in school and at home should be improved. Strong implementation of laws for regulation of selling adulterated food around elementary school may be another step in controlling consumption of the food by school children.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2020

Objective : The present study aims to investigate differences in anger-related features in patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) compared to healthy controls, and to examine whether anger trait and anger regulation strategy are associated with clinical characteristics in patients with SSD. In addition, we examined the relationship between childhood adversity and SSD. Methods : 26 patients with SSD and 28 healthy controls were included. Anger-related features were assessed with State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Clinical somatic symptoms were assessed using the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and the Somatosensory Amplification Scale. Childhood adversity was assessed by the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale. Multivariate analysis of covariance was performed. Results : Disease status of SSD had a significant overall effect on anger-related features (Wilks λ=0.725, F(5, 44)=3.332, p=0.012). Patients with SSD showed a significantly high Trait-Anger (p=0.017) and they had a high score in both Anger-Out (p=0.013) and Anger-In (p=0.001) of anger expression styles. In particular, a directed inward style of anger expression was significantly associated with somatization symptom severity (p=0.003). Regarding childhood adversity, more childhood extreme illness was experienced by the SSD group than the control group (p=0.012). Within the SSD group, childhood extreme illness was associated with higher Trait-Anger (p=0.027) and Anger-Out (p=0.001). Conclusion : The present findings suggest that trait anger, anger expression styles, and childhood adversity of extreme illness may be involved in SSD. Further studies are needed to explore the role of anger-related features and its relationship with childhood adversity in the pathophysiology of SSD.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-70
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of RESPECT-Music, which measures personal, social and cultural function of music, and to examine the correlation between the measured RESPECT data and the data measured from other scales for emotions. A survey was conducted with two separate groups of undergraduate students. Exploratory factor analysis with sample A (N=212) and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analyses with sample B (N=296) were conducted. The result of exploratory factor analysis generated 10 factors as influential factors in music use, which was the similar results to the original scale: background, values, focus, dancing, family bonding, cultural identity, political attitudes, venting, emotional expression and social bonding. In the confirmatory factor analysis, this 35-item measurement was found to obtain adequate internal consistency and reliability. In addition, the correlations were found with other scales measuring emotional adjustment. Specifically, RESPECT showed a positive correlation with scales for positive affect, reappraisal, negative mood regulation and repair. Among the generated factors as music function, dancing was highly correlated with emotional adjustment, while political attitudes was negatively correlated with emotional adjustment. The results indicate that music use in our everyday lives is intercorrelated with the intrapersonal and interpersonal motives and emotional adjustment, while the function of music that influences cultural identity was not associated with the level of emotional adjustment. Implications for future studies were also suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.135-145
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• 2016

This research intended to investigate, from an ecological perspective, significant predictors affecting school life satisfaction. The subjects were 312 students(2nd grade) of commercial high school in Kyonggido. Data collected by questionnaire survey were analyzed by SPSS Win 22.0 and descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, hierarchical linear regression, and stepwise regression were conducted. There were 21 independent variables: 8 organism variables (self-competence, interpersonal skills, internal control, mood awareness, emotional expression, empathy, emotional regulation, emotional capability), 9 microsystem variables(school variables: the relationship with teachers, school learning, classroom climate, school welfare facilities, school environment/peer variables: peer relationship/family variables: family functioning, education level of fathers, economic status), 2 mesosystem variables(parent-teacher relationship, parent-children's peer relationship), 1 exosystem variables(satisfaction with Korean educational system), 1 macrosystem variables(Korean's primal belief in educational achievement). The results are as follows; the significant variables were the relationship with teachers, satisfaction with Korean educational system, peer relationship, emotional capability, parent-teacher relationship($R^2=45.3%$); and the effect of microsystem was the strongest($R^2=35.7%$). This research is meaningful of analyzing school life satisfaction of commercial high school in terms of ecological perspective.