• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2013

The main objective of this study lies at examining economic features of IT security investment and comparing alternative mechanisms to achieve optimal provision of IT security resources within a firm. There exists a paucity of economic analysis that provide useful guidelines for making critical decisions regarding the optimal level of provision of IT security and how to share the costs among different users within a firm. As a preliminary study, this study first argues that IT security resources share some unique characteristics of pure public goods, namely nonrivalry of consumption and nonexcludability of benefit. IT security provision problem also suffers from information asymmetry problem with regard to the valuation of an individual user for IT security goods. Then, through an analytical framework, it is shown that the efficient provision condition at the overall firm level is not necessarily satisfied by individual utility maximizing behavior. That is, an individual provision results in a suboptimal solution, especially an underprovision of the IT security good. This problem is mainly due to the nonexcludability property of pure public goods, and is also known as a free-riding problem. The fundamental problem of collective decision-making is to design mechanisms that both induce the revelation of the true information and choose an 'optimal' level of the IT security good within this framework of information asymmetry. This study examines and compares three alternative demand-revealing mechanisms within the IT security resource provision context, namely the Clarke-Groves mechanism, the expected utility maximizing mechanism and the Groves-Ledyard mechanism. The main features of each mechanism are discussed along with its strengths, weaknesses, and different applicability in practice. Finally, the limitations of the study and future research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.408-420
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• 2011

This study identifies the fashion luxury customer segments grouped by expenditures and the number of purchasing brands to verify the effects of perceived luxury consumption values on the intention to maintain a brand relationship for each group. A survey questionnaire was developed and implemented to collect data to measure fashion luxury expenditures, number of purchasing brands, luxury customer values, intention to maintain brand relationships, and demographic variables. A total of 326 responses were analyzed by factor analysis, multiple regression, one-way ANOVA, and $X^2$ analysis with SPSS18.0. Respondents were grouped by luxury expenditures; in addition, the number of purchasing brands were grouped into four segments of Switching/Heavy (31.6%), Switching/Light (19.9%), Loyal/Heavy (31.3%), and Loyal/Light (7.2%) Customer Group, that was different in terms of age and marital status. When the luxury customer value for the most patronized luxury brand was factor analyzed, five distinctive sub dimensions were identified, such as Social Value, Aesthetic/Expressive Value, Experiential Value, Quality Value, and Economic Value. For the Loyal/Heavy Group, the Experiential Value had a significant effect on the customer intention to maintain a brand relationship. For the Loyal/Light group, the Aesthetic /Expressive and Economic Value had a significant effect, and for the Switching/Heavy and Switching/Light Group, Quality and Economic Value had a significant effect on the customer intention to maintain a brand relationship. In conclusion, each luxury customer value in the behavioral segments works differently in influencing the intention to maintain a brand relationship. In addition, the implications for retail strategy were discussed based on the findings.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.462-470
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• 2015

This study examined for which socio-economic difference effects on brain function and Problem behavior syndrome in children. About a children with no disorders, diseases or cognitive dysfunction-30 were from LIC children and another 30, from MC ones, the study was conducted by measuring and analyzing the data using brain function analysis and K-CBCL from January to April, 2013. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that the ratio of LIC's theta(${\Theta}$) and SMR waves and that of delta(${\delta}$), high beta(${\beta}h$), alpha(${\alpha}$) and low beta(${\beta}l$) waves showed significantly higher values than MC children. Second, concerning the symptoms of child behavioral problems, LIC showed significantly higher values than MC children in symptoms of the body, depression and anxiety, social immaturity, thinking problems, attention problems, aggression, internalization, externalization, overall behavioral problems, and emotional instability. MC children showed significantly higher values than LIC chidren in symptoms of social, academic-performance, total social skills. In conclusion, the significant difference of the brain functions and the symptoms of child behavioral problems between LIC and MC children showed that the socio-ecnomic difference has an influence on the same functions and symptoms above.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.653-663
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• 2018

This study is a descriptive survey to examine the dementia related attitudes and dementia preventive behaviors in middle aged and to determine the relationships between the both sides. In this study, between October 1st and 9th, 2017, data were collected from the middle aged people in their 40s~60s in Korea through online questionnaires. Finally, 220 questionnaires were analyzed by t-test One way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and etc. The results of the study are as follows. First, 52.7% of the subjects were interested in prevention of dementia, but only 5.9% of them had experience of receiving education related to dementia. Second, fear of dementia was higher than cancer, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease, but confidence in coping with the disease, expectation of the possibility of maintaining the daily life, expectation of the help of the family and the surrounding people, expectation of the national medical and economic support were significantly lower. Third, as the dementia preventive behaviors were implemented, the confidence in overcoming the disease, the expectation of the possibility of maintaining the daily life, the expectation of the help of the family and the surrounding people, the expectation of the medical and economic support of the country increased and the burden of the treatment cost was lowered. As a result, it is thought that this personal and social effort will improve the quality of life of the people by reducing physical, psychological, social and economic problems caused by dementia.

• Strategy21
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• s.41
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• pp.174-207
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• 2017

Human history shows diverse strategies for survival and prosperity. This study introduces the concept of the expansion of wealth as a key to explain choice and behavior of political entities. American scholar, -Bruce Bueno de Mesquita-, offers theoretical grounds for this concept in that the cores of selectorate theory is settled. The political entity consists of two groups, -the winning coalition that has power to replace leader and non-winning coalition that has not. Leaders implement policies serving for the welfare of winning coalition in return for their loyalty. Both internal problems caused by demographic changes and external ones of climate changes, epidemic disease, or invasion compel leader and winning coalition to adopt policies of expansion that they believe may lead to the acquisition of wealth needed to counter those problems. The process starts by occupying one spot where other entities reside and then connecting it to its own. The line between spots functions as a foothold to form a new line to other spots. By repeating this process, a space is created in which new laws and orders are instated. In the early stage of expansion, war is hardly avoidable. Once finished successfully, the political circumstance tilts to encourage economic activities in order to generate national revenues to strengthen political power of winning coalition. However, as scale of economic activities grows, so does political power of civic classes in production and trade. To gain financial support required to run the political entity, delegation of power or bestowing autonomy to non-winning coalition is inevitable. Thus, expansion is not the ultimate solution, only to prolong the political survival if succeed. Maritime power came to attractive option when overland expansion had become obstructed. It offered much greater advantages in terms of political risks and financial burdens in exploring new regions of precious commodities than overland expansion. Each political entity around world have been, for the first time in human history, connected by maritime means since 15th century. It is worthy of noting that land conditions propelled people out to sea. Political and economic situations created opportunities to exploit geographical position in pursuit of wealth. In the 21st century, we witness the operation of international winning coalition that presides over the rules of expansion. Competing for market is synonymous to the expansion in this era, the cause and aim of it has not been changed though. Energy and dollars are key factors of expansion since the end of the 2nd world war. No matter what the forms and conditions change, naval power is still the most relevant means for expansion as it retains unique characters of maneuver, flexibility, continuity, display and projection of power. The strategy for using naval power should be in line with two different approaches for expansion: Approaches to the international winning coalition by making contribution to world order, and approaches to the non-international winning coalition by enhancing military diplomatic activities. The former will serve our share of winning coalition while the latter will open chances to acquire further prosperity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.165-182
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• 1994

Korea's clothing industry which has been country's leading export industry and basic strategical industry is now faced with many difficulties both domestically and internationally. Domestically it is faced with continuing shortage of manpower in both production line and management high labour cost causing increase in price putting more weight on behavior of consumers resulting in change of industrial environment and continuing structural problems of industry itself. Internationally it is faced with strengthening of import regulations and protectionism of developed countries and rapid emergence of underdeveloped countries as leading exporting nations. In reality export plays the most essential role in our economy and is especially sensitive to the external environmental factors. Already economic bloc phonomenon can be seen everywhere and is continuing to accelerate in place such as E. U in Europ, North & South America as NAFTA, and South East Asian contries which recent tendency of economic unity effort is present. These countries of such economic blocs are imposing heavy custom duties reinforcing provision of country origin and acting out strict inspection regulations in order to protect the interest of their own industry. Therefore it is vital to manufacture excellent quality goods For these reasons study in this area has brought attention in Korea as well as worldwide in the recent years. Apparel industry which requires professional technology and ability is the most competitive international business. In order to challenge the international market the high level of intelligence is most required to produce high quality goods. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between functions and roles of marketing and to approach problems in more efficient manner. Apparel industry is composed of various programs such as design pattern making merchandising and textile science. To succeed in the business is to give the highest satisfaction to the targeted market. Hence this study will example the factors that determine the Cost Quality and Performance of apparel products. The study will involve following steps; firstly establish relationship between the quality concept and productivity of apparel products Secondly inquire in to marketing strategy laying stress on apparel production related factors focusing on merchandising marketing production and operations Thirdly prospect 21st century apparel industry focusing on garment production and trade and also other countries structural improvement Fourthly establish the new dimension of competitive factors by grasping the actual circumstance of Korea's apparel industry in the international market. The research method will include; First reality approach method by analysing the present state of industry Second literal analysis such as marketing comparisons between leading apparel exporting countries.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to determine the short run and long run dynamics between maritime import volume (IMV), industrial production (IP), and real effective exchange rate (REER) of the Korean Won over the REER of certain major currencies (US Dollar, Chinese Yuan, and Japanese Yen) in Korea's Jeonnam province. The Johansen and Juselius cointegration results reveal that at least one cointegration vector or long-run relationship exists. Hence, this study estimated the long run equilibrium equation, which indicates that both IP and REER are inelastic, although the former is bigger than the latter. Moreover, the dynamic causality analysis reveals short and long-run unidirectional causality from IP and REER to IMV in all three models. Further, in all the models, the results indicate short run unidirectional causality from REER to IP. In addition, the impulse response (IR) results show that the impulse of IP and REER decayed after four months. Additionally, the IR analysis results indicate that the REER of the Korean Won over the REER of Japanese Yen is the biggest with respect to the impact of relative REER on IP, which is the proxy variable of regional real income. Thus, empirical results indicated that real income and REER play an important role in determining the Jeonnam's maritime import demand behavior in the short run and long run. More importantly, substantial actions reducing unexpected fluctuation of the REER and real income based on micro and macro economic policies will increase the imported volume in the ports of the Jeonnam province.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-68
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to survey the influence of the culture change on the dress and personal adornments, and to survey the change of factors from the August 15. 1945 to 1960, in connection with the social and cultural background, applying B. Malinowski′s "Theory of Culture Change" which means an acculturation is the change′s elements of the dress and its ornaments. It is remarkable that the dress and personal adornments of Korean women after August 15, 1945 has great change from the traditional dress of the thousands years. Through the Liveration on August 15, 1945, American military government and the establishment of the Korean government, American democracy has brought many changes on Korean society. Advancement of education, an society with developed economic life, and introduction of scientific skill have influenced on the women′s way of thinking and a style of behavior and the view of value. The acculturation, the supply of mass communication, introduction of new institution and the reorganization of the old institution, the change of the economic situation, the change of the educational system, the change of the point of value, the development of scientific skill have greatly influenced on the dress and personal adornments. Modern dress and personal adornments of Korean women has the following developing procedure. The Liberation from Japan on the 15th, of August, 1945, the stationing of American Soldiers during hte Koran War, returning of the oversea′s brethern, and the mass communication have the direct and indirect contact with western civilization, and bring the occasion of development of the modern dress of Korean women. The increase of mass communication, such as radio, TV, newspaper, magazines and the frequent fashion shows showed fine design and practical western style dress to the women. This was the real beginning of the western style dress in Korea. By the increase of employment and the improvement of the economic situation, the consumption of clothing and the adornments was increased, so that a wide variety of fashions was set, and numerous kind and form of dress came in. As the increase of the number of women students, their practical and free dress life demanded western style dress. After the Liberation from Japan, the open-door policy of sex, public morals and traditional ethics became lax, and in this disordered society, indecent expose of the body was common. By the different kind of technological development, the form, fabrics, colors and patterns in clothes were much influenced and the hair style, make up, shoes and adornments were much influenced too. As shown above, the change of the dress has the same connection with that of society and culture. This shows that the dress and personal adornments represent clearly the cultural phenomenon of the society and cultural change of the society.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.47
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• pp.5-22
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• 2009

This study analysed the complicated introduction process of IPTV in Korea, based on the rent seeking theory which is one of an useful economic theory for explaining the dynamic interaction between government and entrepreneurs. Rent seeking theory describes the possibility of lobbying for economic regulations or regulatory capture which refers to collusion between firms and the government agencies assigned to regulate them. The introduction of IPTV(Internet Protocol TV) in Korea was the most controversial policy issue since the beginning of new media business of cable TV in 1995. In addition to the ordinary conflict between the old and new entrepreneurs, IPTV caused the bureaucratic conflicts between the Ministry of Information and Communication and the Korean Broadcasting Commission (Two regulation agencies were merged into KCC(Korean Communications Commission) in 2008). Through the process all related policy players, including the government, pursued their own rent, and it caused vicious circle of continuous rent seeking and mutual distrust among players. Finally, all-directional lobby of pre-IPTV companies brought about the successful entrance to IPTV market and the enactment of IPTV special law which includes deregulation compared to the existing Broadcast Act. Considering the convergence trend of media related laws it means going against the times. Until now, the conflict phenomena occurring in broadcast industry were mostly explained based on the sociological conflict theory. However, the result of this study shows the usefulness and necessity of rent seeking theory because it gives an economic explanation of conflict behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.155-168
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of allergic diseases and its related factorsin Korean adolescents. The subjects were 72,435 middle and high school students. The data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ test and multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis was 9.3%, 30.6%, and 23.4%, respectively. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, asthma was associated with gender, age, economic state, obesity, stress, sleep satisfaction, secondhand smoking, drug use, other allergic diseases and physical activity. Allergic rhinitis was associated with age, economic state, residential area, type of residence, obesity, stress, sleep satisfaction, smoking experience, secondhand smoking, alcohol drinking, other allergic diseases and physical activity. Finally, atopic dermatitis was associated with gender, age, economic state, residential area, obesity, stress, other allergic diseases and physical activity. Conclusion: These results will provide database for prevention and management of allergic diseases.