• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2012

In this study, WET (whole effluent toxicity) test with Skeletonema costatum, Tigriopus japonicus and Paralichthys olivaceus and ERA (environmental risk assessment) were conducted to assess the unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem by emitting the treated discharge water from 'ARA Plasma BWTS' BWMS (ballast water management system) using filtration, Plasma and MPUV module. 34 psu treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS shown slight chronic toxicity effect on the P. olivaceus ($7d-LC_{50}{\Rightarrow}100.00%$ treated discharge water, $7d-LC_{25}{\Rightarrow}85.15%$ treated discharge water). Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene in 34 psu treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS were higher than in the background original content of seawater. The PECs (predictive environmental concentrations) of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene calculated by MAMPEC (marine antifoulant model to predict environmental concentrations) program (ver. 3.0) were 3.34E-03, 2.10E-03 and 1.73E-03 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively and PNECs (predicted no effect concentrations) of them were 1.6, 0.5 and 1.9 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. The PEC/PNEC ratio of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene did not exceed one and 3 substances did not consider as persistence, bioaccumulative and toxic. Therefore, it was suggested that treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS did not pose unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2004

Life Cycle Assessment for the pulp, which is mainly used as the raw material of fine paper, base paper for food packaging and paper cup, has been carried out in this study to consider environmental aspects by quantifying the environmental emission and to evaluate its environmental impact potential. The system boundary was selected from cradle to gate stage(raw material acquisition, transportation of raw material and product manufacturing) of the product. Environmental impact was divided into 8 categories considering Korean situation: abiotic resource depletion, global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxidant creation, ecotoxicity and human toxicity. In Life Cycle Impact Assessment(LCIA) methodology phase, Ecopoint, Eco-indicator 95 and Korean eco-indicator were used and the results carried out by each methodology were compared. The results from this study were also compared with those of foreign study to verify the reliability of the results. The results of the study could be utilized as the basic data for Environmental Management System(EMS), Design for Environment(DfE) and Type III eco-labeling in the paper and paper-related industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1069-1074
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• 2009

This study investigated soil microbial community and growth of Zea mays to compare the toxicity of nano and micro-sized Cu and Zn oxide particles in microcosm system. In the presence of nanoparticles, biomass of Zea mays reduced by 30% compared with micro-sized particles and inhibited growth. Dehydrogenase activity was inhibited by CuO nano although it was increased by ZnO nano particles. According to the Biolog test, the microbial diversity was decreased after exposed to CuO nanoparticles and ZnO microparticles. Therefore, though it is widely recognized that nanoparticles are more harmful than microparticles, we can conclude that the diversity of microbial community does not always influenced by the size of particles of nano and micro.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2012

The problems caused by synthetic pesticides have led the need for effective biodegradable pesticides with greater selectivity. Botanical pesticides are generally recognized as safe in agriculture systems. Thus, they have been regarded as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides for the pest management. Both lower efficacy and higher costs of production make botanicals more expensive to use than conventional pesticides. Moreover, only a small portion of plant-derived metabolites among a number of bioactive metabolites are in use because commercialization of botanicals is inhibited by several problems such as toxicity, or high production cost. However, with the growing acceptance of botanical pesticides as an efficient crop protection alternative resulting in increasing demand, plant-based pesticides will play a significant role in achieving sustainable agriculture in future.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Plants are attacked by various phytopathogenic fungi. For many years, synthetic fungicides have been used to control plant diseases. Although synthetic fungicides are highly effective, their repeated use has led to problems such as environmental pollution, development of resistance, and residual toxicity. This has prompted intensive research on the development of biopesticides, including botanical fungicides. To date, relatively few botanical fungicides have been registered and commercialized. However, many scientists have reported isolation and characterization of a variety of antifungal plant derivatives. Here, we present a survey of a wide range of reported plant-derived antifungal metabolites.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.76-85
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• 2022

In this study, a biodegradable packaging film was developed using two marine algae, Gelidium amansii, and Sargassum horneri. The chemical properties and microstructure of the developed film were evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and toxicity of the film were evaluated using the ISO 1924 and IEC 62321 methods, respectively. The biodegradability of the film was evaluated according to ISO 14855-1:2012 method. The film was primarily made of cellulose and had biodegradability that was about 17 times greater than that of PBS, a representative eco-friendly plastic. Moreover, the mechanical properties improved by approximately 40% compared to the seaweed-based film of the previous study. The virulence test revealed that the content of all of the toxic substances listed in IEC62321 was below the measurement limit. An egg carton that can be used in practice was manufactured in accordance with ISO 534, and its applicability was tested using the biodegradable packaging film prepared.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 1992

Metallothionein is an essential and common protein to regulate the intracellular concentration of heavy metals, which exist in most organisms from bacteria to vertebrates. Although the detailed function of metallothianein has not been fully identified until yet, it may be involoved in the cellular protection against the heavy metal toxicity and in the global regulation of several other genes and the expression of metalloproteins. We have cloned the full cDNA clone of metallothionein gene in Channel Catfish by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR) starting from poly(A)-containing mRNAs. All PCR fragments have been subcloned into EcoRV site of pBluescript SK+ and dT-tailed at Smal site of pUC19, then PCR products are recovered by the double digestion of recombinant plasmids wiht EcoRI and HindIII, which are adjacent to EcoRV site in multicloning sites or by rapid PCR screening. The nucleotide sequence analysis of pMT150(one of the PCR clones) showed high homology with several other piscine metallothionein cDNA genes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2009

Green tea seed was extracted with absolute ethanol,and the green tea seed extract(GTSE)was subjected to assays for toxicity, antioxidant ability, angiogenesis inhibitory effects and cell adhesion, as well as western blotting, and an in vivo experiment against 4 high-ranking adult cancers in Korea. Our series of experimental data demonstrated that GTSE has an antioxidant ability superior to that of EGCG in the green tea leaf, and also exhibits a profound high tumor growth inhibitory activity on a variety of cancer cell lines, as well as nude mice infected with cancer cells. GTSE was identified as a natural anticancer compound showing excellent angiogenesis inhibition and cancer cell suppression abilities. Our preliminary observations also indicate that GTSE may be another potential source of natural dietary antioxidants and also may be applicable as a novel natural anticancer agent.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2010

Biodiesel have been studied as alternative fuel due to solution of air pollution and fossil fuel exhaustion. Biodiesel from animal fat and vegetable oil was known as eco-friendly fuel like low toxicity, biodegradable compare to petrodiesel. In particular, biodiesel have excellent lubricity due to involved ester functional group. This paper shows the biodiesel's lubricity based on worldwide biodiesel research.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.537-542
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• 2011

Magnesium hydroxide as a non-halogen flame retardant has increasing attention due to its non-toxicity, high decomposition temperature and smoke suppressant ability during combustion. For the application of magnesium hydroxide retardant to the textile by soaking and coating method, the prerequisite for the coating is a small particle size, stable dispersion, and adhesion to the textile. The dispersion of $Mg(OH)_2$ particles and stability of the coating was checked by monitoring the change of transmittance and backscattering by varying the types of dispersion agents, binder, solvent, and $Mg(OH)_2$ source, and their compositions in the coating. The $Mg(OH)_2$ dispersion coating was applied to PET(poly(ethylene terephthalate)) non-woven textile. The physical properties are characterized by surface morphology, amount of coating, particle dispersion, and adhesion test. The flame retardant $Mg(OH)_2$ coated textile has been compared by limited oxygen index(LOI) and thermal gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC). It was found that phosphorous additive may give synergistic effect on $Mg(OH)_2$ flame retardant coating to make the flame retardant PET non-woven textile.