• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.15
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

It was 1976 when the preparation of consolidated financial sheet was first prescribed in this nation. Since then, the prescription has been revised several times. Revised in April 1992, enforcement regulations of the Securities Exchange Act provided that every listed corporation has its consolidated financial sheets and an auditor's opinion about them attached to its business report. In other words, the outside audit of consolidated financial sheets became inevitable. The Act of the Outside Audit of Corporation was revised in December 1993 to provide that all corporations must prepare consolidated financial sheets and receive the outside audit of the documents beginning their settlement of accounts in December 1994. In case of overseas corporations, consolidated financial sheets and the Equity Law have been applied since their settlement of accounts in December 1995. Now those sheets must be prepared by all local and overseas corporations that involve relations of governance or dependence. The preparation and public notification of consolidated financial sheets has been settled as a system. This nation has not yet introduced consolidated tax return using consolidated financial sheets. Such tax return system is already being used by most of the world's economic powers such as U.S., Europe and Japan. This study shows that reduction in corporation tax is the biggest reason for avoiding consolidated tax return system, even though the system can facilitate the settlement of consolidated accounting. Consolidated tax return, which is being implemented in about 20 countries including U.S., needs to be introduced by this nation where consolidated financial sheets are publicly notified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Busan Ocean Industry Expo on ocean related industries and Busan regional economy. The study analyzed the effects of the various projects related to Busan Ocean Industry Expo and answered the question of how to link the effects to development of ocean related industries as well as the economic activation of Busan area. To attain this goal, first of all, this study attempted to analyze status of ocean related industries, characteristics of existing exposition and opinion of enterprises. To maximize the above positive effects of Busan Ocean Industry Expo, several strategic alternatives were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.416-423
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• 2013

An adjusted assessment model based on benefit-cost analysis (BCA) is proposed for evaluating the economic efficiency of automated construction technologies. In contrast to conventional BCA, the model does not compare monetary values, but the differences in benefits and costs between traditional and automated construction methods. To verify the usefulness of the model, it was applied to a real-scale building construction project that used a fully automated building construction system, and the face validity of the model was confirmed. The results indicate that the model can support decision makers in identifying valuable benefit factors and in assessing the cost effectiveness of the system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

In case of bus rollover, the body structure of the bus should be designed to ensure the survival space for passengers. So, this study focuses on evaluating rollover strength through a computer simulation using the commercial code, LS-DYNA3D at the initial stage of vehicle development. For this study, section structure was modeled using a simple beam element, and impact boundary conditions required by ECE(Economic Commission for Europe) regulation No.66 were applied. In order to confirm the validity of the beam element bus model, the results compared with the test results and shell element bus model. The analysis errors from beam element bus model are due to the difference in strain energy of joint area between beam and shell model. In this study, a method for the joint modeling was suggested by using nonlinear springs to which the collapse mechanisms were applied.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2010

In today's uncertain economic environment, the evaluation of safety for investment alternatives is of practical importance in manufacturing companies. This paper examines a method of quantitatively evaluating profitability and risk for multiple alternatives using the total-cost unit-cost domain. The paper assumes such factors as unit sales price, sales and production volume, unit variable cost, fixed cost, and yield for each alternative. The paper incorporates the relationship between production capacity and demand, distinguishing between cases of production capacity surplus and shortage for each year over the entire planning horizon. The paper investigates the case in which the values of each factor independently move in the direction of decreasing profit each year, and clarifies the procedure of comparing safety among multiple investment alternatives on a single consolidated total-cost unit-cost domain. The difficulty of the problem lies in the method of consolidating multiple total-cost unit-cost domains into a single domain since the combination of years of capacity surplus and shortage depends upon the change values in each factor under consideration. A systematic method of evaluating profitability as well as risk is presented, and the validity of the proposed method is verified using a numerical example.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.585-593
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• 2021

The service industry has become the driving force of economic development in recent years. With the current fierce competitive situation, competing businesses have continually provided a superior quality of service, and an excellent perceived brand image to gain customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. This study's current purpose is to empirical research the linking between service quality, brand image, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. We collect research data from 299 consumers who bought goods at supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, using a convenient sampling technique. We proposed the conceptual model from prior studies and considered it in Vietnam's context. PLS-SEM was conducted to test the relationships in the conceptual model. We have estimated the scale's reliability by Cronbach's alpha values and composite reliability values. Moreover, we have evaluated discriminant validity by the Fornell-Larcker standard. The findings showed that service quality positively affects the brand image, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Likewise, the results also confirmed brand image had a positive impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Moreover, the outcomes also disclosed that customer satisfaction had a positive relationship with customer loyalty. The research suggested implications for managers, limitations, and directions for future research from the above findings.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to generate industrial insights for developing sports movie industry. Related studies are scare. Research design, data, and methodology: The study employed case study and selected typical case samples who seem informative about sport movie industry. The authors interviewed six experts who are experienced in sport movie and related academic sector. Interviews were audio-taped and the text were decoded by multiple reading. Through this process, the study categorized significant meanings and produced results. Interviewees reviewed again the final findings to confirm validity, which calls member check. Results: It was suggested that developmental factors of sports movie were the realization of realistic sports scenes by using technologies. Second, participants told that contents of sport movie need to reflect real stories and it should tell the stories. Regarding constraints of sport movies, movie producers feel difficulty to make scenes in that sports are inherently quickly performed. Another constraints are that production cost is expensive but audiences are barely attended. Conclusions: For promoting economic outcomes and developing sport movie industry, government needs to financially support related markets to support sport movie producers assisting them to concentrate their movie works. Future directions for related-studies were discussed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.493-504
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• 2022

Purpose - This study investigate the effect of innovative capacity on corporate export performance and moderating flexibility. Design/methodology/approach - For this, hypotheses were established by reviewing previous studies and an empirical analysis was conducted for testing. Using SPSS 22.0, a frequency analysis of related variables was conducted. Through an exploratory factor analysis, validity and reliability tests of measuring tools were conducted and a descriptive statistics was analyzed for collected data result and hypotheses testing. Findings - Finally, with a verified model, the hypotheses and the moderating effects were tested. The results are as follows; The innovationa capacities have a positive effect on export performance and flexibility However, the flexbilitiy was not moderator in the relationship between innovative capacity and export performance. Research implications or Originality - According to the results above, this study presents directions to improve export performance of technological innovative type SMEs. The innovative capabilities, marketing capacity, organization innovative capacity and process innovative capactity, has an positive effect on

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2022

Maritime accidents result in enormous economic loss and loss of life; thus, such accidents must be prevented, and risks must be managed to prevent these occurrences Risk management must be based on statistical evidence such as variables. Because calculating when variables increase statistically can be difficult, compressing the designated variables is necessary to use the maritime accident data in Korea. Thus, in this study, variables of marine accident data are compressed using statistical methods. The date, ship type, and marine accident type included in all maritime accident data were extracted, the number of optimal variables was confirmed using the hierarchical clustering analysis method, and the data were compressed. For the compressed variables, the validity of the data use was statistically confirmed using analysis of variance, and the data of the variables identified using the variable compression method were designated. Consequently, among the monthly and yearly data, statistical significance was confirmed in yearly data, and compression was possible. The significance of the data was confirmed in six and eight types of ships and accidents, respectively, and these were compressed. These results can be directly used for prevention or prediction based on past maritime accident data. Additionally, the data range extracted from past maritime accidents and the number of applicable data will be studied in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.41-51
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• 2022

Carbon neutrality is emerging as a new paradigm for the international society by transiting from climate change to climate risk. This study proposes evaluation methods for the carbon reduction contribution of climate-related national R&D projects in order to introduce a green budget system in the agricultural sector. We considered the domestic and foreign green budget systems and classified national R&D projects into positive, negative, and neutral from the perspective of carbon reduction. The results of this study propose three methods to estimate the monetary costs and carbon benefits by adopting the framework for the economic evaluation of national R&D projects conducted by the Rural Development Administration. These methods support to evaluate the potential contribution to carbon reduction of national R&D projects in the agricultural sector. Finally, the proposed methods were tested and verified for the efficiency and validity of evaluating carbon reduction contribution. These evaluation methods of the carbon reduction contribution can be used as a basic methodology for the pre-budget calculations of national R&D projects and the contribution for the greenhouse gas reduction budget.