• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.257-265
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• 2020

Parts obsolescence is a component type, in which raw materials or parts that make up a weapons system, are developed and produced according to demand, but they age due to changes in technology or market conditions. The weapon system equipment currently being used by the military is having difficulty in procurement, maintenance, and operation because of the obsolescence of parts. Parts obsolescence during the life cycle of a weapons system affects not only the combat readiness of the military but also the economic loss of material, parts, and equipment manufacturers and suppliers. On the other hand, advanced technology has reduced the life span of electronic components that make up the weapons system. In addition, because of the nature of the weapons system, the obsolescence of components takes decades from development to disposal, which has a serious adverse effect on equipment readiness and life cycle costs. Therefore, it is necessary to manage systematically the parts obsolescence from development until the disposal of the weapons system equipment. This study examined the system of component control in developed countries to present a proper management plan for local situations and propose development plans for the early settlement of component control.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.593-602
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• 2020

Power cables installed in domestic factories or underground can cause accidents depending on the manufacturing process, installation, and environmental conditions during use. When an accident occurs in a power cable, it can cause enormous economic loss and social confusion. Hence, the importance of preventive management of the cable through diagnosis is increasing to prevent it. Therefore, in this paper, a diagnostic sample cable was produced by simulating a part that could be a problem due to the installation, manufacturing defects, or deterioration of cables that can occur in the field. Dielectric loss Tangent (tan 𝛿; TD), and Partial Discharge(PD) tests were performed. Partial discharge and AC (60Hz) withstand voltage equipment using High-Frequency Current Transformer (HFCT) were applied After applying a VLF (Very Low Frequency) power supply with a frequency of 0.1Hz was applied. As a result, B and C phase defect samples at a 2.0U₀ voltage through the VLF could measure the internal partial discharge in the A-phase normal sample cable from the noise at a 0.5U₀ to 2.0U₀ voltage. In addition, the 1.5U₀ voltage was measured through the AC (60Hz) withstand voltage equipment of the commercial frequency to verify its effectiveness. Partial discharge in the run-off state was measured at a voltage of 1.0U₀, and there was a risk when installing the equipment. AC power equipment showed a difficulty of movement by volume or weight. The diagnostic method, through the VLF of the quadrant state, revealed its safety and effectiveness.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2011

Koreans have undergone many changes in dietary patterns with economic growth. The purpose of this research was to examine changes in dietary patterns using data from the 1998, 2001, and 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study included 21,525 subjects (8,295 from 1998, 6,880 from 2001, and 6,350 from 2005) who were 20 years or older and who participated in a 24-h diet recall. The percentage energy intake from 22 food groups was calculated, and a cluster analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. Two dietary patterns emerged; the first pattern was characterized by high intake of white rice, legumes, vegetables, kimchi, and seaweeds, the so-called "traditional" pattern (53%), whereas the other pattern was characterized by high intake of other grains, noodle dumplings, floured bread, pizza, hamburgers, cereals and snacks, potatoes, sugared sweets, nuts, fruits, meat·its products, eggs, fish, milk and dairy products, oils, beverages and seasoning, or the so-called "modified" pattern. The modified pattern comprised a higher proportion of younger aged, metropolitan residents with more education and higher incomes. However, the gender distribution was not significantly different. The modified pattern had a significantly higher intake of all nutrients except carbohydrates and had a higher proportion of energy from fat and protein. No association with a risk for metabolic syndrome was found for either dietary pattern. After age was standardized, the traditional pattern included 52% of the respondents in 1998, 54% in 2001, and 50% in 2005. However, the modified pattern was significantly more prevalent in the younger age group (20-29 yr), whereas the traditional pattern increased significantly in the older age group (${\geq}$ 65 yr). In conclusion, a secular trend was found for dietary pattern by age group, suggesting that it is necessary to monitor the changes in dietary pattern by age group and to develop appropriate dietary education and guidelines.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.33-75
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• 2011

The ownership structure of a franchise system is determined by the franchisor's strategic choice. A close look at the extant theories and perspectives in economics and management such as resource scarcity theory, agency theory, transaction cost analysis, and mixed ownership theory reveals that firms choose their ownership structure for the sake of economic efficiency, profit potentials, the chance of survival, and other strategic concerns. The present study, on the basis of strategic choice perspective, reviews the divergent theories of a franchise system's ownership structure and its determinants, thus providing a theoretical framework for comparing the contradictory arguments along the several critical dimensions. We also developed and tested the conflicting hypotheses regarding key determinants of ownership structure including firm's age, size, transaction-specific investments, uncertainty, and risk-sharing propensity. Using a FDD (Franchise Disclosure Document) data set of 543 Korean franchisors, we found that the years in business, the total number of employees, days of training, the inverse of the years of franchising, and the requirement of royalty payment have positive relationships with the proportion of company-owned outlets to total number of outlets. On the other hand, the proportion of company-owned outlets was found to have negative relationships with the total number of outlets and the extent of geographic dispersion of outlets, but to have no significant relationships with the initial investment required and the inverse of contract length. Based on the findings, we provide several theoretical and managerial implications for studying ownership structure of franchise systems.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

Purpose - It suggests that making a policy and strategies for a way of Dubai has a strong priority strategy on science and technology by using much oil dollars to prepare risk when oil dollar's decrease. This has been now investigated how the leading innovator has changed the periphery countries. Research design, data, and methodology - Analyze policy, status, what other neighbouring Middle East countries also want to benchmark a successful case of a leading Dubai strategy. Higher manpower is needed absolutely to develop S&T. and etc. Dubai and Arab countries establish university to nurture as well as invite the talented manpower from overseas to recover deficient manpower. Dubai built totally academy city and invited branch of the overseas famous university, and Saudi Arabia built university(KAUST) and invite faculty and support good scholarship for students. Abrab countries especially, This is studied the process of differentiating and integrating the migrant workers of these cities into the globalized cities. This has resulted in large-scale employment for foreign and local companies in these cities and the spread of science and innovation. Results - Dubai supports venture or SMEs by using a strong priority strategy and attracts foreigner's investor, with which the neighbouring countries have been preparing together for 4th wave. It demonstrates that the gravitational model has been activated from neighboring countries of innovation science to create Dubai's hub. The maturity of long-term urban innovation is related to innovation capability through the national response and review. As a result, the flow of skilled international migration has been localized because of the mutual intersection with the local employment structure, and the development has spread as it spreads to neighboring countries. Conclusion - For the exploiting of new Distribution market in the neighbouring countries, Middle East countries' a strong priority strategy on S&T and education system give an influence on economic situation of the 4th wave in the world and world order of leading by USA, Japan, or EU, and etc. This is due to the creation of clusters in the form of SEZs, friendly industrial policies and world-class infrastructure and innovation development. Its neighbours benchmark the cases of distribution of science innovation and centralizes the surrounding people.

• Strategy21
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• s.45
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• pp.5-32
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• 2019

The paper introduces US Indo-Pacific Strategy and discusses its meanings and implications for international security and our strategy. It tries to look at the Indo-Pacific strategy(IPS) through the lenses of international political theories. The paper provides three important observations. First, the US Indo-Pacific strategy is a declaration of the national identity of the US as an Indo-Pacific nation. The paper argues that the IPS reflects the US leadership that would facilitate the formation of, so called, the Indo-Pacific community. In arguing these points, the paper notes that the IPS has rich elements of constructivist approaches including norms and national identity. Second, the paper observes that the IPS report serves as an effective deterrent strategy. The IPS does not call out China as an enemy. But, it tries to deter against a range of actors including China by warning that whoever violates the rules-based order in the region would have consequences. Third, the paper maintains that the IPS is an effort by the US to mitigate the risk of a great power war between the US (an established power) and China (a challenging power) because the IPS articulates the United States's willingness to work with China as long as it plays by the rules. There will be challenges to the US and other countries in the region including South Korea particularly because of economic interdependence. However, the paper argues that the IPS stands for an optimistic sign of the future security in the Indo-Pacific region because it is a manifestation of the US for its national will to defend the status quo characterized as Pax Americana which has been maintained since the end of the Second World War. It also argues that South Korea also can, and should make the most of this opportunity by enhancing our capacity in national defense.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

Based on Income-approach, this study develops the evaluation model which reflects construction industry's traits. Using Income approach, we derive future income's present value and evaluates the technological value by contribution to future income. As there exist more random variables in construction technology than in standardized manufactured products, we cannot help relying on not only quantitative estimation method but also qualitative evaluation by technology and market experts when we estimates construction technology value. Also, conservative estimation is needed for discount rate and cash-flow estimation, because of high uncertainty in sales and profits in construction industry. In empirical analysis, we applied economic periods of duration and cash-flow based on the standard guideline, and analyzed discount rate and technology factor based on characteristics of construction industry. The discount rate is estimated to 15% because of risk-premium increase by conservative evaluation. Technology factor is estimated to 46.7%, because technological intensity is estimated to 72% by technological superiority. Such implications can be inferred. Firstly, we need to build a database to diversify categories for division of sectors by activity or industrial classification which is now categorized only by two sectors in standard guideline. Secondly, the roles of experts who participate in technology evaluation are important because of volatility of construction technology.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-144
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• 2002

This longitudinal quasi-experimental research was conducted to develop parent role education program and to evaluate the effect of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their healthy mothers. The sample consisted of eighteen mother-infant dyads for intervention group and sixteen dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th in 1999 to Jun 20th in 2000. The intervention group received programmed education consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting care. But control group were collected data without programmed education. In this study, the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale(NCATS) devised by Barnard was used to determine the mother-infant interaction, HOME was used to determine the childrearing environment, and Griffiths mental development scale was used to determine the infant development. The data were analyzed using SPSS Win using chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. This study was focused on the results of twelve months time point. Summaries of the results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in mother-infant interaction(NCATS) between intervention group and control group. But both of two groups showed significantly higher in interaction score at twelve months than at six months in the subscales of social-emotional growth fostering, and responsiveness to caregiver. 2. There was no significant difference in childrearing environment(HOME) between two groups at twelve months. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of maternal involvement with child(p=.001), and maternal emotional-verbal responsivity(p=.048). 3. There was no significant difference in GQ of the Griffiths mental development scale between two groups, although significant difference was found in performance subscale. 4. Infant development at twelve months showed significant correlation with mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at six months, although mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at twelve months did not show significant correlations with infant development at twelve months. 5. Developmental scores at six months showed significant correlations with variety in daily stimulation, and mother's emotional, verbal responsivity, whereas developmental scores at twelve months showed significant correlations with acceptance of child behavior at six months, and appropriate play material at twelve months. In conclusion, the maternal education program for primipara showed long term effect in some categories in organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. We suggest further study and implications of parent role education program for high risk parents such as parents in low economic status or with premature babies.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-40
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• 1990

Rapid industrialization has induced the migration of rural people to urban areas. Such migration has created enlarged the existing low income group. Residents of low income area have increased health risk owing to their poor living environment, low income. overwork and inappropriate health care. The general objective of this study was to group the pattern of medical care utilization of low income group. The specific objectives were to identify disease prevalence and medical care utilization of low income group. To meet the objectives of this study, household interview method was applied. A total of 1845 households in 5 areas such as Bongchon 5th Dong, Bongchon 2nd Dong, Sanggae 5th Dong, Sanggae 4th Dong, and Shinrim 7th Dong were visited and interviewed by field team during the period from April 19 to May 3. 1989. The major findings obtained from the information collected were as follows : The Number of room per household used was one to two rooms. The employment state of the head of household disclosed that 88.6% had a job and the remaining 11.4% were unemployed. The average monthly income was 502,770won. however, 30% of the total income was less than 300,000 won in Bongchon 5th dong area. and 34.5% in Shinrim 7th Dong area. 41.3% of households had debts, which was consisted of household expense(33.4%), income formulation(22.7%) and medical care cost(15.9%) etc. Prevalence rate of diseases during the preceding 30days before the date of the household interview was 387.7 per 1000 persons. The prevalence rate of female was higher than that of male. 8.9% of the sick persons wasn't receiving any medical treatment, and the main reasons of which were lack of economic availability(43.3%) and feeling of non treatment needed(33.7%). According to the study results it was found that the prevalence rate of chroic diseases and the disabled in low income resident areas was higher than that in the other areas. Therefore, the health status of this group should be improved through PHC approaches. In addition. in order to prevent the diseases and promote the health of those people, the health center as well as health subcenter should be strengthened.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.134-142
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• 2012

Objectives : Childhood depressive disorder one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school aged children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of childhood depressive disorder in Korea. Methods : In this study, a survey was conducted of elementary school children in the Cheonan area from September 2009 to August 2010. A total of 12,084 children were included in the analyses. The primary measure of depression was the 27-item Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Korean Dupaul attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scales (K-ARS), Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire (RLSQ) were also administered. Results : The prevalence rate of childhood depressive disorder was 3.07%. The mean age was $9.21{\pm}1.81$ years for the control group (5,969 male, 6,054 female) and $9.91{\pm}1.83$ years for the depression group (CDI score${\geq}$22 ; 159 male, 210 female). Age, height, weight, and economic status were similar for the two groups. However, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of sex. The distribution of school grade also differed between the two groups. Scores for CDI, K-ARS, and ASSQ in the depressive group were higher than those of the control group. Conclusions : This is the first large-scale population-based study to report on the prevalence of childhood depressive disorder in South Korea. Increased rates of childhood depressive disorder, as reported by primary caretakers, might reflect the increasing negative impact of environmental risk factors on neurobehavioral health. Longitudinal study of the prevalence of childhood depressive disorder should be considered for further evaluation.