• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.754-764
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop experimental modules that would enhance science the process skills of secondary school students. The modules were composed of real-life materials on the subjects of light, movement, force, water, and heat. Each module consisted of four to six activities, and provided student worksheets and teacher guides. Physics teachers were invited to a workshop specially held to identify whether these modules would befit the improvement of student science process skills. A majority of the teachers believed the modules to be valuable instructional materials which might enhance student science process skills in the Korean secondary school science classes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2623-2626
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• 2012

A series of functionalized furans were synthesized by way of a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of 2,3,5-trisubstituted furans with aryl chlorides through C-H bond cleavages at C-4 position. The feature of the reaction was facilitative preparation of furan derivatives with good functional group tolerance. All reactions gave the desired products in moderate to good yields in the presences of $BuAd_2P$ and t-BuOK in DMF at $120^{\circ}C$ after 15 h.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 1991

There is now a large body of research which investigate the preconceptions held by the students in a variety of school levels ranging from the elementary schools to the universities. A problem exists, however, in applying the fingings of the research to the practices of science education. Meanwhile the field of science education is in urgent need of the new instructional theories. One viable means of improving such problematic situation as this is to develop the teaching/learning materials which incorporate the suggestions implied by the results of the research. A prosedure for developing an instructional material and the application of the material in the naturalistic classes are described. Also described in this article are the analyses of the effectiveness of the materials and the implications of this developmental study for the teaching strategies of science.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2016

CS Unplugged education is emphasized as the component of the basic principles of Elementary SW education. This document produced by two other Timbell presents the contents in a variety of topics about computer science. One of the main components is the finite Automata, and this requires the development of educational materials for teaching our situation. So We'll present the finite Automata learning materials for elementary school classes. Learning model that we have presented is a process of self-directed and activity-based learning. For verification of this experiment was the validation of the expert group and was concluded that adequate through the analysis of the diagnostic tests.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.3579-3582
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• 2010

We studied the reaction of tri-methylaluminum (TMA) on hydroxyl (OH)-terminated Si (001) surfaces for the initial growth of aluminum oxide thin-films using density functional theory. TMA was adsorbed on the oxygen atom of OH due to the oxygen atom’s lone pair electrons. The adsorbed TMA reacted with the hydrogen atom of OH to produce a di-methylaluminum group (DMA) and methane with an energy barrier of 0.50 eV. Low energy barriers in the range of 0 - 0.11 eV were required for DMA migration to the inter-dimer, intra-dimer, and inter-row sites on the surface. A unimethylaluminum group (UMA) was generated at each site with low energy barriers in the range of 0.21 - 0.25 eV. Among the three sites, the inter-dimer site was the most probable for UMA formation.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2015

This study demonstrated the stabilizing role of a cyclodextrin on Keggin $[PW_{12}O_{40}]^{3-}$ via hydrogen bonding complexation unveiled by ESI-MS. The distinctive fragmentation pathways of the $\{PW_{12}\}/{\gamma}$-CD complexes from that of discrete $[PW_{12}O_{40}]^{3-}$ showed that the so-called "weak" non-covalent interactions can effectively change the dissociation chemistry of POM in the gas phase. The influence of different types of solvents and organic additives such as ${\gamma}$-CD on the stability of Keggin $[PW_{12}O_{40}]^{3-}$ was also addressed firstly by ESI-MS.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.361-377
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to develop STEAM teaching materials about 'world of small organisms' unit on elementary science education and to apply lesson using them for the 5th and 6th graders. Compared to other STEAM programs studied previously, the STEAM teaching materials of this study includes students' STEAM, teachers' guide, story-telling books and multimedia teaching aids consisted of practical resources to manage STEAM lessons. The whole program was designed from multidisciplinary integration to extradisciplinary integration through activities making creative products, meanwhile each period had discretionary S, T, E, A, M factors specifically. To examine the effects of integrated lesson on scientific knowledge, process skills, and affective domain, the study subjects were divided into two groups. The experimental group was composed of 69 individuals participated in STEAM lesson, while students of the control group were 67 individuals learned through general learning methods. The developed STEAM teaching materials affected significantly on scientific knowledge and affective domain of elementary school students, but process skills were not increased significantly. In the present study, therefore, the approach applying STEAM education could be suggested as alternative learning materials or supplementary teaching materials at the field of small organisms in elementary science sufficiently.

• Carbon letters
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• v.25
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• pp.50-54
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• 2018

Large-size graphene samples are successfully prepared by combining ultrosonic assisted liquid phase exfoliation process with oxidation-deoxidation method. Different from previous works, we used an ultrasound-treated expanded graphite as the raw material and prepared the graphene via a facile oxidation-reduction reaction. Results of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm the crystal structure of the as-prepared graphene. Scanning electron microscopy images show that this kind of graphene has a large size (with a diameter over $100{\mu}m$), larger than the graphene from graphite powder and flake graphite prepared through single oxidation-deoxidation method. Transmission electron microscopy results also reveal the thin layers of the prepared graphene (number of layers ${\leq}3$). Furthermore, the importance of preprocessing the raw materials is also proven. Therefore, this method is an attractive way for preparing graphene with large size.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.467-487
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze of gifted students' improvement on mathematical attitude and problem-solving ability through project-based materials in science high school. For this study, research questions are established as follows. 1. Does the project-based materials-used instruction have a positive effect on improving problem-solving ability? 2. Does the project-based materials-used instruction have a positive effect on improving mathematical attitude? To solve these research questions, this study employed a survey and interview type investigation for gifted students' mathematical attitude and problem-solving ability. A subject of classes were randomly selected among the 11th grader in D science high school and designated one class as the experimental group and the other class as the control group. Twelve hours of the project-based materials-used instruction and the traditional textbook-oriented instruction had been carried out in each class. Findings on this study are as follows: First, the project-based material-used instruction is shown to be more effective in enhancing problem-solving ability than the traditional textbook-oriented instruction. Second, the project-based material-used instruction is shown to be more effective in improving mathematical attitude than the traditional textbook-oriented instruction.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.287-295
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• 2008

Elementary students' behaviors classifying leaves have been analyzed according to the material types provided for the classification class. 199 sixth grade students were participated in the task classifying the leaves of various plants for the research. The three types of materials provided to them for the class were real leaves, photos of the leaves and explanation cards including the photos of leaves. One of the research findings was that the only material made students handle in the observed behaviors was the real leave of the material types given as classifying. Three were differences between groups in the time required and the number of using criteria for the class. The numbers of criteria had been applied to analyzing their behaviors as classifying the real leaves which were less than those with photo materials. The amount of taken time to classify the real leaves and photo materials were less than those of another material. Finally, the contents of criteria did not differ between groups except appearing properties presented to the task with photo and explanation materials. It is expected that the research can be contributed for elementary school teachers and for curriculum developers to choose appropriate instructional materials as constructing curriculum contents for elementary science to make elementary school students acquire classifying skill in science classes.