• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.337-345
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• 2002

This study was designed to explore health promoting lifestyle patterns (HPLP) and self-care activities and identify related variables of patients with rheumatic disease. One hundred fifty rheumatic patients were recruited from two university based rheumatic centers according to selection criteria. Collected data were analyzed using SAS program through which with a structured questionnaire. T-test. ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were tested. The results were as follows: 1. The mean HPLP score of the subjects was 2.71, showed significant differences with economic condition and educational level. The better economic condition and more educated, showed the higher HPLP score. 2. They showed the highest practices in nutrition(mean score=3.11), and the lowest practices in exercise(mean score = 1.99). 3. The mean self-care activity score of the subjects was 3.36, showed significant differences with economic condition and educational level. The better economic condition and more educated, showed the higher self-care activity score. 4. The HPLP score of the subjects showed positive correlations with self-care activity score(r= .66). Developing health promotion programs focused on exercise and stress management is recommended not only for better health practices of patients with rheumatic disease but also for enhancing their level of well-being and life satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.143-178
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• 2012

This study analyzed the changes of welfare and labor market status of participants of Self-sufficiency Support Program in Korea thorough of analysis follow-up data which were collected about the experiences and changes of participants of the program in Gyeonggi province in 2005. As the results, many of participants exited from the program within five years, and hardly anyone depends on the welfare or the program, also there is very little the revolving door phenomenon. Whatever, the program have positive effects the changes of welfare and labor market status of them. Also, self-sufficiency communities, the small enterprises are started by more two participants and aim the economic independence of them and contribution to social economy have played important role for their persistent work and economic self-reliance. The people exited from the program, however, hardly succeed in exit from the welfare and their economic conditions still are not good. Therefore, we have to arrange the program for the participants' self-sufficiency, and we rather have to effort to secure their economic well-being than emphasize the immediately employment or establishment a business.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.27-34
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• 2020

Purpose: North Korea is a very close country geographically and culturally, but the nation has been one of the most secretive countries in the world. However, in recent years, North Korean society has been known to rapidly change its economic environment as well as its diplomatic and political environment. Since the gaining power of Jong-un, Kim in 2012, the North Korean government has implemented a new set of economic policies. North Korea has embraced limited market systems and mechanisms that have become a part of the formal planned economy. This study is concerned with the recent changes in the market and marketing activities of the communist country. It also seeks to gain an understanding of the changing market behavior of North Korean consumers. The purpose of this study is to enhance understanding of the market environments of North Korea and to provide appropriate implications for practitioners and researchers. Research design, data and methodology: Academic access to information that can understand North Korea's reality is minimal. Therefore, this study was conducted based on a qualitative analysis of secondary data. The existing literature on North Korea, related news and reports were the basis of the analysis. Analysis of secondary data related to North Korea was the main methodology of the study. Results: The official ideology of North Korea rejected most aspects of marketing, and yet there were marketing activities in North Korea. This article focuses on the development of market and marketing activities in North Korea during the recent years. This study indirectly confirmed that the market function is being activated in North Korea, and the basic functions of marketing such as advertisement, price, and distribution are being formed. In this process, the activation of the 'Jangmadang(market)' played a significant role. Conclusions: Research shows that North Korea is rapidly developing its own market function. In addition, marketing activities such as advertising and pricing strategies seem to be unprecedentedly active. However, due to changes in the political environment, the future development of North Korea's marketing is still in flux. Efforts to improve mutual understanding through continuous research are required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

Urban parks are progressing but are in chaos in the twenty-first century. Therefore the purposes of this study are to consider critically and classify the new paradigm of urban parks. Urban parks are one of the space products, and progressing aspects can be divided into three parts; supply, demand and market aspects. In the abstract, urban parks' progress represents process, openness or voidness, general and cultural ecology, productivity, experience program, identity or sense of place, carriers of urban regeneration, urban infrastructure, community space, multi-layered activity, active space, communication with urban space, tool of low carbon strategy and consilience. But urban parks have come under increased criticism about the long period development on trees growth, covering open space, limitation of general and cultural ecology, production, activity programs, identity and community space, visible urban regeneration, economic validity, urban sprawl, not using as the low carbon strategy, and finally negative consilience with contiguous fields. We collected these critical consideration about progressing urban parks, and proposed urban agricultural park as one of the alternative urban parks. This is closely connected with sustainable region development, low-carbon society, local food, well-being, Lohas paradigm and amenity of urban life.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.703-710
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• 2020

The stock market serves as a representation of economic well-being in a country. Along with the myriad of economic predictors, specific knowledge possession may lead to different macro consequences of stock performance and market value. This study empirically investigates the capacity of possessing excellent intellectual capital to increase the performance and values of listed banks in Indonesia. The selection of banks as the primary data represents such sectors' capability to attract, employ, or exploit the excellent internal capacity under the discussion of resource-based view theory. At best to the authors' knowledge, this topic's findings are still elusive and debatable upon considering the direct and indirect relationships between the proposed exogenous and endogenous variables. Eighteen listed banks form the panel data throughout 2011-2016. This study employs a path analysis and Sobel test to obtain the results of the proposed hypothesis. The results report some positive relationships of the intellectual capital to firms' performances and values, directly and indirectly, with a substantial effect on the second model compared to the first model. This study highlighted knowledge's capacity as a vital basis to gauge the banks' performance and valuation. However, a better formulation of intellectual capital is required to capture a better measurement.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.173-183
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• 2020

The paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam in 2000-2019 period. This study uses difference Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) to analyse panel data officially provided by General Statistical Office of Vietnam. The results show that market size impacts positively significant on FDI attraction: 1% -1.45% (PMG) and 1% -1.25% (GMM). Besides, some other factors have positive influences as labor force, macroeconomic policy, macroeconomic stability and skilled labor. Meantime, the trade openness negatively affects FDI inflows in the short-term, while not being statistically significant in the long-term. Moreover, economic shocks often have a negative impact on FDI inflows. The findings of this study lead to the following recommendations. First, authorities should pay special attention to encourage economic growth rate in Vietnam to expand market size because this is the first priority of foreign investors. Second, authorities need to continue increasing the rate of skilled labor, especially highly qualified management force, engineers and well-skilled workers. Third, the authorities should adjust trade openness to boost the role of its determinant in attracting FDI inflows. Fourth, macroeconomic stability needs to be governed by international standards in order to secure the belief of foreign investors in the long-term.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 1970

Bupyong lead-silver mine is located at outskirt of Inchon, a harbor city on the Yellow Sea about 40 km due west of Seoul. The geology of the area is composed of gneisses of pre-Cambrian age, rhyolite of Jurassic to Cretaceous age which extruded over the gneisses and late Cretaceous granite. Small diabasic dike is observed only in the underground. The contact plane between overlying rhyolite and underlain gneiss is sinuous and generally pitches about $30^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$ toward east. Conjugate joints and fissures are well developed in the rhyolite striking generally north-southward. Three ore bodies are being exploited and three more are under prospecting. These ore bodies range from few tons of hundred thousand to million tons in reserve. These ore bodies occur exclusively in the rhyolite along joints as network and/or desseminated type. The lower limit of ore bodies is always delineated at about 20~30m above the gneiss which might be indicative of ore genesis that has not been clearly explained so far. Two hypothesis on ore genesis could, however, be considered: firstly lithologic difference in the rhyolite might be a manifestation of different flows along which ore solution ascended and replaced along joints; secondly diabasic dike has acted as ore bringer since the dike contains considerable amount of silver, lead and zine. Ore minerals are galena and native silver accompanied by pyrite, argentite, pyragyrite and magnetite. It is believed that pyritization took place in advance to main mineralization, and ore deposit is classified as meso- to epi-thermal type.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.66-78
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• 2002

Process capability indices are being used as indicators for measurements of process capability for SPC of quality assurance system in industries. In view of the enhancement of customer satisfaction, process capability indices in which loss functions are used to deal with the economic loss In the processes deviated from the target, are in an adequate representation of the customer's perception of quality In this connection, the loss function has become increasingly important in quality assurance. Taguchi uses a modified form of the quadratic loss function to demonstrate the need to consider the proximity to the target while assessing its quality. But this traditional quadratic loss function is inadequate to assessing the quality and quality improvement since different processes have different sets of economic consequences on the manufacturing, Thereby, a flexible approach to the development of the loss function needs to be desired. In this paper, we introduce an easily understood loss function, based on reflection of probability density function of the normal distribution. That is, the Reflected Normal Loss function can be adapted to an asymmetric loss as well as to a symmetric loss around the target. We propose that, instead of the process variation, a new capability index, CpI using the Reflected Normal Loss Function that can accurately reflect the losses associated with the process and a new capability index CpI Is compared with the classical indices as $C_{p}$ , $C_{pk}$, $C_{pm}$ and $C_{pm}$ $^{+}$.>.+/./.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2020

Korea has failed to respond to the Middle East respiratory syndrome of 2015 and the early phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of 2020. This is due to the structural problems of the Ministry of Health and Welfare that has been more increased manpower and budgets of the welfare part relative to those of the health part, and the ministers were appointed welfare experts, not health experts. In 21 (56.8%) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, the Ministry of Health operates independently, and these countries have been relatively well coping with COVID-19. The importance of the Korean health sector is increasing even further. Korea faces on the emerging infectious diseases, chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis that has been being a huge burden, and rapidly increasing non-communicable diseases, suicide and mental disorders, and some diseases due to fine dust and climate change. In addition, the rapid advancement of the aging society, the entry of an era of ultra-low fertility and low-economic growth, and the unification of the Korean peninsula are calling for a health policy reform. Therefore, the Ministry of Health should be established and systematically responsible for health policy, disease policy, medical policy, and medical security policy. Ministry of Health will be the control tower for K-Disease Control, K-Bio, and K-Health.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-241
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• 2013

The notion of green growth emerged in 2009. Since then, policy makers and practitioners have largely adopted the term. Although rather intermittently, there have been academic observations on green growth, with the term often being cited as a paradigm and a policy guide for generating new sources of growth. The most important reasons for the surge in green growth today as a new trend and an international agenda item are the rather unsatisfactory results and pitfalls of sustainable development, which has failed at promoting a tangible international environmental principle or a concrete policy framework. Green growth has been proposed as an alternative simultaneously to foster the dynamics of global environmental governance and to reinvigorate the world economy. This study examines to what extent green growth plays a complementary role in existing global environmental governance. Available evidence provides reasonable grounds for arguing that a positive outcome may well be expected from the evolution of green growth architecture and followed by practical policies. It became a global agenda out of a few influential national governments' control. However, decision makers in the leading countries, both developed and developing must be willing to continue implementing what has been discussed and agreed thus far, beyond changes in political leadership and administrations.