• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.43-56
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• 2002

About 12 rain gauge stations of Korea, annual maximum rainfall series of before and after 1980 whose durations are 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours respectively were composed and statistical characteristics of those time series were calculated and probability rainfall were estimated by L-moment frequency analysis method and compared each other in order to investigate the recent quantitative rainfall variations. And also, distribution curves of each statistical variations for each duration were constructed by using Kigging method to look into spacial rainfall variation aspects. As a result, We could confirm recent rainfall increase in the South Korea. And spatial increase pattern of standard deviation and frequency rainfall appeared analogously each other. 1n the cases of comparatively short rainfall duration, we could see relatively low increase or decrease tendency in Chungchong Province, Cholla-bukdo, Cholla-namdo eastern part, Kyongsang-namdo western part area. While, variations happened great1y in seaside district of east coast, southwest seashore, Inchon area etc. In the cases of longer durations relatively low increase was showed in southern seashore such as Yeosoo area and as distance recedes from this area, showed gradually augmented tendency. The aspect of mean looks similar tendency of above except that the variation rate of almost seaside district are big in the case of shorter durations. In addition, rainfall increases of short durations which became the center of hydrologist and meteorologist are unconfirmed in this study.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.443-450
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• 2015

The east coast of the Korean Peninsula is susceptible to fires because of the low rainfall in winter and spring, and large forest fires have occurred in this area. Lack of fresh water to combat fires has hampered efforts to prevent widespread forest fires in this region. Seawater has not been used as a suppressant because of possible detrimental effects of salt. We investigated the mobility of saline water in the forest soil and their effect on the microbial activity. Using a fire-fighting helicopter, seawater was sprayed over three plots (50 × 100 m) located on the eastern slope of the Baekdu mountain range in South Korea in April, 2011. We sampled the soil in April 4, May 20, and August 5 to determine the amount of salt that remained in the soil. The electrical conductivity value of the soil decreased to <400 μS/cm over a 1-month period. Approximately, four months after the application of seawater, the electrical conductivity value and Na⁺ content in all treatment plots did not significantly differ to those of the control plot, and total microbial activity also recovered to that of the control. Our results indicate that the amount of rainfall, soil physical-chemical properties, and topological factors may be a critical factor determining the mobility of saline water in forest soil.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.372-378
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• 2017

In this study, we identified the causative agent of post-harvest gray mold on broccoli that was stored on a farmers' cooperative in Pyeongchang, Gangwon Province, South Korea, in September 2016. The incidence of gray mold on broccoli was 10-30% after 3-5 weeks of storage at $3^{\circ}C$. Symptoms included brownish curd and gray-to-dark mycelia with abundant conidia on the infected broccoli curds. The fungus was isolated from infected fruit and cultured on potato dextrose agar. To identify the fungus, we examined the morphological characteristics and sequenced the rDNA of the fungus and confirmed its pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. The results of the morphological examination, pathogenicity test, and sequencing of the 5.8S rDNA of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS4) and three nuclear protein-coding genes, G3PDH, HSP60, and RPB2, revealed that the causal agent of the post-harvest gray mold on broccoli was Botrytis cinerea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of post-harvest gray mold on broccoli in Korea.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.340-348
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• 2003

Sedimentological investigations on surface and suspended sediments were performed in Kwangyang Bay of the middle South Sea in order to reveal recent changes in depositional environments concerning anthropogenic influence. A variety of coastal developments caused the texture of the surface sediments to become distinctively finer, particularly in the southwestern part of the bay. Accordingly, the westward lining sedimentary facies was somewhat simplified from triple-mode distribution to the dual-mode one by the construction of POSCO. This east-west distribution to the sedimentary facies has recently graded into the north-south distribution by further construction of other industrial complexes including Kwangyang Port. The prominent textural changes in surface sediments are most likely associated with weakening of tidal currents related to the developments which is anticipated to be .still continued. The distribution and flux estimation of suspended sediments suggest a noticeable import of fine particles into the bay predominantly through a northern entrance rather than the southern entrance. The movements of suspended sediments in the water level near the seabed prevailed over those of the mid and surficial levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.581-588
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• 2019

A long-term trend analysis of cold water masses along eastern coast of South Korea was performed during summer, based on wind speed, wind direction, and sea surface temperature (SST) data. Wind data collected over a 22-year period (1997-2011) were compared with another set of data collected over the successive 7-year (2012-2018), highlighting a general decrease in the frequency and speed of south winds. However, both the frequency and speed of these winds have been higher in June between 2012-2018, rather than between 1997-2011. The cold water season between July and August was faster during the 7-year period; moreover, the SSTs registered around Gangneung (EN) rose by $0.5^{\circ}C- 1.8^{\circ}C$, while those around Yeongdeok (EC) and Gijang (ES) increased by only $0.1^{\circ}C-0.3^{\circ}C$. The number of cold water days during the 7-year period, compared to those recorded during previous years (1990-2011, satellite SST data by NOAA/AVHRR), decreased in the proximity of Yeongdeok and Gijang, but increased in the proximity of Kangneung. Additionally, the number of cold water days around Kangneung, Yeongdeok, and Gijang increased in June highlighting a geographical and temporal change in the occurrence of cold waters. These observation can be explained by variations in the pressure distribution that should have weakened the East Asian monsoon, affecting the direction and speed of winds that regulate the flow of cold waters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2014

The objective of this paper is to aid in basic directions for the countermeasure against marine accidents by using the statistical data of Jeju Coast Guard from 1983 to 2012. Marine accidents of about 600~1,000 vessels was reported in all the waters around South Korea from 2000 to 2008. From 2009, these accidents increased rapidly and reached 1,600~2,000 vessels. Although marine accidents of longline fishing vessels did not show a big change prior to 1993, the number have increased steadily until 2007. This is considered a tendency that appears when longline vessels, using the Port of Sungsanpo as a base and operating in fishing grounds in the East China Sea, are converted to long-term fishing from short-term fishing for reasons such as cost reduction due to the sudden rise of oil prices and the performance improvement of the fishing vessels. The number of vessels in marine accidents decreased gradually from 1999 to 2002 and for nearly 7 years from 2002 to 2008, the annual average of marine accidents stayed at 97 vessels. This is seemed to be the result of a change in the policy of either the central or local government and largely associated with changes in the way of statistical processing. This tendency is resulted in lower number of the accidents due to careless navigation which can be viewed as a human error than the number of marine accidents due to poor maintenance as a cause of mechanical failure in the same period. The increase rate in the marine accidents of Jeju Island-based fishing vessels is greater than that of other area-based fishing vessels among the fishing vessels operating in coastal and near sea around Jeju Island each year.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2002

A new kinorhynch species belonging to the genus Echinoderes is described on the basis of the materials from the subtidal sediments and various macroalgae in the south and east coast of Korea. Echinoderes lanceolatus n. sp. is characteristic in having the subcuticular scars in subventral position on segment 3 and incomplete midventral articulation on segment 4, the middorsal spines a little shorter than the corresponding segments, the ‘brace-shaped’muscle scars at sternal plates of segments 9 and 10 in females, the flat posterior margin of terminal ventral plates and the lanceolate terminal tergal extension.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1310-1316
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• 2014

The IMO has recommended on VHF digital communications operation for sailing ships from 2017. And ships more than 5 tons is obliged to digital communications by fishing Vessels Act and Vessel Safety Act in domestic. The owner of all vessel is equipped to the automatic position reporting device in accordance with the Notice of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries to regulations, It shall be ensure to navigations safety and in order to respond quickly in the event of maritime accidents on all vessels. The info-communications station of fishery is operating the automatic position reporting system using the VHF DSC in east sea from 2012, Continuously, which is underway the install plan in south sea and yellow sea. But this plan is very difficult, because of propagation environment is poor on account of complicated coastline and many islands. This paper has analyzed the propagation coverage for position setting of coast station in south sea and the traffic zone set up by compare with RSSI and methode of navigation tracking by VMS.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.44-48
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• 1973

Since no medium-sized anchovies for skipjack baits are caught during the winter season in the Korean waters, the demand for the live baits in the winter season is met with crawl-stocked anchovies. Authors conducted a test on the wintering of the anchovies which were caught in the early November and acclimated for 22days in a crawl. The wintering crawl was kept in the inlet near Chungmu City, which is situated in the southern coast of Korea, for 4 months through December 1, 1971 to March 31, 1972. 1. The lowest water temperature of $7.2^{\circ}C$ recorded on March 1, caused no significant mortality of the wintering anchovies. However, two operations, moving the crawl and repacling the crawl webbing, brought about a considerable mortality. The mortality of the anchovies, due to the crawl moving to the wintering place two kilometers away from the transient acclimating place, amounted to 1.5 percent in 9 days following the crawl moving. The replacement of the fouled crawl webbing with a new one also caused a mortality amounting to 1.7 percent in 5 days. 2. It is judged that the favorable wintering waters lie in the south and southeast coasts of Keoje Island, the south and southwest coast of Chungmu City, coasts around Namhae Island, and the east coast of Dolsan Island. Jinhae Bay is not suited for the wintering because of its low water temperature in winter 3. The wintering anchovies wvere fed, once a day through the test period, with 4 kg of finely minced fresh anchovy for 57days in the early period, and with 2kg of compound pellet fish food for the rest of the period. Fatness coefficient of the wintering anchovies showed a slight increase in the latter half of the period.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.49-57
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• 1973

Based on the fork length data of 1960 and on the fishery statistical data of 1968, 1970 and 1971, a research was made on the migration of the Pacific saury in the waters off the eastern coast of Korea. The population is divided into four groups in terms of size as shown in Fig. 5. The four groups demonstrate more or less different pattern of migration, both temporally and spatially. Northward migration is brought out in order of size, i. e., the smaller move northward earlier than the larger do, and the order is reverse in the case of southward migration. The migration routes of each size group are presented in Fig. 8. Whether the fish takes its course to the north or the south, its distribution centroid within the fishing grounds is traced in general following the line between $130^{\circ}$ and $130^{\circ}$130^{\circ$x. long., although longitudinally a pronounced annual bias is found in its month position. The moving pattern of the distribution centroid is assumed to be related with the abundance of each group to a considerable extent.