• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_3
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• pp.723-733
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• 1998

Restoration to improve the ecological quality of Mt. Nam was explored in a viewpoint of restoration in both landscape and ecosystem levels. A restoration plan in landscape level was based on the result on the land-use pattern in Mt. Nam including its surrounding area and that in ecosystem level on the ecological quality of each landscape element. A plant to construct the green network, which extending from Mt. Nam to the Han river through the Yongsan family park and through the Eungbong urban park was prepared as a restoration project in landscape level to improve the ecological quality of Mt. Nam as an ecological park. On the other hand, a plan for restoration and creation of biotop as a restoration project in ecosystem level was also prepared to improve the ecological quality of each green area consisting green network. Green areas composing green network include keystone green area (Mt. Nam), green stations (Yongsan family park, Eungbong urban park, and the han river citizen's park), and green pathway (or ecological corridor) connecting those green areas.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.370-376
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• 2018

It is important to consider interaction between species in understanding structure and function of the biological community. Current ecological issues such as climate change and habitat loss emphasize the significance of the concept of species interaction in that varying species' interaction across environmental gradients may lead to altered ecological function and services. However, most community studies have focused on species diversity through analysis of quantitative indices based on species composition and abundance data without considering species interactions in the community. 'Ecological network analysis' based on network theory enables exploration of structural and functional properties of ecosystems composed of various species and their interactions. In this paper, network analysis of Cheonggye stream as a case study was presented to promote uses of network analysis on ecological studies in Korea. Cheonggye stream has a simple biological structure with link density of 1.48, connectance 0.07, generality 4.43, and vulnerability 1.94. The ecological network analysis can be used to provide ecological interpretations of domestic long-term monitoring data and can contribute to conserving and managing species diversity in ecosystems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

This study used the nearest feature model to connect forest patches within the western Geum River Basin. Due to many different forest patch sizes, 3 alternative methods were tested to determine the best way to establish an ecological network with forest patches. Alternative 1 used all forest patches to determine whether patches were large enough. Alternative 2 used forest patches over 10 ha in size. Alternative 3 used natural conservation indices to select forest patches containing better qualities in the natural conservation level. As a result 635 out of 724 patches of over 10 ha were selected for comparison. Alternative 1 showed that forest patches of less than 10 ha were outliers interrupting the establishment of the ecological network. They generated an unnecessary ecological network to link core areas to comparison features. The ecological network was improved by using forest patches greater than 10 ha in size(Alternative 2). Each comparison feature was much more hierarchically connected to core areas in Alternative 2 than in Alternative 1. Forest patches filtered by natural conservation indices were useful for obtaining the best ecological network. Alternative 3 clearly showed the connections in the ecological network between core areas and forest.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2007

After introducing various aspects of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) being planned and established in the US, the author tries to suggest the future direction for the development of similar activities of the NEON to be carried out in the region of East Asia including Korea. A review was carried out in terms of the challenges, major questions, missions, developmental history, and some other specifics of the NEON design. It was further extended to the discussion of the issues for the regional construction of the Ecological Observatory Network (EON) in East Asia. The author hopes that this review could be used as a preliminary guide in ultimately promoting and advancing research, science and technology in conservation and preservation of ecosystems being degraded due to anthropogenic disturbances in the region of East Asia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.131-142
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to detect the protection area around the Geum-buk and Geum-nam Mountains for making a sustainable ecological network. The protection area in the Geum-buk and Geum-nam Mountains was analyzed by using spatial data and a field survey for landscape conservation purposes. A survey scope was fixed using digital elevation model, and the protection area was finally determined based on the parcel map called as the Korea Land Information System (KLIS). Here we have several conclusions in this study. First, spatial data used in this study were a map of ecological and natural degree (MEND), forest distribution map, elevation map, slope map, and several maps for the protection area assigned by laws regarding to the natural resources. Second, we used 4 alternatives to determine the best choice for showing the ecological network in the study area. One alternative (alt. 3) of 4 ones was finally chosen as the best condition for making the ecological network. The condition in elevation and slope was a little modified to a lower level in alt, 3. The result derived from alt, 3 reflected the continuity and connectivity in the ecological network and we estimate that the protection area can protect the core area using the buffer zone around the ecological network. Finally the parcel-based protection area in the Geum-buk and Geum-nam Mountains had $493.92km^2$ of the core area, and $233.99km^2$ of the buffer zone, which means the parcel-based protection area increased by $97.76km^2$ in the core area, but decreased by $76.61km^2$ as of in the topographical map.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.3-19
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• 2014

Large-scale unband development resulted from the rapid economic growth in the Republic of Korea has brought about the habitat destruction for the native animals and plants living in forest and farmland. In order to resolve this problem, it is necessary to consider the natural ecosystem as an organism and to preserve the natural ecosystem by managing ecologically significant habitat consistently. Especially, the local governments should be able to establish regional ecologic networks in consideration of the ecological connectivity and the environmental and ecological excellence, and to reflect them into the local development plans. In regard to this, the methods of the regional ecological network establishment was presented, making use of the results including the national ecological network which assessed the ecological connectivity of the nation and the environmental and ecological assessment results of the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map which was designed to analyze and assess the national environmental and ecological values quantitatively. Making use of the case of Gyeongsangnam-do; the results presented that the existing national ecological network in the core region has expanded from $2,986km^2$ to $4,049km^2$ and the existing national ecological network in the buffer region has expanded from $2,940km^2$ to $3,006km^2$. Referring to the regional ecological network in the process of the local development plans could contribute to the increase in biodiversity and the integrated local environmental management including the ecosystem preservation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

We implemented ecological linkage assessment, through the connection components of the urban forests, rivers and parks, for the ecological connection of the urban parks which are standing out as the core of the urban green networks, so as to suggest basic data to compare, evaluate and improve urban green networks, as a basic study for the evaluation of the ecological connectabilities between the cities. For the ecological linkage assessment, we analyzed to see if the urban parks of Goyang, Ansan and Yongin, which are the subject cities, are actually ecologically connected with forests and rivers, using distance and roads, which are physical connection elements, in consideration of the mobility of the wild animals, and greening ratios and impervious pavement ratios, which are ecological connectabilities in consideration of the ecological values. The overall result of the ecological linkage assessment the physical connection elements and the ecological connection elements shows that the ecological green network ratio through direct connection states is 36.62% in Goyang, 42.55% in Ansan and 64.00% in Yongin, respectively, giving the ecological connectability ratio of less than half, with the average urban ecological green network ration of 47.72%. The comparison result of the ecological connectabilities between the object cities employing the connection elements indicates that when you set up green networks, you should consider together the physical connection elements, such as the roads, which will lower the ecological connectabilities - rather than do it simply based on areas and distances - while the ecological connection elements with the forests and the streams should be reinforced, so that the ecological connectabilities of the urban parks may be enhanced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.70-83
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• 1998

With the launch of a new millenium of the 21st century ahead, one of tasks that need to be considered in urban ecological aspect is the understanding of impact of continuing urbanization on urban ecosystem, habitats, and various species of animals and plants. In addition, alternatives and measures to mitigate these impacts including environment restoration should be pursued. In this article, the following points will be reviewed; 1) the definition and significance of an eco-city and "ecological network", 2) the necessity of an eco-network as one of factors composing an eco-city, in the aspects of urban planning and urban ecology, 3) ways to build an urban ecological network and example of foreign countries, 4) as an example of a city in Korea, the present state and impending tasks of the ecological network of Seoul city, and 5) a brief conclusion and suggestion. By providing a basic tool called "an ecological network" for urban space planning, it attempts to contribute in promoting networking of cities (netropolis) and urban biodiversity. It is believed that how to create an ecological network in an artificially developed urban area is a pending issue we are faced with. Herein lies the necessity of natural environment restoration and creation based on the so-called the Third Ecology. Regarding the efforts to return the Nature to urban citizens, there is a need to view the development of a desirable urban ecological network as the starting point and finishing point of the effort. In this way, it is believed that the objectives of urban sustainability through netropolis development would also be achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.18-31
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• 2004

Ecological network can solve the ecological problems such as habitat cutting and fragmentation that are resulted from urbanization. Recently, rooftop biotope construction has been appeared as a usefull method for ecological networking in urban area. The objective of this study is to seek the possibility of rooftop greening introduction as well as to select target species for rooftop greening construction from the urban ecological network point of view. In order to select target species, we monitored two adjacent rooftop greening sites, where we found 22 species of birds and insects and 33 species of plants. We set criteria to select target species through documents research, and gave marks species according to the criteria with the help of specialists. We divided the target species into 5 groups on the basis of the 12 selecting criteria. In those two monitored rooftop greening sites, we did not find any species belong to group A, which is the best target species, but we found species belong to the other groups. Orthetrum albistylum, Sympetrum dawinianum belong to group B, which is the priority target species, 7 species besides Passer montanus, Coccinella axyridis, Agrionidae to group C, which is the possible target species, 6 species besides Atractomorpha lata to group D, which is the potential target species, and the others were found to be inadequate to the target species. We found Orthetrum albistylum, Sympetrum dawi-nianum to be the best appropriate target species in the two sites. According to the result of this study, the method of ecological network construction from the dra-gonfly habitat network point of view through the construction of rooftop habitat is ideal for Orthetrum albistylum, and Sympetrum dawinianum. For successful urban ecological network construction, selection criteria and construction techniqes & methods for rooftop habitat should be developed through future research.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2000

This paper was prepared to have an overview of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER ) activities in Korea in order to facilitate further development of Korea LTER Network in the coming 21th century. After the background for the development of the Korea LTER network was reviewed, the network activities of Korea as well as of the world were introduced for sound management and conservation of ecosystems, which can be ultimately carried out by the long-term ecological researches whose results can secure comparability in the dimension of time and space.