• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.233-260
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• 2013

Despite various policies have been implemented to curb shadow education in Korea, it has continued to grow in recent two decades. This study investigates the expansion mechanism of shadow education focused on mobilization capabilities and market strategies of the suppliers. The success and failure of policy toward shadow education depends on how effectively it could block off the way by which the suppliers as the most important actors in politics of shadow education market mobilize consumers' anxieties. But shadow education policies have failed in two points. First, they have lacked honest intention to stop its proliferation. The Constitutional Court Decision Against Anti-Out-Of-School Classes Legislation of 2000 widened the windows of opportunity for the suppliers, and 5.31 educational reform of 1995 was neutral to their mobilization capabilities, though seemingly designed to control shadow education. This policy orientation, which reflected neoliberal Gesinnungsethik defective of Verantwortungsethik, stimulated shadow education to expand in that suppliers' mobilization capabilities were reinforced or remained intact. Second, shadow education suppliers have succeeded in mobilizing the desire and anxiety of potential consumers. To cope with government's policy including improving the qualities of public education, realignment of college entrance systems, and meeting the shadow education needs, they have developed various market strategies such as management of existing demands, creation of responsive demands, and squeezing out new demands. They have succeeded in nullifying policies by employing or mixing strategies with effect. Policy decisions in the future need to be made with reference to Verantwortungsethik, and be more cautious to socio-political contexts of Korea, to mobilization capabilities and market strategies of the suppliers in particular.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1405-1417
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• 2006

The geometrical structures, potential energy surfaces, and energetics for the ligand exchange reactions of tetracoordinated platinum $(PtY_2L_2\;:\;Y,\;L=Cl^-,\;OH^-,\;OH_2,\;NH_3)$ complexes in the ligand-solvent interaction systems were investigated using the ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. The potential energy surfaces for the ligand exchange reactions used for the conversions of $(PtCl_4\;+\;H_2O)^{^\ast_\ast}\;to\;[PtCl_3(H_2O)\;+\;Cl^-]$ and $[Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2\;+\;H_2O]$$[Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2\;+\;H_2O]$ to $[Pt(NH_3)_2Cl(H_2O)\;+\;Cl^-] $ were investigated in detail. For these two exchange reactions, the transition states $([PtY_2L_2{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}L^\prime])^{^\ast_\ast} $ correspond to complexes such as $(PtCl_4{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}H_2O)^{^\ast_\ast}$ and $[Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}H_2O]^{^\ast_\ast}$, respectively. In the transition state, $([PtCl_4{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}H_2O]^{^\ast_\ast}$ and $[Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}H_2O]]^{^\ast_\ast})$ have a kind of 6-membered $(Pt-Cl{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}HOH{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}Cl)$ and $(Pt-OH{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}Cl{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}HN)$ interactions, respectively, wherein a central Pt(II) metal directly combines with a leaving $Cl^-$ and an entering $H_2O$. Simultaneously, the entering $H_2O$ interacts with a leaving $Cl^-$. No vertical one metal-ligand interactions $([PtY_2L_2{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}L^\prime]) $ are found at the axial positions of the square planar $(PtY_2L_2)$ complexes, which were formed via a vertically associative mechanism leading to $D_{3h}$ or $C_{2v}$-transition state symmetry. The geometrical structure variations, molecular orbital variations (HOMO and LUMO), and relative stabilities for the ligand exchange processes are also examined quantitatively. Schematic diagrams for the dissociation reactions of {PtCl4(H2O)n(n=2,4)} into {$PtCl_3(H_2O)_{(n-2)}\;+\;Cl^-(H_2O)_2$} and the binding energies {$PtCl_4(H_2O)_n$(n = 1-5)} of $PtCl_4$ with water molecules are drawn.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.354-369
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• 2010

The synoptic and kinematic characteristics of a heavy rainfall that occurred in Gangneung region on 22 to 24 October 2006 were investigated using weather maps, infrared images, AWS observation data and NCEP global final analyses data. The total amount of rainfall observed in the region for the period was 316.5 mm, and the instanteneous maximum wind speed was $63.7m\;s^{-1}$. According to the analysis of weather maps, before the starting of the heavy rainfall, an extratropical low pressure system was developed in the middle region of the Korean Peninsula, and an inverted trough was formed in the northern region of the peninsula. In addition, a jet stream on the upper charts of 300 hPa was located over the Yellow Sea and the southern boundary of the peninsula. A cutoff low in the cyclonic shear side of the upper jet streak, which was linked to an anomaly of isentropic potential vorticity, was developed over the northwestern part of the peninsula. And there are analyzed potential vorticity and wind, time-height cross section of potential vorticity, vertical air motion, maximums of the divergence and convergence and vertical distribution of potential temperature in Gangneung region. The analyzed results of the synoptic conditions and kinematic processes strongly suggest that the tropopause folding made a significant role of initializing the heavy rainfall.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2022

Recently, the fourth industrial revolution has a great influence on the development of many industries as well as the construction industry. Various technologies related to the industrial revolution 4.0, such as AI and big data, have gained much attention. However, little has been known about the importance and preparedness of stakeholders of the construction industry in Korea for the industry 4.0 technologies so far. This study revealed how the stakeholders perceive and prepare for industry 4.0 using a survey. In addition, collaboration potential score for each technology was calculated to find technologies with high potential for collaboration. Result is that the importance of the technologies was evaluated high in overall, but the preparedness and implementation in university education or business was evaluated low. Technologies with high potential for industry-university collaboration are AI/big data and 3D printing/3D scanning. This study can contribute to the training of industry 4.0 experts and improving preparedness, which would enable the innovation and application of industry 4.0 technologies in the construction industry.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.161-176
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• 2002

GIS (geographic information system) is a relatively new tool in the coastal and ocean area management toolbox, but its uses and functionality are quickly being recognized. GIS can help identity potential threats to coastal and ocean resources and evaluate alternative land-use and management practices. The application of GIS to coastal and ocean issues continues to grow as the general use of GIS matures. GIS software and technicians with the skills to apply GIS are now commonplace at federal, state and local government agencies as well as many NGOs and the private sector. However, these applications were focused on their special purposes. Therefore, we describe the management strategy of marine GIS and its components. The results of this study can be used as the fundamental guideline for the coastal and ocean management and sustainable development.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2008

Here, we consider the existence and uniqueness solution of nonlinear integral equation of the second kind of type Volterra-Hammerstein. Also, the normality and continuity of the integral operator are discussed. A numerical method is used to obtain a system of nonlinear integral equations in position. The solution is obtained, and many applications in one, two and three dimensionals are considered.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2020

In the era of noble technology, virtual reality (VR) has been adopted in various fields, with the advantages of VR in education being confirmed through numerous studies. In skill development training education, humans or equipment that interact with the trainee are crucial and currently VR is more preferred. In this study, six projects were selected and reviewed in-depth visualizing the use of VR in training and its potential. Comparison between the learning actions of training in the virtual and real environments were conducted. Training through VR is location-dependent, time-dependent, safe, and reversible. VR application is also determined by the preps and feedback-providing functionality which must be emphasized. All the advantages of VR in skill development training make it an opportunity provider. This article can be used by those developing VR projects for skill development training.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1665-1675
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to describe the experiences of friendship in male nursing students. This study was based on the phenomenological method described by Colaizzi(1978). To collect qualitative data, 21 personal interviews were conducted from June to August 2014. Four theme clusters emerged from the data as follows: They experienced as a small fringe group; Female students' world they hardly understood; They conflicted with the different female world; They endeavored to company with female students. The results of this study could guide nursing faculties to understand male nursing students' experience as different from female ones, and to support them to realize their full potential to develop into good nurses.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1832-1841
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• 2015

With the rapid development of global economy and trade, international logistics has made great progress in the past few years. As an irreplaceable part in China's foreign trade industry, ocean shipping, especially. ports management has played a crucial role in the development of China. In 2008, The Qingdao Qianwan bonded port was built in China, and has developed in to a door to connect China to the world. This paper introduced and compared the similarities and differences among the Yangshan Bonded Port, Dalian Dayawan Bonded Port, Tianjin Dongjiang Bonded Port and Qingdao Bonded Port. According to SWOT analysis, a further discussion was then made on the potential problems of Qingdao Bonded Port. At last, some development strategies are given accordingly.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2000

Although computer technology has a great potential for improving mathematics learning practice, it rarely used in mathematics classroom. The purpose of this study is to suggest the future direction for research in mathematics computer technology. First, there has to be a research on mathematics curriculum that take computer technology into account. Second, research on teaching sequence for certain content area is needed. Because computer technology would change the order of teaching sequence. Third, how students would learn with computer technology? how do they acquire knowledge and make sense of it? Fourth, how could we assess the learning with computer technology? Most of all, because teachers play a key role to succeed in educational reform, they have to be familiar with computer technology and software to introduce it into mathematics learning and to use it properly.