• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.326-335
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of food habits and anxiety level of obese children on body weight control program. The body weight control program included nutrition education, psychotherapy and exercise for weekly session during 9 months. The results from this study were as follows. A total of 27 obese children(boys 44.4%, girls 55.6%) participated in this study. The average age of children was 11.7 years, average height and weight were 141.7cm and 48.1kg respectively. $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index(RI) of children was significantly decreased from 167 to 163(p<0.001) and BMI was significantly decreased from 24.5 to 23.9 (p<0.01) after body weight control program. This study also found obesity index(OI) was significantly decreased from 133% to 128%(p<0.01) of 18 children after program. There was not significant difference in food habits score but frequency of overeating, and eating frequency of meats were significantly decreased(p<0.05) after body weight control program. Also depression score significantly decreased after body weight control program(p<0.001) and there was significant negative correlation(r=-0.552) between food habits and anxiety level. The factors analysis of anxiety items indicated that children had feelings more calm and sate after program(p<0.05). Therefore continuous and practical nutritional education and psychotherapy to change food habits and anxiety level are necessary to decrease child obesity. These results suggest that body weight control program including nutrition education, exercise and psychotherapy may be effective physiological and psychological body health of obese children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.623-632
• /
• 2005

This study was intended to collect the baseline information on dietary behavior of adults to develop nutrition education program in the context of healthy weights at community level. Nutrient intakes of 128 housewives were assessed by 24 hour recall method. Also food habits, nutrition knowledge and attitude were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Subjects were divided to under-weight, normal-weight, over-weight groups by body mass index (BMI). Most under-weight groups evaluated as their current body images were normal. $41\%$ of normal-weight groups judged as their current body images were obese. Energy and fat intakes of over-weight group were significantly higher than that of under-weight and normal weight groups (p<0.05). However, carbohydrate and protein intakes showed no significant differences among the three groups. It appeared that active attitude toward change in nutrition attitude of normal weight group was significantly higher than that of under-weight group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences of food habit score, nutrition knowledge, and obesity habit scores among the three groups. The frequency of eating-out showed significant difference among three groups (p<0.05). Food habit scores were positively related to health-concerned attitude (r=0.174), convenience-concerned attitude (r=0.229) and food enjoyed attitude (0.213) and negatively related to obesity habit score (r=-0.206). Also, positive correlation of body fat mass with frequency of eatingout (r=0.213), instant food (r=0.227) and amount of meal (r=0.187) existed (p<0.05). We concluded that nutrition education programs for housewives should include specific strategies to modify unsound food behaviors and inappropriate perception of body image for a healthy weight.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2008

Objective: There are many meditation methods used in clinical field. But the effect of meditation may be different to people's mind, and meditation itself. Now we investigate this subject with two different meditation methods which has been analyzed by heart rate variability. Method: We tried to check people's heart rate who educated meditation, before educated and during the meditation. The meditation was educated differently for each group. One is the auto genes traning, and the other is the imaginary meditation by thinking about eating and smelling favorite fruits. All of them are used to oriental psychiatry clinic patients. And we simultaneously conduct people's emotional state by SCL-90-R. Result: The result in Autogene traning group has significant difference in total power and HRV-index score between before and during the training but in imaginary meditation group has no significance: Autogene traning group has a significance in low frequency score and has increased tendency with increasing tendency of Heart rate index and Total power. Through the SCL-90-R score, the higher depression t-score, the anxiety t-score, and the hostility score is, the HRV scores such as total power, low frequency, and HRV-index much increase. and so on. Conclusion: We can guess that the Autogenes training has more significant effect than the imaginary meditation. And we can also guess that as the emotional problem is getting more severe, the effect of meditation would be much better. And we finally suggest that we should make a standard guideline of imaginary meditation, cause the imaginary meditation has so many variation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.1123-1133
• /
• 2009

This study attempted to analyze the general and physical characteristics, the status of physical function, the type and number of current diagnosis and self-reported symptoms, healthy life mode and food preference according to self-rated health (SRH) of older adults (135 men and 270 women). It also attempted to assess the factors affecting the SRH standards in agricultural and fishery areas located in southwestern Korea. The subjects considered themselves as being 'good'(57.6%), 'normal'(29.6%) or 'poor'(12.85) SRH, meaning positive self-rating of health and it was found that the correlation between factors such as the gender, current marriage status, monthly wage, the reception of the government's livelihood subsidy and subjective economical status and the SRH were significant. Regardless of the categories of obesity, a large number of the participants rated themselves as 'healthy', but not statistically significant. The subjects who reported poor ADL and IADL capacities, indicators of the status of physical function, were significantly more classified to the 'poor' health category and vice versa (P<0.001). The reported chronic diseases in this study that have lasted more than three months, were lumbago, sciatica, arthritis, high blood pressure and peptic ulcer. The current ratios of smoking, drinking and exercise were 85.3, 39.0 and 18.6%, respectively. The less drinking and exercising there was, the higher the 'good' SRH categories obtained (P<0.05). The respondents who had less chance of eating sour and hot foods estimated their health status as being better.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.27-43
• /
• 2005

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to estimate obesity rate among mentally disabled children in six public schools in Korea. Furthermore, this study identified several factors that correlated with these children's obesity. The results of this study can help identify mentally disabled children who are at an increased risk for obesity and can be used to promote good health in this population. Methods： 1,102 subjectsfrom six public special schools were classified 4 groups who assessed for BMI for age-gender specific reference chart(1998) based on our previous data. Moreover, 207 parents were surveyed to identify predisposing factors for children's obesity, including characteristics of the children and parents, socioeconomic factors, children's eating habits, and children's exercise habits. Results： The prevalence of obesity among the 1,102 mentally disabled children was 17.3%. There was a statistically significant correlation between obesity and factors, such as age, maternal education, parents' perceptions about their child's obesity, frequency of breakfast, and exercise habits. Each of these factors was determined to have a statistically significant influence on obesity when all other factors were controlled in a multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusions： Parental perceptions had an especially strong impact on the weight of their mentally disabled child. This is presumably due to the great influence that parents have on the lifestyles of their children, including dietary habits and frequency of exercise. Furthermore, the rate of obesity was directly proportional to the age of the child. The results of this study strongly indicate the need for preemptive health education programs that stress weight management for mentally disabled elementary school students.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.117-128
• /
• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of mothers education attainment on prevalence of dental caries among their preschool children. Methods: Data were obtained from the third 2006 Korea National Oral Health Survey. A total of 515 preschool children aged 2 to 7 years and their mothers were selected in this study. We used mother's education level as her socioeconomic position and controlled children's tooth brushing frequency, tooth brushing before bed, the frequency of eating snack, and the preventive dental visit. Whether children experienced dental caries or not and the number of decayed or filled or missing tooth surface they had were used as outcome variables. Results: The proportion of children affected with dental caries was 46.21%. The mother's education level affected children's caries significantly (p<0.05) and children whose mother attended less than high school had more possibility of having caries than children whose mother graduated from college or more (p<0.05). This effect was still significant and got larger(p<0.05), even after controlling children's dental health behavior. Conclusion: This study showed that mother's education level affected the prevalence of caries among their preschool children. In addition, this result indicated a need for more definite policy for children's dental health in lower socioeconomic class with general dental education.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.867-876
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to determine the attitudes of 397 housewives on the function, preference, eating frequency, and manufacturing procedures of traditional doenjang and traditional soy sauce by age in Seoul. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 95.5% of the housewives recognized a necessity for traditional doenjang and soy sauce, and 88.7% of them considered traditional doenjang and soy sauce as being 'good for health', as compared to marketplace doenjang and soy sauce. Also, the proportion of those holding this view of 'good for health' increased with increasing age. The believed functions for traditional doenjang and soy sauce were 'anti-cancer effects' (87.1%), 'prevention of obesity' (51.1%), and 'prevention of constipation' (38.5%). The preference for traditional doenjang or soy sauce by those in their 60s (4.65, 4.45) was higher than by those in their 20s (4.05, 3.65). The frequency of intake for traditional doenjang increased with increasing age. The main reasons for frequently consuming traditional doenjang and soy sauce were 'good for health' (64.0%, 59.2%) and 'delicious' (58.5%, 57.1%). The main reason for not frequently consuming traditional doenjang and soy sauce was 'I have no traditional doenjang or soy sauce' (71.4%, 71.6%). About 39.5% of the housewives manufactured traditional doenjang and soy sauce at home. Those in their 60s (78.1%) manufactured more traditional doenjang and soy sauce than those in their 20s (25.0%), 30s (22.4%), 40s (37.7%), and 50s (52.9%).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.621-628
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate changes of gastric vagal nerve activity and pyloric valve function after execution of combination treatments of both electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) and manual acupuncture at other acupoints in patient with functional dyspepsia. Methods : Bowel sounds of 49 patients (18 male, 31 female) were recorded and their % of bowel sound (%BS) and ratio of dominant frequency (DF) were analyzed. Postprandial %BS was used to indicate the gastric vagal activity after eating. Ratio of postprandial/fasting dominant frequency was used to present the degree of pyloric valve function. According to values of %BS and DF ratio, each patient was classified into normal or abnormal (<6 %BS, hypoactivity: <1 DF ratio, dysfunction) group. For 2 weeks, patients received a treatment consisting of both electroacupuncture stimulation at Zusanli (ST36) and acupuncture at other meridian points. Variation of parameters shifting normal to abnormal or abnormal to normal was observed, and total cure rate was calculated. Results : Total cure rate of %BS was 16%, and that of DF was 37%. Patients who improved to normal value from abnormal or aggravated to abnormal level showed both significant difference in both vagal nerve hypoactivity and pyloric valve dysfunction, respectively. Conclusions : Analysis of bowel sound might be useful to evaluate both gastric vagal nerve activity and pyloric valve function. Combination effects of Zusanli (ST36) electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture of other acupoints showed a bidirectional effect in which their activity and function were in general improved. sometimes from aggravated to abnormal level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.8
• /
• pp.976-986
• /
• 1997

Coronary artery disease (CAD) such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction(MI) have been considered the major cause of death for decaddes . THeir incidence and prevalence are still increasing . Numerous studies have been done on the risk factor analysis of CAD in Western countries. Since the diet in Western countries is different from that in Korea it is difficult to assume that the Korean diet has the same effects as its western counterpeart on the development of CAD . THus the gudidelines for the Western CAD patients can no totally be applied to Koreans. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between diet and CAD in Koreans. Subjects were comprised of patients admitted to the hospital for chest pain with poxxilbe CAD (men 129, women 65) . They were divided into the following three groups according to angiographic results ; angiogrphically normal coronary artery group (control), single vessel disease group(SVD) and multiple vessel disease group (MVD) . Intakes of dietary fatty acids and other nutrients were assessed by the semiquantitative food frequency method. Blood was also obtained from subjects for serum lipid analysis. Serum lipid profiles of men were clearly different form those of women. For men, serum choesterol levels (or LDL or LDL/HDL) seemed to be higher in the MVD group compared to the control and SVD groups, while TG level was significantly higher in the MVD group for women. Both men and women showed significantly higher caloric , fiber and vitamins C and A intakes in the MVD group than in the other two groups. Higher caloric intakes was due to higher intakes of carbohydrate and protein rather than fat intake. In terms of fatty acids intake, there were no significant differences among the three groups . Smoking seemed to have great effect on eating patterns in CAD patients. Smokers and ex-smokers showed significantly higher intakes of most nutrients including individual fatty acids that non-smokers. The results of stepwise regression showed that moderate alcohol intake decreases LDL levels and increases HDL levels and smoking seems to lowe HDL levels in CAD patients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.140-151
• /
• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the consumption patterns of convenience food at convenience stores, dietary habits, and perception as well as knowledge of food additives among university students. Methods: Subjects were 352 university students in Cheongju, Korea, and data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. They were divided into three groups according to the frequency of consumption of convenience food at convenience stores: 79 rare (${\leq}1$ time/month), 89 moderate (2-4 times/month) and 184 frequent (${\geq}2$ times/week). Results: More subjects from the frequent consumption group lived apart from parents (p<0.001) and possessed more pocket money (p<0.01). Frequent consumption group consumed noodles, Kimbab, and sandwich & burger significantly more often (p<0.001, respectively) than others. In addition, frequent consumption of convenience foods at convenience stores was associated with frequent breakfast skipping (p<0.05), irregular meal time (p<0.01), snacking (p<0.05), and eating late night meal (p<0.001). More from the rare consumption group had heard about food additives previously compared to the frequent consumption group (79.7% vs. 63.6%, p<0.01). Frequent consumption group showed significantly higher score than did the rare consumption group for the following questions: monosodium glutamate is harmful to your health (p<0.05), food additives are necessary for food manufacturing (p<0.005), food additives need to be labeled on products (p<0.05), there is no food additive at all if labeled as no preservatives, no coloring, and no added sugar (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in degrees of choosing products with less food additives depending on the consumption pattern. Conclusions: Our results provided a better understanding of the factors associated with frequent consumption of convenience foods at convenience stores among university students and will be useful to develop a nutrition education program for those who are more prone to consume convenience foods.