• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.214-218
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• 2012

China has definitely been arising as the world's most powerful nation. By looking at general national power it seems that China's national prestige in 2011 is already way beyond Asia and even it closely catches up with the United States which is the most powerful nation over the world. The United states-centered world political order has begun to struggle by China's growth. Moreover, there has been an earnest competition arisen for the east-Asia sea supremacy between previous U.S. hegemony and arising China's power. East-Asia's ocean is the stage for this strife and it grows more serious. At this point, South Korea, one of the east-Asia country seeking the nation's stability and prosperity through its ocean, has come under the influence of this strife among the super powers of the world. The Author will closely examine the backgrounds and future opportunities of military competition between U.S. and China to analyze the influence of the power competition towards the security status of east-Asia especially South Korea.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.403-417
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• 2014

Future changes in seasonal mean temperature and precipitation over East Asia under anthropogenic global warming are investigated by comparing the historical run for 1979~2005 and the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 run for 2006~2100 with 20 coupled models which participated in the phase five of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5). Although an increase in future temperature over the East Asian monsoon region has been commonly accepted, the prediction of future precipitation under global warming still has considerable uncertainties with a large inter-model spread. Thus, we select best five models, based on the evaluation of models' performance in present climate for boreal summer and winter seasons, to reduce uncertainties in future projection. Overall, the CMIP5 models better simulate climatological temperature and precipitation over East Asia than the phase 3 of CMIP and the five best models' multi-model ensemble (B5MME) has better performance than all 20 models' multi-model ensemble (MME). Under anthropogenic global warming, significant increases are expected in both temperature and land-ocean thermal contrast over the entire East Asia region during both seasons for near and long term future. The contrast of future precipitation in winter between land and ocean will decrease over East Asia whereas that in summer particularly over the Korean Peninsula, associated with the Changma, will increase. Taking into account model validation and uncertainty estimation, this study has made an effort on providing a more reliable range of future change for temperature and precipitation particularly over the Korean Peninsula than previous studies.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2021

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.825-831
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• 2009

A first step review is completed on the suitability of European designed wind turbines in an East Asia climate. Six parameters are chosen for detailed analysis of proper meteorological measures from flat, hilly, forested, coastal and offshore sites in West Europe and East Asia: mean wind speed, 10 minute mean wind speed distribution, turbulence intensity, wind shear, 3 second extreme wind speed and 10 minute direction change. All six parameters are assessed with a view for contrast with the wind turbine design standard IEC61400. The diurnal and seasonal variation, average and extreme values of each parameter are calculated where appropriate. Industry standard software and analysis techniques have been employed to assess the applicability of existing wind turbine design standards and design guidelines for the East Asian market.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 2002

Material exposure experiments were performed to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and material corrosion rates based on collaboration with researchers in China, Japan, and Korea. Qualitative and quantitative atmospheric corrosion was estimated from damage caused to bronze, copper, steel, marble, cedar, cypress, and lacquer plates exposed to outdoor and indoor conditions in certain East Asian cities. The effects of atmospheric and meteorological factors on the damage to the copper plates and marble pieces were estimated using a regression analysis. The results indicated that sulfur dioxide produced the most destruction of the materials, especially in South Korea and China. In Japan, the copper plates were damaged as a result of natural conditions and sea salt. Copper was also found to be damaged by the surface deposition of sulfur and chlorine. Meanwhile, marble was substantially degraded by gaseous sulfur dioxide, yet sulfate ions in rain had no effect. Accordingly, the analysis of air pollution from the perspective of material damage was determined to be very useful in evaluating and substantiating the intensity of air pollution in East Asia.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.111-126
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• 2004

Many countries in the North East Asia are competing with each other in order to become a centre of international logistics activities. The competition to become a hub port in Far East region is now fierce. The anticipated investments on improving port facilities and attracting the mega carriers are immense for all the ports in the region and the extent of the effort could cripple the local ports and region's economy given the limited financial resources. It is, however, impossible to avoid the disastrous possibility that the massive investments could be channeled into the port, which will never become a hub port, as no port is ready to currently admit defeat and settle as a small regional port. In an attempt to minimise such disastrous waste of resources, ports need to verify the eligibility of their own. This paper tests a system dynamics model using the Port of Busan to understand and illustrate the principle guideline of investment decision making for ports.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1620-1624
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• 2010

The NLCCA has been applied to analyze the East Asia sea surface temperature (SST) and Korea monthly precipitation, where the eight leading PCs of the SST and the eight PCs of the precipitation during 1973-2007 were inputs to an NLCCA model. The first NLCCA mode is plotted in the PC spaces of the Korea precipitation and the world SST present a curve linking the nonlinear relationship between the first three leading PCs of Korea precipitation and world SST forthright. The correlation coefficient between canonical variate time series u and v is 0.8538 for the first NLCCA mode. And there are some areas' climate variability have higher relationship with Korea precipitation, especially focus on the north of East Sea' climate variability have represented the higher canonical correlation with Korea precipitation, with the correlation coefficient is 0.871 and 0.838. Likewise in Korea, most stations display similarly uniform distributing characteristic and less difference, in particular the inshore stations have display identical distributing characteristic. In correlation variables' scores, the fluctuation and variation trend are also seasonal oscillation with high frequency.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-80
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• 2017

This paper examines the operational limitations of the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM) as a regional financial safety net in East Asia and presents a new regional financial arrangement. To overcome the drawbacks of the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization which has never been activated so far, this study proposes that ASEAN+3 establish a new lending facility, so-called a Reserve Fund Facility, and create a regional common reserves asset. The proposed Reserve Fund Facility framework guarantees lending automaticity of the liquidity facility, based on upfront funding instead of pledge funding. Establishing the Reserve Fund Facility could find a way of making up for weakness of the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization and responding to the regional needs for effective regional financial arrangement. The full-fledged Reserve Fund Facility will ultimately contribute to the future development of East Asia's monetary and financial cooperation beyond the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.233-272
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• 2021

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement, signed in November 2020, comes shortly after the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) entered into force and the US-China Trade War escalated. We use a computable general equilibrium model to assess the long-term effects of these three developments on income, trade, economic structure, factor returns and employment across the world, and especially in Asia-Pacific countries. The results suggest that RCEP could generate income gains that will be almost twice as large as those of the CPTPP, and that the two agreements together will largely offset the substantial negative effects of the US-China Trade War for the world as a whole. All three policy developments, but especially RCEP, will deepen East Asian production networks and will raise productivity and increase wages and employment in much of East Asia. At the sectoral level, regional trade in non-durable and durable manufactures will experience the most growth.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.427-465
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• 2018

East Asia, for long the epitome of successful engagement in trade, faces serious challenges: technological change that may threaten the very model of labor intensive industrialization and a backlash against globalization that may reduce access to important markets. The analysis in this article suggests that how East Asia copes with these global challenges will depend on how it addresses three more proximate national and regional challenges. The first is the emergence of China as a global trade giant, which is fundamentally altering the trading patterns and opportunities of its neighbors. The second is the asymmetric implementation of national reform - in goods trade and investment versus services - which is affecting the evolution of comparative advantage and productivity in each country. The third is the divergence between the relatively shallow and fragmented agreements that regulate the region's trade and investment and the growing importance of regional and global value chains as crucial drivers of productivity growth.