• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.84-99
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• 1999

In China, primary purpose of policy concerning land tenure system was to maintain social homogeneity among people and growth of productivity. Even before reformed by Deng Shao Ping's government, left wing who had placed more importance on the social unity. When they gained political power, pressing against market oriented agricultural policy for the collective farming system. However right wing prefered to adopt the productivity oriented policy, which might lead to individualized farming system at the cost of social unity. Since Chinese government following principles of social economy put more weight on social unities rather than productivity growth, farming system and rural community became developed into homogeneous structure across the nation before Deng Shao Ping's reform. Process for People's Commune, followed by first and then second level coperations starting from group farming so called Hozozo, was historical reflection of developing such land tenure system. However, even under People's Commune, farmers' efforts could be found to increase their own productivity along with emerged private farming, in which Posandoho with week private farming system was gradually developed into Pogandoho. As Deng's government encouraged farmers to increase productivity through the market oriented measure, there had been wide spread of Pogandoho among the farmers even before legal desolution of Peoples' Commune was realized.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.283-293
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• 2019

The purposes of the study are threefold: (1) develop key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises based on Balanced Scorecard (BSC), (2) find out the correlation between the key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises, and (3) understand the perception of micro-enterprise blockchain and the difference between theoretical guidance and practical application. This study combines Interpretative Structural Modeling Method, (ISM) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to analyze the causal relationships and hierarchical structures of the 12 key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises and understand the correlation between factors. The 12 key successful factors developed based on the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard, and the questionnaire designs based on the concept of DEMATEL, and then analyzed data by DEMATEL and ISM methods to understand the correlation between key factors. The research results show that the key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises include "brand equity", "security and anti-counterfeiting", "sales growth", "transparency and clear", "trust", "consensus mechanism", "traceability", "consistency", "tracking", "innovation management", "international", "organizational adaptation", in which consumer "trust" plays an important role. Micro-enterprises can use blockchain to expand the market, provide customers with better service quality, and bring sales growth to micro-enterprises.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.103-113
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• 2019

The effectiveness of monetary policy critically depends upon how well the transmission mechanism functions, so that the desired impact on output and inflation is achieved. The purpose of this paper is to study the transmission mechanism of monetary policy by analyzing the impact on inflation and output during multiple indicator regime (1998-99 to 2014) in an emerging economy-India. The Inflation Targeting Regime is also briefly outlined alongwith the impact on output and inflation. Using quarterly data for the period 1997 to 2017, the paper uses weighted average call money market rate as a proxy for the policy rate and evaluates the strength of the interest rate channel. We use a conventional Structural vector auto regression (SVAR) methodology to evaluate the efficacy and show the impluse response functions. Our results find that changes in the policy rate impact output growth steeply with a lag of about two quarters and the impact on inflation is maximized after three quarters. The study concludes that the monetary policy in India has a significant impact on output and inflation in the short-to-medium-run. After the policy shock, the fall in the output growth rate is of greater magnitude than the fall in inflation.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1997.12a
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• pp.177-196
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• 1997

The engineering industry plays an important role for national competitive, since it has an high impact on other industries. With its importance, the engineering industry development largely depends on its technical manpower ather than capital factor. This study aims at estimating the additional requirement on technical manpower based on the forecasted market size which represents the structure change corresponding to economic growth in related industry. Research scope includes the twelve of fifteen field except three with insufficient historical data and technical manpower above bachelor degree. Specialty, we forecast market size with determinants resulted from historical data analysis on each field. The demand on technical manpower is derived from the forecasted market. We also estimate an additional requirement with the supply analysis. The research results show different patterns over time period. The relative ratio on chemical and construction to total market will steadily grow over short term, while applied, environment, electronic and information will rapidly grow This pattern will be stabilized over mid or long term. The additional requirement on technical manpower represents the similar pattern to market growth. The research result implies manpower policy for having high inflow of technical engineer from educational institute and the related industries through the image improvement.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-81
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• 2007

A typical small firm in consumer goods sectors of developing countries is an OEM supplier to big MNCs. Lacking design and marketing capability, a small firm relies on the MNCs for survival but their long term growth is not guaranteed as the MNCs are always looking for, and ready to relocate to, cheaper production sites. In this light, we can say that there is something like "OEM trap" from which most firms from LDCs find difficult to move out (Lee 2005). In this situation, one way for long term growth and catch-up is to make a transition to the OBM (own brand manufacturer). But, the transition is not easy or even risky. This paper analyzes the cases of three companies in Korea to find out common features in their successful transition to OBM. They are Aurora World (a flush toy maker), Hankook Chinaware (a chinaware maker), and Hanacobi (a plastic-made food container maker with the Lock-and-Lock brand). These firms can be commonly characterized by 1) arranging access to external knowledge base and steady increase of in-house R&D efforts and capabilities leading to acquisition of formal IPRs and their management, and 2) establishment of global production networks with factories in lower-income countries as well as their own independent global marketing network.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.99-127
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• 2006

This paper examines the effect of the market power of firms in the product market on job creation, job destruction and net job growth. It uses the reconstructed establishment data in the Korean Annual Mining and Manufacturing Survey between 1982 and 2002. This paper shows that job creation has continuously declined since the late 1980s and the decline is common for both market-dominant and competitive firms. The effect of market dominance on job creation is negative, controlling the firm-characteristics variables such as firm size and firm age.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental damage and income, and such curves have been used to study how economic growth affects the environment. In this study, we analyzed data for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and for sulfur emissions in the industrialized countries of the United Kingdom, United States of America, and Japan, as well as data for the developing country of China, to determine the relationship between emissions and income in these countries. Attempts by these countries' governments to incorporate environmental policy considerations into the income-environment relationship were also examined. The potential role of the environmental Kuznets curve as a policy tool was investigated. We determined that, at least in the case of sulfur emissions, policies and institutions significantly reduced environmental degradation in the industrialized countries studied. Furthermore, the environmental Kuznets curve can reliably predict the future relationship between environmental impact and GDP for developing countries.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1851-1863
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• 2014

Many countries are increasing their investments in smart grid technology to enhance energy efficiency, address climate change, and trigger a green energy revolution. In addition to these goals, Korea also seeks to promote national competitiveness, prepare for the growth of the renewable energy industry, and export industrialization through its strategic promotion of the smart grid. Given its inherent representativeness for Korean implementation of the smart grid and its growth potential, Jeju Island was selected by the Korean government as the site for smart grid testing in June 2009. This paper presents a new design for the electricity market and an operational scheme for testing Smart Electricity Services in the Jeju smart grid demonstration project. The Jeju smart grid test-bed electricity market is constructed on the basis of day-ahead and real-time markets to provide two-way electricity transaction environments. The experience of the test-bed market operation shows that the competitive electricity market can facilitate the smart grid deployment in Korea by allowing various demand side resources to be active market players.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

In recent decades, financial crises in various countries have often been preceded by the rise in non-performing loans (NPLs) in the banks' asset portfolios. The increase in NPLs is proven to have adverse impact on the banking sector so that understanding the determinant of NPLs is immensely crucial to ensure the efficiency and soundness of the overall economy. This study aims to shed light on bank-specific factors that affect loan default problems in developing countries whose banking sectors play a major role in the overall economy. This study analyzes panel data sets of 36 commercial banks listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the period 2008-2015. Applying fixed-effects panel regression model reveals that Indonesian banks' profitability and credit growth negatively influence the number of NPLs. Moreover, banks with higher profitability are proven to have lower NPLs because they can afford adequate credit management practices. Likewise, banks with higher credit growth evidently have lower NPLs in the sense that they demonstrate more specialized lending activity and thus have better credit management systems. These findings imply that, in order to lower loan defaults that can deteriorate banks' asset quality, banks should maintain their level of profitability and increase, rather than decrease, their credit supply to debtors.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-124
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• 2009

In this article, I were trying to analyze the listed manufacturing companies' trend of productivity and the corporate education & training effect after the financial crisis. According to the analysis, the listed manufacturing companies have decreased their productivity since financial crisis, and from such declining trend. jobless growth and a growth without physical and human capital investment has been observed. Furthermore, there is no efficient labor force coordination within the manufacturing industry; In order to analyze the effect of education & training investment on productivity more deeply, I have practiced the dynamic panel data analysis from constructing the micro panel data which consists of company level information 1997~2008. According to the consequences, dynamic panel data analysis solved the problem of the overestimating education & training effect fairly well.