• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2003

Mandibular permanent lateral incisors showing bilateral transposition and ectopic eruption were seen beside deciduous first molars in a female aged 8yr 8month. Repositioning of the ectopic lateral incisor is difficult not only because of its distal displacement and severe rotation but also because of the potential development of transposition with the erupting canine. This paper is focused on the diagnosis of the ectopic eruption and advocates treatment with active orthodontic management at the early stage of mixed dentition, before the eruption of the permanent cuspid.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.237-239
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• 2013

An ectopic thyroid is caused by abnormalities in migration of the thyroid during development and rarely occurs in the thoracic cavity or the abdominal cavity. We report the case of a 64-year-old female who had abnormal findings from a thyroid hormone test during follow-up after thyroid cancer surgery. Based on the radioisotope diagnostic test, an ectopic thyroid inside the thoracic cavity was suspected. Through surgical treatment, the patient was diagnosed with ectopic intrapulmonary thyroid. Ectopic intrapulmonary thyroid is reported to be very rare and the case is described along with a literature review.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.612-622
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• 2012

Olfactory receptors (ORs) detect volatile chemicals that lead to the initial perception of smell in the brain. The olfactory receptor (OR) is the first protein that recognizes odorants in the olfactory signal pathway and it is present in over 1,000 genes in mice. It is also the largest member of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Most ORs are extensively expressed in the nasal olfactory epithelium where they perform the appropriate physiological functions that fit their location. However, recent whole-genome sequencing shows that ORs have been found outside of the olfactory system, suggesting that ORs may play an important role in the ectopic expression of non-chemosensory tissues. The ectopic expressions of ORs and their physiological functions have attracted more attention recently since MOR23 and testicular hOR17-4 have been found to be involved in skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and human sperm chemotaxis, respectively. When identifying additional expression profiles and functions of ORs in non-olfactory tissues, there are limitations posed by the small number of antibodies available for similar OR genes. This review presents the results of a research series that identifies ectopic expressions and functions of ORs in non-chemosensory tissues to provide insight into future research directions.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 1993

Abnomalities in the embryologic development and migration of the thyroid gland can result in ectopic thyroid tissue, which may occur on the midline in any position from the base of the tongue to the mediastinum. Although ectopic thyroid may be asymptomatic, local obstructive, hemorrhagic or other complication may occur. Radinuclide thyroid scan is confirmatory when the diagnosis is suspected. Hypothyroidism is common in lingual thyroid, and thyroid supplementation is generally required. In order to evaluate the features of ectopic thyroid, we investigated the scintigraphic findings, thyroid function test and clinical symptoms of 19 patients with ectopic thyroid. 1) Th frequency of ectopic thyroid was about 5.3 times more common in female than in male. Then patients were mostly below 30 years old (79%). 2) The frequency of location of ectopic thyroid were as follows: 10 cases in the tongue base, 1 case in suprahyoid, 5 cases in infrahyoid and 3 cases over 2 areas. 3) The thyroid function test was done in 16 cases of the ectopic thyroid patients. The hypothyroidism was detected in 7 cases, subclinical hypothyroidism in 4 cases and normal thyroid function in 5 cases. 4) The rate of hypothyroidism is 90% in the lingual thyroid and 33% in the others. The thyroid dysfunction was related with the location of the ectopic thyroid (p < 0.05). 5) The clinical manifestations include a mass in the tongue base, the foreignbody sensation of a throat and a swallowing difficulty in lingual thyroid. The palpable mass was the chief complaint in the others. 6) We prescribed the thyroid hormone to 10 cases with hypothyroidism. The ectopic thyroid was removed in 2 cases with normal thyroid function. The rest is following up through OPD. We must consider the possibility of the ectopic thyroid and take the thyroid scan when the patient has a mass in the tongue base, the sublingual and the prelaryngeal area. Then we have to check the thyroid function and follow up when the ectopic thyroid is diagnosed, because the patient with normal thyroid function can result in the hypothyroidism. Except these, we must mind of the possibility of occurence of the cancer in the ectopic thyroid tissue.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2010

Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma is a rare benign tumor of the lower neck occurring in the male adult predominantly. The origin of this tumor has been debated, but it is now believed to arise from remnants of the cervical sinus of His from early development. They are composed of epithelial, adipocytic, and spindle cells in variable amounts. Recognition of ectopic harmatomatous thymoma is important and needs to be differentiated from high-grade sarcomas such as synovial sarcoma or glandular malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. We here report on a case of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma arising in the left lateral neck of 33-year-old male patient.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2012

The outer dense fiber 2 (ODF2) protein is an important component of sperm tail outer dense fiber and localizes at the centrosome. It has been reported that the RO072 ES cell derived homozygote knock out of ODF2 results in an embryonic lethal phenotype, and XL169 ES cell derived heterozygote knock out causes severe defects in sperm tail development. The ODF2s splicing variant, Cenexin1, possesses a C-terminal extension, and the phosphorylation of serine 796 residue in an extended C-terminal is responsible for Plk1 binding. Cenexin1 assembles ninein and causes ciliogenesis in early stages of the cell cycle in a Plk1-independent manner. Alternatively, in the late stages of the cell cycle, G2/M phase, Cenexin1 binds to Plk1 and results in proper mitotic progression. In this study, to identify the in vivo function of Plk1 binding to phosphorylated Cenexin1 S796 residue, and to understand the in vivo functional differences between ODF2 and Cenexin1, we generated ODF2/Cenexin1 S796A/Cenexin1 WT expressing transgenic mice in a RO072 ES cell derived $ODF2^{+/-}$ knock out background. We observed a severe defect of sperm tail development by ectopic expression of Cenexin1 S796A mutant and no phenotypic differences between the ectopic expression of ODF2/Cenexin1 WT in $ODF2^{+/-}$ background and in normal wild type mice.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2011

The ectopic eruption is defined as abnormal eruption which gives to displacement of the teeth and abnormal root resorption of adjacent teeth. The prevalence of ectopic eruption is reported to vary 2~6%, most of them are in the maxilla. Etiologic factors include narrow maxilla, large maxillary teeth, inclined eruption path of the first molar, retruded position of the maxilla and hereditary factor. Irreversible ectopic eruption where the second primary molar is lost often causes mesial tipping and rotation of the permanent molar, unfavorable occlusion and space deficiency for the second premolar. Ectopically erupted teeth should be treated early to maintain normal development of the dentition, harmony of facial growth and occlusal support. The method of the treatment are classified as follows : appliances that is positioned at the contact point for unlocking and the distal movement, fixed appliance that is connected to more than one tooth, and occlusion guiding method after disking or extraction of the second deciduous molar. A case report of a patient with bilaterally ectopic eruption of maxilla and mandible first permanent molar was present. Also, the patient who had experienced the chronic myelogenous leukemia, show various dental developmental complications. The ectopic eruption was treated with a Halterman appliance that was a effective way of correcting of ectopic eruption of the permanent first molar.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1999

We describe a case of successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) in a small infant with cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) failure after an open heart surgery. A 35-day-old male infant weighing 4.4 kg who had congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension underwent patch closure of ventricular septal defect without any intraoperative event. Postoperative course was unremarkable in the intensive care uint for about 5 hours before the junctional ectopic tachycardia developed. Sudden cardiac decompensation with bradycardia occurred about 50 minutes after the development of junctional ectopic tachycardia. He was put on ECMO by arterial cannulation at the ascending aorta and by venous cannulation at the right atrial appendage after 4 hours' CPR. The hemodynamics were stable with enough urine output during ECMO. He was weaned from ECMO 38.5 hours after initiation. Delayed sternal closure was attempted. He was extubated on postoperative day 7 and discharged home on postoperative day 21 without any neurologic sequelae.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.152-155
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• 2012

A Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is a benign pituitary cyst derived from the remnant of Rathke's pouch, and usually presents as an intrasellar lesion with varying degrees of suprasellar extension. However, to date, a description of a primary prepontine RCC with no intrasellar component has not been reported. The author describes an exceptional case of a symptomatic RCC located behind the sella turcica in a 41-year-old woman who presented with severe headache. The author also provides an embryological hypothesis of the development of an ectopic RCC, with a special emphasis on radiologic characteristics.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 2001

Dilaceration is a tooth abnormaly occuring in the histo-morphodifferention stage resulting from disturbance between the uncalcified and already calcified portion that affects both the crown and root. The involved tooth is usually the maxillary central incisor and it also shows high prevalence of impaction. The cause of dilaceration can be either from the trauma of the primary tooth, ectopic development of the tooth germ or from cysts. And it is also found in some cases of Otodental syndrome, Hurler syndrome, Cleidocranial dysostosis. The purpose of this study is to show that periapical lesions caused by dental caries can be another factor in causing dilaceration.