• STI Policy Review
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2011

Korea has rapidly increased R&D investment over the last few decades and the intensity of R&D investment is among the highest in the world; however, there are serious concerns about R&D performance and R&D efficiency. This study is to improve the economic assessment methodology regarding a feasibility study for national R&D programs that are thought to be one of the most prominent ways to enhance R&D efficiency. In order to improve the methodology of economic assessment, a few of important factors such as technical or market uncertainty, spillover effect, and R&D contribution ratio should be covered in the model. The focus of this article is technological and market uncertainty that has a close relation with strategic flexibility and utilization potential to increase the value of R&D programs. To improve the current linear and definitive R&D process, a new framework with strategic flexibility is suggested, in which the result of economic assessment that considers technological and market uncertainty is reflected in planning. That kind of feedback process is expected to enhance the value of the program/project as well as R&D efficiency.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2014

Since the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) would be started in 2012, the use of renewable energy should be 11% of total energy use including bio-fuel in 2030. The economic efficiency for renewable energy in B power plant was considered with the bio-diesel, wind power and solar power. The Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit/Cost Ratio(BC) were used for the economic efficiency with the cost and benefit analysis. In case of bio-diesel, the cost resulted from the fuel conversion and the benefit would be created with trade and environmental improvement. With regard to wind power and solar power, the construction cost would be required and benefit factors would be same as the bio-diesel. The wind power was the best of economic efficiency of renewable energy as the results of NPV and BC ratio. Whereas, the market of wind power was very popular and the techniques of wind power has been developing rapidly.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.281-289
• /
• 2013

For the purpose of evaluating the eco-efficiency(EE) on surplus heat generated from industrial process, techniques of life cycle assessment are adopted in this study. Because it can be indicated both environmental impacts and economic benefits, EE is well known as a useful tool for symbiosis network on the sustainable development of new projects and businesses. To evaluate environmental impacts, the categories were divided into two areas of resource depletion and global warming potential. It can be seen that environmental impact increased a little but much higher economic benefit on the company, environmental performance and economic value were improved on the apartment by the district heating, respectively. In result, eco-industrial park(EIP) project on surplus heat should be found sustainable new business because the EE was in the area of fully positively eco-efficiency and, moreover resource depletion was taken place than the reduction of greenhouse gas.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제22권11호
• /
• pp.1547-1554
• /
• 1998

The object of this study was to develop an economic assessment program for the optimal design of the cogeneration systems composed of combining engine, generator, waste heat recovery exchanger, absorption chiller, and boiler, etc. The energy demand categorized by electric power, heating, cooling and water supply was determined by statistical data of the existing cogeneration systems. An economic assessment was performed by comparing the total cost of cogeneration system with that of non-cogeneration system. The total cost was evaluated by adding initial investment to operational cost considering efficiency of equipment, cost of equipment, fuel and electricity. To confirm the validity of the developed program, a hotel building with an area of $127,960m^2$ was selected, and the simulated results were compared with the measured data. The difference between the simulated and the measured values for the selected hotel building was approximately 12% for annual electric consumption.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.269-279
• /
• 2011

Sustainability assessments tend to integrate ecological, social, and economic concerns. Sustainability assessment could be considered the highest rung in the assessment ladder. Broad strategies that seek to integrate individual SEA(Strategic Environmental Assessment) could be subjected to a sustainability assessment. Sustainability assessment could incorporate global and transboundary effects and priorities into SEA and project-level EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment). SEA could provide an environmental context and direction for project-level EIA. Procedural and substantive EIA requirements can be addressed through tiering such as sustainability assessment, SEA, project-level EIA. In Korea, PERS(Prior Environmental Review System) that has been utilized to evaluate administrative plans related with various kinds of development projects should be evolved not only to incorporate environmental impacts into early stage decision-making, but also to implicate sustainability assessments that include social equity and economic efficiency. Integration of SEA and sustainability assessment can be initiated through the application of DPSIR (Driving Force - Pressure - State - Impact - Response ) framework that was developed by European Environmental Agency.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.103-135
• /
• 2013

본 논문은 '경쟁제고'와 '반사실'의 두 가지 핵심 개념을 중심으로 경쟁제한적 기업결합 심사에서 항변으로 고려되는 효율성 및 파산기업 문제의 경제적 근거와 인정 요건들을 정합적으로 설명한다. 효율성 항변에 대해서는 그 경제적 근거가 효율성 증대 자체보다 효율성 증대가 초래하는 경쟁제고 효과에 있음을 강조한다. 파산기업 항변에 대해서는 당해 기업결합이 진행된 후의 경쟁 상황이 그렇지 않은 반사실 경우의 그것과 크게 다르지 않다는 점이 주요 경제적 근거라고 설명한다. 이러한 이해 방식은 최근의 관련 국제 논의 및 경쟁법 선진국들이 운용하고 있는 기업결합 가이드라인에 공통으로 나타나고 있는 것이다. 이러한 이해를 바탕으로 할 경우 항변의 인정 요건들도 정합적으로 설명된다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 이러한 이해를 바탕으로 그 간의 국내 기업결합 심사 사례들에 대한 분석을 통해 우리나라 "기업결합심사기준"에 대한 개선 방향을 제시한다. 효율성과 관련해서는 소비자 이전 가능성 요건 합병 특유성 인정 요건으로서의 제3자와의 기업결합 문제 등을 논의하며, 파산기업과 관련해서 경제적 근거 포함 문제 등을 논의한다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2008

Economic assessment of solar thermal power generation systems was carried out by calculating the levelized electricity cost. Four different commercial (or near commercial) solar thermal power systems (parabolic trough system, power tower system with saturated steam, power tower system with molten salts, and dish-stilting system) were considered for assessment. The assessment also included sensitivity analysis covering the effects of system capacity, direct normal insolation, and the system efficiency.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2024

The present paper deals with a comprehensive study about dynamic performance and educational economic assessment of nanocomposite structures, while it focuses on truncated conical shells. Advanced structure dynamic behavior has been analyzed by means of AI techniques, which allow one to predict and optimize their performances with good accuracy for different loading and environmental conditions. The incorporation of the AI method significantly enhances the computational efficiency and is a powerful tool in designing nanocomposites and for their structural analysis. Further, an educational assessment is provided in the context of cost and practicality related to such structures in engineering education. This study showcases the capabilities of AI-enabled methods with regard to cost reduction, improvement of structural efficiency, and enhancement of learning engagement for students through certain practical examples on state-of-the-art nanocomposite technology. The results also confirm a remarkable capability of artificial intelligence regarding the optimization of both dynamic and economic aspects, which could be highly valued for further development of nanocomposite structures.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2008

This paper describes to determine optimum main particulars of warships which satisfy user's requirements in a concept design stage with minimum construction cost and maximum transportation efficiency. Present worth was used as an assessment criteria of the economical efficiency. And Pareto optimal set was used to have the optimum design.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제55권5호
• /
• pp.415-423
• /
• 2022

Economic evaluations in the healthcare are used to assess economic efficiency of pharmaceuticals and medical interventions such as diagnoses and medical procedures. This study introduces the main concepts of economic evaluation across its key steps: planning, outcome and cost calculation, modeling, cost-effectiveness results, uncertainty analysis, and decision-making. When planning an economic evaluation, we determine the study population, intervention, comparators, perspectives, time horizon, discount rates, and type of economic evaluation. In healthcare economic evaluations, outcomes include changes in mortality, the survival rate, life years, and quality-adjusted life years, while costs include medical, non-medical, and productivity costs. Model-based economic evaluations, including decision tree and Markov models, are mainly used to calculate the total costs and total effects. In cost-effectiveness or costutility analyses, cost-effectiveness is evaluated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which is the additional cost per one additional unit of effectiveness gained by an intervention compared with a comparator. All outcomes have uncertainties owing to limited evidence, diverse methodologies, and unexplained variation. Thus, researchers should review these uncertainties and confirm their robustness. We hope to contribute to the establishment and dissemination of economic evaluation methodologies that reflect Korean clinical and research environment and ultimately improve the rationality of healthcare policies.