• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2012

This study carried out current status, characteristics, and problems of coastal environment management on semi-enclosed Masan Bay in Korea and suggests cost-effective and eco-friendly water quality management policy. The pollutants from terrestrial sources into the Bay have apparently environmental pollution problems, such as eutrophication, red tide, and hypoxia. The carrying capacity of the Bay is estimated by hydrodynamic model and ecosystem model, material circulation including bivalve in ecosystem is analyzed by the growth model of bivalve. The resulting reduction in the input load was found to be 50~90%, which is unrealistic. When the efficiency of water quality improvement through bivalve farming was assessed based on the autochthonous COD, 30.7% of the total COD was allochthonous COD and 69.3% was autochthonous COD. The overall autochthonous COD reduction rate by bivalve aquaculture farm was found to be about 6.7%. This study indicate that bivalve farming is about 31% less expensive than advanced treatment facilities that remove both nitrogen and phosphorous.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

In rural areas, composting is a source of non-point pollutants. However, as the quantitative distribution and loading have not been estimated, it is difficult to determine the effect of composting on stream water quality. In this study, composting datum acquired by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) was verified by using terrestrial LiDAR, and the management status and load change of the composting was investigated by UAV with manual control flight, thereby obtaining the basic data to determine the effect on the water system. As a result of the comparative accuracy assessment based on terrestrial LiDAR, the difference in the digital surface model(DSM) was within 0.21m and the accuracy of the volume was 93.24%. We expect that the accuracy is sufficient to calculate and utilize the composting load acquired by UAV. Thus, the management status of composting can be investigated by UAV. As the total load change of composting were determined to be $1,172.16m^3$, $1,461.66m^3$, and $1,350.53m^3$, respectively, the load change of composting could be confirmed. We expect that the results of this study can contribute to efficient management of non-point source pollution by UAV.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.785-796
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• 2023

The adoption of Environmental, Social, and Governance(ESG) practices in domestic construction firms is predominantly driven by major corporations. These companies not only publish reports on their ESG management but also engage in a meticulous process of identifying key issues and setting priorities. This process entails an in-depth evaluation of the severity of various issues and the gathering of insights from experts in the field. Interestingly, a comparative analysis of ESG assessments for construction companies, both domestically and internationally, reveals significant discrepancies in outcomes. These differences stem from the varied evaluation methodologies and criteria employed by different assessing bodies. Addressing this gap, our study proposes a suite of strategies aimed at bolstering ESG management within the construction sector. We advocate for enhanced policy support and financial backing, especially targeting small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) to facilitate their engagement in ESG practices. A critical step forward involves the standardization and transparent disclosure of ESG evaluation criteria, tailored to reflect the unique aspects of the construction industry. Moreover, the standardization and publication of ESG assessments for subcontractors are essential, equipping them with the necessary tools for effective ESG management and evaluation. Given the global nature of construction projects, particularly those commissioned by the European Union in regions like Africa and East Asia, adherence to ESG standards is imperative. Our long-term vision includes the development of a comprehensive database detailing ESG regulations and their impacts, segmented by region and country. This repository will serve as a valuable resource for companies venturing into international construction projects.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.187-206
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• 2019

After reviewing the concept and previous studies related to green ports, this study analyzes the implications of green port policy of advanced ports in foreign countries and analyzes problems in terms of environmentally-friendly green port policy for Ulsan port, and to present sustainable green logistics establishment measures. The literature survey and Benchmarking methods are adopted as research methodology and the results are as follows. First, the pan-government climate change response management system, legislation of relevant laws, implementation of fiscal support policies, and roadmaps should be established. Second, the foundation for eco-friendly green growth should be established through the discovery of business models in conjunction with leading industries in the Southeastern Metropolitan Economic Area. Third, the Ulsan Port Greenport, such as AMP, in-port LNG propulsion ship, and ESI vessel incentive, should be built. Fourth, a low-carbon, high-efficiency sea-shuttle service shall be established through the introduction of the sea-shuttle service along the sea route. Fifth, energy self-reliant ports, including all institutions in the metropolitan Ulsan port area that have exceeded the level of Ulsan port Authority, should be built. Finally, water-type ports need to be built through the creation of coastal forests, the purification of marine water quality, and the introduction of colors to port.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.183-189
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• 2023

Background: The indoor air quality of classrooms, in which the capacity per unit area is high and students spend time together, must be managed for safety and comfort. It is necessary to develop an eco-friendly indoor air quality reduction method rather than biased management that relies solely on air purifiers. Objectives: In this study, plants and air purifiers were installed in middle school classrooms to evaluate the indoor PM_2.5 reduction. Methods: Four middle school classrooms were selected as test beds. Air quality was monitored in real-time every one minute using IoT equipment installed in the classrooms, corridors, and rooftops. After measuring the background concentration, plants and air purifiers were installed in the classroom and the PM_2.5 reduction effect was analyzed through continuous monitoring. Results: After installing the plants and air purifiers, the average PM_2.5 concentration was 33.7 ㎍/m³ in the classrooms without plants and air purifiers, 25.6 ㎍/m³ in classrooms with plants only, and 21.7 ㎍/m³ in classrooms with air purifiers only. In the classroom where plants and air purifiers were installed together, it was 20.0 ㎍/m³. The reduction rates before and after installation were 4.5% for classrooms with plants only, 16.5% for classrooms with air purifiers only, and 27.6% for classrooms with both plants and air purifiers. The I/O ratio, which compares the concentration of PM_2.5 in classrooms with corridors and outside air, also showed the lowest in the order of plants and air purifiers, air purifiers, and plant-only classrooms. Conclusions: The PM_2.5 reduction effect of using plants was confirmed, and it is expected to be used as basic data for the development of environmentally-friendly indoor air quality improvement methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2022

Modem agricultural production needs to provide sustainable management practices that are eco-friendly and low cost. Plant extracts are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic plant growth regulators. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effects of various plant extracts produced using different extraction methods on the vegetative growth of rice under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. For this study, seventeen plant extracts were made from plant species such as leaves of M. arvense, C. asiatica, M. oleifera, V. radiata, V. unguiculate, P. guajava, A. vera, and A. tuberosum, aboveground plant parts of C. rotundus, M. sativa, and P. frutescens, roots of R. undulatum, tubers of A. sativum, leaves and stems of G. max (cv. Taegwang) as well as rice straw and hulls (cv. Hopyeong). As a test crop, we applied these extracts to rice plants. For the purpose of making our extracts, some plant materials and species were collected in fields and others were purchased from Chonnam Hanyaknonghyup Cooperation (South Korea). Leaves, roots, and aboveground plant parts of plant species were dried, ground, extracted (water, boiling water and ethanol) and fermented. Rice growth promotion effects were determined using plant extracts at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% concentrations under petri dish conditions. Seven selected plant extracts were applied to rice seeds with soil drench application or seedling at 3-4 leaf stages with soil and foliar applications under greenhouse conditions. For comparison with extracts, we used urea at 0.6%. Of the 17 water extracts used in this study, 10 extracts reduced rice growth, but the other 7 extracts (P. guajava, A. vera, A. tuberosum, M. sativa, A. sativum, and G. max) increased growth by 40-60% on compared to the control in Petri dish bioassay. Thus, these 7 extracts were selected for further study. Under greenhouse conditions, rice growth also increased by 20-40% when the same 7 extracts were applied to rice seeds using soil drench application. Furthermore, at the 3-4 leaf stage rice growth also increased 30-80% or 30-60% when the same 7 extracts were applied using soil and foliar applications. Overall, the 7 extracts produced higher rates of growth promotion when soil drench application was used than when foliar application was used. In the case of boiling water and ethanol extracts, rice growth increased only 20% in response to both soil drench and foliar application of the same 7 extracts. Rice growth promotion was greater when extracts were produced using water extraction method than boiling water and ethanol extraction methods. Most notably, the 7 water extracts used in this study produced higher rates of growth promotion than urea at 0.6% which is typically used for crop growth promotion. Overall, the 7 water extracts when applied using soil drenching method can be used as effective growth promotors of rice in organic agriculture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2015

As negative effects of climate change have been visualized and its direct damages to economy have been realized, the global efforts to respond to climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emission were accelerated. Korea's Carbon Footprint Labeling gets a lot of attention as one of the effective methods to contribute to national GHG reduction goal, and for enterprises to show customers how much effort the company put into global warming prevention. Consumers' interest on low-carbon products has been increasing. This study uses Life Cycle Assessment method to calculate the amount of carbon emission of dishwashing detergent, LG Household & Healthcare, which reduced carbon emissions by using raw materials that has relatively lower environment load. Life Cycle Assessment Method is based on guidelines of Carbon Footprint Labeling, Ministry of Environment, and pre-manufacturing, manufacturing, and disposal phase are included while use phase of the product is excluded from assessment. In order to understand the effects of eco-design on carbon emissions, the dishwashing detergent's carbon emissions are compared before and after the change of main raw materials. The result shows the improvement from $0.47kgCO_2eq/kg$ to $0.38kgCO_2eq/kg$ per product, and this means the main raw materials' carbon emissions could be reduced by around 9.4%, which is equivalent to 916tons of GHG emissions per year.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

The ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport announced that they launched the pilot project to offer Happy House built with modular construction as part of the major projects of incumbent government in 2013. The market size of modular construction is getting increasingly enlarged together with strong will of government. The major challenges that current modular construction encounters can be summed up as lack of standardization of material on the stage of design and fabrication. The portion of material costs in modular construction marks 16 to 17% higher than the existing other construction method, and account for 60 % of total construction cost, which is why material management is the most important factor. However, the imperfect standardization and specification on design causes high loss of materials on fabrication, which makes the construction wastes and total construction cost increasing in accordance with the increase of material costs. This study has been conducted to verify major modules by developing optimization algorithm on gypsum board material among wall finishing materials. It is expected that this paper contributes not only to eco-friendly construction by minimizing the waste factors of materials through these efforts, but also to removing high cost issues which had been recognized as a setback of current modular construction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2002

There has been an increasing public concern about environmental safety and human health of field crops while customer consumes more and more field crops, to which overdose and residual chemicals were applied. As a solution for the problems, construction of sustainable agroecosystem is spreading out to pursuit the economic value of agricultural management as well as to meet environment concern. Public has extended their understanding on the preservation of environment and safeness of agricultural products, and governmental policy toward sustainable agriculture drives rapid increase of the production of sustainable agricultural products. Under this circumstances, it is time to encourage more consumption and to activate market system for the sustainable agricultural products. This study was initiated to diagnose the problems and future direction of domestic sustainable agriculture by analyzing the overall opinions of consumer on the sustainable agriculture. The results are as follows: The pursuit of low input management is a prerequisite to creat high valued agricultural products, and serious consideration should be taken to produce clean crops using natural products. Consummers are willing to pay 10∼50% more prices if the products get certified by official eco-label programs. It is believed that practice of sustainable agriculture using biopesticide and natural pesticide would accelerate the rapid extension of this pro-environmental agricultural management. To activate production and consumption of sustainable agricultural products correct informations on safety should be addressed to customer, and confidence has to be brought about from customer. This could be done by obtaining various and efficient distribution route, product competency for quality, upgraded sales strategy, maximum utilization of certificate system, and practice of recall system, so on.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Therefore, this study was carried out in the conservative aspects of rural landscapes in order to effectively manage the landscape of organic agriculture and, intended to be used to maintain and preserve natural and ecologically harmonious landscapes by deriving management methods suitable for landscape elements targeting the major landscape elements of the organic farming complex. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 13 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result, Farm land was formed in a square shape, concentrated in an independent space, planted companion plants around the crop, and covered with plants to manage the borders. As for the surrounding environment, it was analyzed that the aspart road system circulating through the village, the evergreen broad-leaved windbreak forest around the cultivated land, and the accent plant located at the entrance of the village were suitable. The hydrological environment consists of Round small pond made of stone in an open space, natural rivers around the village, and natural channels around the farmland, and The Major facilities are suitable for greenhouses that are shielded by plants in independent regions, and wooden duck houses located inside the cultivation area are suitable and The settlement facilities were analyzed to be suitable for single-story brick houses located in independent residential areas, pavilion located with greenery in the center of the village, and educational spaces shielded with wood from arable land. If supplementary evaluation criteria suitable for the management of organic farming landscape are additionally supplemented based on the results derived from this study, It is expected to enhance the landscape value of ecologically superior organic farming.