• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1197-1209
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• 2007

The advance of digital contents industry shifts the focus of consumptions; from analogue to digital ones. It gives significant impact on individual life as well as overall society and culture, and it leads to the increased consumption of digital contents. Nevertheless, current digital contents industry fails to secure the sufficient consumer protection systems including relevant rules and laws which regulate the distribution, use, and other transaction activities of digital contents and the efforts, on the part of contents providers, to provide information to consumers and to protect them. Digital contents, by its nature, is different from the existing products so that its nature is likely to cause unique consumer problems totally different from the offline transactions and the electrical transactions of existing products. This study, therefore, aims to identify the possible problems which may be incurred by consumers in their use of digital contents, specify the types of consumer damages, and provide the underlying materials to improve the systems related to digital contents and take legally complementary measures for consumer protection. To identify the types of consumer damages, this study analyzed the results from consumer counselling cases, experts opinion survey, and FGI. For consumer damage cases, this study analyzed the consumer complaints received by open consumer counselling sites of the Korea Consumer Agency and Seoul Electronic Commerce Center. For experts opinion survey, it conducted questionnaire survey of the group of experts from digital contents manufacturers or providers, and those who treated consumer damages directly. For FGI analysis, it organized a panel of students and employees who had used digital contents to understand the types of consumer damages. The results of this study can be summed up as follows. Based on the results from consumer counselling cases, experts opinion survey, and FGI analysis, the consumer damages related to digital contents can be classified, in their nature, into economic or financial damages (25 cases), emotional or psychological ones (15 cases), time-related ones (7 cases), physical ones (4 cases), and privacy-related ones (i.e. leakage of personal data)(3 cases). More specifying the types of damages, damages can be subdivided into contract-, charge-, maintenance-, use-, individual-related ones and other ones. Among them, both contract- and charge-related damages appeared only in the economic or financial damages, whereas user-specific individual damages appeared only in physical and emotional or psychological ones. On the other hand, maintenance- and use-related damages and other ones were observed in both categories of economical or financial damages and time-related ones. Use- and privacy-related damages, in particular, caused emotional or psychological damages.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1565-1573
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• 2007

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of $K_2CO_3$ instead of NaOH on retting of the kenaf bast. We examined the relationship between separation of fiber bundle and tensile strength besides observing the color, handle and cross sectional view for the kenaf fiber retted with various concentration(100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 1000mmol) of $K_2CO_3$ and double retted with 0.5% pectinase after $K_2CO_3$ retting. The one retted on low $K_2CO_3$ concentration, $150{\sim}200mmol$, showed the best result on color, handle and luster. The separation of fiber bundle started even at the low $K_2CO_3$ concentration, 100mmol, and as the $K_2CO_3$ concentration was higher, the size of the fiber bundle was smaller. In the case of 1000mmol, the fiber bundle became irregular, but they were breaking up into certain way. Regardless of $K_2CO_3$ concentration, the thinner the diameters of the kenaf fiber bundle, the stronger tensile strength have appeared. This result corresponds with the result of cross sectional view. Retting on $150{\sim}200mmol\;K_2CO_3$ concentration was most effective on fiber bundle#s separation and tensile strength. The one with double retted with 0.5% pectinase after $K_2CO_3$ retting showed very small size of fiber bundle and low tensile strength compare to the one just retted on $K_2CO_3$. This decrease of tensile strength seem to be related to damage of the fiber resulted by excessive fibrillation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.479-487
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were to: 1) measure the levels of job satisfaction with five facets of a job: the work itself, promotion, pay, supervision and co-workers, 2) investigate the degree of job characteristics inventory which employees perceived, 3) investigate relationships between job characteristics and job satisfaction levels of the employees in hospital foodservice, 4) measure the levels of organizational commitment and investigate its relationships between job satisfaction and job characteristics, 5) investigate the relationships between job performance and job satisfaction, job characteristics of the employees in hospital foodservice. The questionnaire was developed based on modifying Job Descriptive Index developed by Smith, Kendall, Hulin and Job Characteristics Inventory developed by Sims, Szilagyi, Keller and Affective commitment Scale developed by Meyer and Allen. Subjects consisted of 76 employees in hospital foodservice. Data were analyzed for frequency, means, ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test, and pearson correlation using SAS PC Package. The results of this study were as follows. 1) Most of the respondents were 41 years up(39.5%) and married (92%). High school graduates were 59.2%. 10 years working experienced employees were 35%. 2) A majority of the respondents(44.7%) ranked work itself as the most important aspect. 3) They were the most satisfied with co-workers. 4) Satisfaction with work itself, wage, and supervision were found significantly related to age(p<0.05). 5) Task identify was the most prevalent job characteristics and then task identity. 6) Satisfaction with co-workers were found significantly related to job variety(p<0.05). Satisfaction with supervision and promotion were found significantly related to friendship(p<0.05). 7) Job satisfaction have not correlation with job performance. Satisfaction with supervision, co-workers were positively correlated with organizational commitment(p<0.01). 8) Job characteristics of dealing with others were positively correlated with job performance (p<0.05). Job characteristics of variety, autonomy, task identity were positively correlated with organizational commitment(p<0.05, p<0.01).

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.411-420
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 현재 우리나라에서 그 소비량이 증가하고 있고, 여러 가지 효능이 확인되고 있는 한약재 중의 하나인 어성초를 10 kGy로 조사하여 휘발성 유기성분의 변화를 비교하였다. n-Pentane과 diethylether 혼합용매를 추출용매로 사용하여 연속증류추출장치로 추출하고 이를 GC/MS로 사용하여 분석.확인하였다. 비 조사 시료와 10 kGy의 선량으로 방사선 조사한 시료에서 확인된 휘발성 유기성분은 각각 83종과 85종이 확인되었다. 전체적인 관능기별 함량으로는 alcohol류와 ketone류가 두드러지는 경향을 보여 어성초의 주요휘발성 유기화합물에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다. 어성초의 대표적인 휘발성 유기화합물로는 hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, phytol, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, octadecanol, caryophyllene oxide, 2-undecanone 및 menthol 등이었다. 특히 houttuynum은 그 함량이 다른 주요 화합물보다 상대적으로 낮게 확인되었으나, 어성초의 특징적인 비린내 성분을 부여하는 화합물로 확인되었다. 또한, 어성초의 주요 생리활성 성분이며, 항균, 항진균, 항생물, 항염증 및 항종양 등의 여러 가지 효능이 입증되고 있는 terpene류의 상대적인 함량도 다량 확인되었다. 조사에 따른 함량은 비 조사시료와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 어성초의 위생화 처리 효과를 고려할 때 방사선 조사를 이용하는 방법이 적절할 것으로 사료되며, 한약재의 위생화 방안과 현재 활발히 진행되고 있는 방사선 조사식품에 대한 여러 연구들에 대한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2010

오죽(Phyllostachys nigra Munro)을 이용하여 추출용매에 따른 총 페놀함량, 항산화 활성, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 유사활성, 아질산 소거능, tyrosinase활성 저해능, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 저해활성을 in vitro에서 검토 했다. Ethyl acetate와 hexane을 추출용매로 이용할 때 총 페놀화합물 함량은 각각 $44.1{\pm}2.3mg/kg$와 $47.3{\pm}2.4mg/kg$였다. 항산화 효과는 추출용매 종류에 따라 각각 다르게 나타났고 hexane > ethyl acetate > n-butanol > methanol > water순이었다. 그러나 SOD 활성은 물 > methanol > n-butanol> hexane> ethyl acetate 추출 순이었다. 아질산 소거능은 pH 1.2에서 추출용매에 따라 약간의 차이는 있었으나 54~69.2% 범위였다. 그러나 pH가 증가함에 따라 추출용매에 관계없이 모두 감소하였다. 특히 pH가 1.2에서 6.0으로 증가 할 경우 ethyl acetate 추출물의 아질산 소가능은 $69.2{\pm}3.1%$에서 $7.8{\pm}2.4%$로 감소하였다. 오죽 추출물의 tyrosinase의 저해 활성은 추출용매에 따라 약간 차이가 있으나 전반적으로 15.2~21.3% 범위였다. 추출용매에 따른 tyrosinase의 저해 활성은 water > methanol > n-butanol > hexane > ethyl acetate 추출 순이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.198-202
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• 1997

김치 담글 때 조미료로 sucrose를 첨가한 경우, 발효 시간의 경과와 더불어 김치국물의 정도가 증가한다. 이 현상은 장김치에서 두드러지는 것으로 관찰되었으므로 본 연구에서는 소금으로 담근 김치를 대조구로 하여 간장으로 담근 장김치에서의 정도 증가를 비교하였으며 이 점성물질의 본성을 밝힘과 동시에 그 생성조건을 검토하였다. 장김치국물에 에탄올을 가하여 생성된 침전물을 산으로 가수분해하여 HPLC로 분석한 결과 glucose를 단위체로 한 polysaccharide인 dextran으로 밝혀졌다. 이 dextran의 생성에는 glucose 보다는 sucrose가 효과적이며, sucrose의 농도가 10%까지 증가함에 따라 점도는 비례하여 증가하였다. 또 소금보다는 간장으로 담근 김치에서 정도가 높았으며, 협기적인 조건보다는 호기적인 조건에서 점도가 높았다. 장김치는 소금김치 보다 산생성이 많았으며 당을 첨가한 경우 산 생성량은 증가하였다. 또 환원당량은 sucrose를 첨가한 경우 김치숙성 초기에 크게 증가하였다. 김치발효과정 중 총 균수와 Leuconostoc 세균수의 변화를 살펴 본 결과 발효 1일째에 Leuconostoc 균수, 총 균수가 최대에 달했으며 Leuconostoc 균수는 그 후 점차 감소하였다. 장김치와 소금김치 간에는 발효 중 균수의 차이가 없었으며 sucrose를 첨가한 경우에도 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 나타나 김치에서 점성물질이 생성되는 것은 균수에 의한 차이가 아니라 점성물질 생성 조건의 차이에 의한 것으로 생각되었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the vitamin D status and to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods in Korean adults and older adults. Methods: Subjects were 10,374 adults and 2,792 older adults participating in the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods were estimated by using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Eleven food items such as beef, egg, mackerel, tuna, yellow corvina, pollack, anchovy, mushroom, milk, yogurt, and ice cream were selected as vitamin D rich foods based on previous research. Results: The proportions of deficiency (< 12 ng/mL), inadequacy (12-20 ng/mL) and sufficiency (${\geq}20ng/mL$) of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in adults were 8.8%, 42.3%, 48.8%, and 28.2%, 52.8%, 19.1%, respectively. The proportions of deficiency, inadequacy and sufficiency of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in older adults were 10.1%, 32.4%, 57.5%, and 24.1%, 45.4%, 30.5%, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of mackerel, anchovy, all fish, milk and milk dairy products. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in older adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of yellow corvina and negatively related to the consumption frequencies of ice cream. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Korean adults were more deficient in serum 25(OH)D concentrations than older adults. The consumption of vitamin D rich foods may affect vitamin D status in Korean adults. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2022

수분은 인체에서 가장 많은 비율을 차지하는 성분으로 인체의 원활한 생리작용을 위해 필수적인 요소이다. 2013-2017 국민건강영양조사 자료를 근거로 하였을 때 우리나라 사람들의 평균 1일 수분 섭취량은 2,167.3 mL/day이며 그 중 62%가 섭취기준을 충족하지 못하고 있다. 반면 음료 섭취는 계속해서 증가하고 있는 추세다. 수분 섭취기준은 충분섭취량으로 제시되며, 상한섭취량과 만성질환위험감소섭취량은 제시하지 않고 있다. 2015년과 비교해 2020년 수분 충분섭취량은 연령에 따라 소폭 증가하거나 감소되었는데 유아기 1-2세, 남자 6-8세, 9-11세, 여아 6-8세는 100 mL/day씩 감소하였으며, 남자 12-14세는 100 mL/day 증가하였다. 수분 섭취기준으로 제시되는 수분 충분섭취량은 음식 수분 섭취량과 액체 수분 섭취량을 합한 값이며, 액체 수분 섭취량은 물 섭취량 중앙값, 음료 섭취량 중앙값, 우유 섭취량 200 mL/day을 합해서 산출한 수치이다. 이와 같이 수분 섭취기준에는 음식 수분 섭취량도 포함되어 있으므로, 물과 음료의 섭취기준으로 총수분 섭취기준을 적용하는 것은 적절하지 않으며 액체 섭취기준을 적용해야 한다. 그리고 액체 수분을 섭취할 때에는 당류, 카페인 등이 함유된 음료보다 물이나 우유를 섭취하는 것이 바람직하다. 한국인 수분 섭취기준 설정에 있어서 향후 개선하고 보완해야 할 사항으로 한국인 일상식에서 수분 함량비의 정확성 제고, 액체 수분 섭취량에 관한 조사방법 보완, 생애주기별 수분 섭취 실태에 대한 다각적인 검토, 노인기의 생리적 변화와 건강상태 반영, 한국인 대상 수분 섭취와 건강에 관한 연구 활성화와 반영 등을 제안한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.687-694
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• 1997

This study investigated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the nutritional iron status of 31 adolescent girls, aged 12-15 years, with low hemoglobin levels. They were randomly divided into four groups, and for two groups daily150mg or 900mg of L-ascorbic acid(AsA) was given in three equal doses at three meals during 9 weeks. To another group daily 60mg iron as ferrous sulfate was given in the same way as AsA. The control group was given sugar placebo. Body iron status was monitored through the determination of Hb, Hct, MCHC, and serum ferritin concentrations. Dietary AsA and iron intakes were measured from food consumption surveys performed by 3-day 24-hour recalls. The amount of absorbed iron was estimated from the model of Monsen et al. The average amounts of food iron for four groups were 12.3- 15.0mg and 11.1 - 18.9mg at initial and at final period of the supplementation trial, respectively. The tentatively estimated amount of absorbed iron was significantly increased in the 900mg AsA and iron supplementing groups, but not in the 150mg AsA and placebo groups. Both Hb and MCHC were improved to above normal levels in all groups except the placebo group. Hct was elevated only in the AsA 900mg group whose Hct was relatively lower than the other groups. Serum ferritin concentrations of the four groups, which were as low as 8.50 - 14.39ng/mL on average at the intial periods, augmented significantly to 20.18ng/mL and 26.63ng/mL in the 900mg AsA and iron groups, respectively. Serum ferritin was not elevated in either the AsA 300mg group or the placebo group. The above data indicated that the daily supplementaion of 150mg AsA to the meals containing 12-15mg iron per day promoted Hb levels of adolescent girls with low Hb, and the 900mg AsA supplementing improved not only Hb level but also body iron store. A supplementation of 60mg iron per day appeared to be slightly more effective in improving the iron status in comparison to the 900mg AsA supplement. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 687-694, 1997)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2008

This study was conducted to measure and evaluate the food and nutrient intakes of the people living near the nuclear plant and to investigate the relationship between the household income level and the food and nutrient intake patterns. A total of 552 cases (263 males and 289 females) were surveyed during the period from April 1 to December 21 of 2005. Dietary intake was measured by means of the 24-hour recall method. The data were analyzed using SPSS Windows (ver. 14.0). The household income level of the subjects was classified into two groups : Low income group (LIG; $\leq$2,000,000 won) and high income group (HIG; > 2,000,000). The subjects at large had less energy and nutrient intakes than did the population in town and village who participated in the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey. The intake of calcium, zinc, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, and folic acid was less than the Estimated Average Requirement in case of $50{\sim}95%$ of the subjects. The LIG consumed less beans, vegetables, fruits, meats, and beverages than did the HIG in male, while the LIG consumed less eggs and beverages than did the HIG in female. The LIG consumed less nutrients than did the HIG in male, except for carbohydrate, while the LIG consumed less nutrients including zinc, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folic acid than did the HIG in female. In addition, the LIG had higher percentage energy consumption from carbohydrate. These results suggest that higher food and nutrient intake is associated with higher income.