• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.229-238
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• 1993

Ecological role of earthworms in red pine forest was investigated with emphasis on the population size, cast production and changes of physicoKDICical properties of soil by earthworm's activities. The density of earthworms was 62.8/m2 in August, 1992. Average biomass of earthworms was 16.3 g/m2. N and P concentrations in the tissue of earthworms were 28.5 mgN/g and 0.5 mgP/g, respectively. Cast production continued from April to November, with a peak in August. Annual production of earthworm casts was 5,379 g/m2. Bulk density of surface soil decreased due to the earthworm's cast-forming activity. Clay fraction in surface soil increased by addition of casts. Soil KDICical properties were significantly different between the surface soil and the earthworm casts. The amounts of organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg added to the soil via earthworm casts during one year were 9.3t/ha, 11.29 kg/ha, 0.78 kg/ha, 12.36 kg/ha, 140.29 kg/ha and 20.96 kg/ha, respectively. Earthworms can feed on waxy and resinous litter when it became palatable by decomposing processes.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1996

A study was made to investigate the possibility of treating various organic waste of cattle manure, swine manure, goat manure, apple pomace, chinese medicine residue and coffee less by feeding these to earthworms and then by studying the growth and reproductive efficiency of earthworms, and the chemical composition of worm cast and its production. The results are summarized as follows. 1. When the feed for earthworms were in good condition which were cattle manure, swine manure and apple pomace, the reproductive efficiency of earthworms was improved however in worse condition the feed of which were goat manure and chinese medicine residue, the increasing rate(IR) became faster. 2. Despite the high content of organic matter(OM) in coffee lees, the earthworms fed coffee lees showed significantly lower reproductive efficiency and increasing rate(IR) than those fed other organic waste due mainly to its lower pH and lower total nitrogen(TN) content. Therefore, when coffee lees is considered to be fed to earthworms, it is believed necessary to be mixed with addiveves or other organic waste in order to improve the feed condition. 3. pH in swine manure, goat manure, apple pomace, chinese medicine residue and coffee lees became neutralized by being fed by earthworms. 4. Available P2O5 and exchangeable cation(EC) of earthworm cast were a little increased compared to those of feed. The contents of Mn, Fe and Cu in earthworm cast were a little decreased to compared to those of feed. 5. The contents of Mn, Fe and Cu in earthworm cast were a little a decreased to compared to those of feed. 6. Mean fresh weight of earthworm at final time(FW2) was negatively correlated with number of young worms(NY)(P<0.01), but positively with increasing rate(IR) (P<0.001) and C/N ratio(P<0.05) respectively. Number of cocoons (NC) and fresh weight of cocoons(WC) were positively(P<0.01) correlated with fresh weight of young worms (WY) and digested matter(DI) but negatively(P<0.001) correlated with residual matter(WY) and digested matter(DI) but negatively(P<0.001) correlated with residual matter(RW). Number of young worms(NY) and fresh weigh of young worms(WY) were negatively(P<0.001) correlated with increasing rate(IR), however increasing rate(IR) of earthworm was positively(P<0.05) correlatedd with C/N ratio.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2023

The sustainable management of rice straw is essential for protection of human health and environment. This study assesses the impact of stock density of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) on the quality of the final vermicompost. The vermicompost is produced using different combinations of rice straw, Neem leaves, and cow dung (bulking agent) by varying stock density of earthworms. The vermicomposting experiments are performed in plastic containers (32 cm × 28 cm × 28 cm) in open for 90 days under laboratory conditions. The stock density of the earthworm is found to be an important factor to influence nutritional quality of the final vermicompost. There is observed significant improvement in the total nitrogen (91.8%), phosphate (73.4%), potassium (38.8%), and calcium (59.05%) content of the vermicompost produced with the highest stock density of the earthworms. All the treatments showed decrease in TOC and C:N content after 90 days of vermicomposting. The treatment with Neem leaves showed maximum growth of earthworms (2.65 fold). Neem leaves brought positive changes in the quality of final vermicompost by enhancing the growth and reproduction of the earthworms. The calcium content increased by 39% in the final vermicompost with the addition of Neem leaves at the same stock density of the earthworms. The stock density of the earthworms and Neem leaves are found to significantly improve quality of the final vermicompost as compared with the compost (control). The surface morphology in SEM images showed high degree of fragmentation in the vermicompost as compared with the compost. The combined action of microbes and earthworms resulted in high degree of disintegration in the vermicompost.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 1996

분뇨슬러지에서의 지렁이의 생육과정을 추적하고, 분립의 안전성을 평가하여 Vermicomposting에 의한 효율적인 분뇨슬러지의 처리가능성을 검토하였다. 지렁이의 생존율은 사육기간이 길어짐에 따라서 저하하였는데, 1주에서 99.3%가 7주에서는 52.0%로 감소하였다. 지렁이의 사육기간을 분뇨슬러지 섭취량에 대한 분립생산량의 비율로서 2단계로 구분할 수 있다. 즉, 3주까지는 먹이섭취량이 지렁이의 증체에 이용되었으나, 그 이후의 사육기간에서는 먹이섭취량이 분립생산에 이용되었다. 지렁이의 증체속도와 현존량은 3주에서 각각 10.59mg/day과 14.48g으로, 다른 사육기간보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 증체속도와 현존량과의 관계는 0.1% 수준의 유의한 정상관이 인정되었다. 지렁이의 현존량은 3주에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으나, 분립생산량은 3주 이후 7주까지 점차적으로 증가하여 7주에서 최고 값을 나타내었다. 분립의 무기물 함량은 분뇨슬러지보다 낮은 값을 나타내었는데, 분립의 무기물 함량이 낮았던 원인은 지렁이의 사육과정중에서 무기물의 체내축적이 많았기 때문이라고 생각된다. 또한 분립의 무기물 함량(중금속)은 유기질 비료의 허용규제치 이하의 값을 나타내어 안전성이 높았다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.885-892
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• 2011

The bacterial communities in the intestinal tracts of earthworm were investigated by culture-dependent and -independent approaches. In total, 72 and 55 pure cultures were isolated from the intestinal tracts of earthworms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. Aerobic bacteria were classified as Aeromonas (40%), Bacillus (37%), Photobacterium (10%), Pseudomonas (7%), and Shewanella (6%). Anaerobic bacteria were classified as Aeromonas (52%), Bacillus (27%), Shewanella (12%), Paenibacillus (5%), Clostridium (2%), and Cellulosimicrobium (2%). The dominant microorganisms were Aeromonas and Bacillus species under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In all, 39 DNA fragments were identified by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis. Aeromonas sp. was the dominant microorganism in feeds, intestinal tracts, and casts of earthworms. The DGGE band intensity of Aeromonas from feeds, intestinal tracts, and casts of earthworms was 12.8%, 14.7%, and 15.1%, respectively. The other strains identified were Bacillus, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Photobacterium, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Streptomyces, uncultured Chloroflexi bacterium, and uncultured bacterium. These results suggest that PCR-DGGE analysis was more efficient than the culturedependent approach for the investigation of bacterial diversity and the identification of unculturable microorganisms.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2014

Fairy Pittas use the forest around the valley and Gotjawal as breeding places. This survey was conducted to investigate the characteristic of earthworms, specifically its population density, body size around the breeding site in Gotjawal and the forest around the valley areas from the middle of July to the end of July 2013. A total of 405 individual earthworms were collected in the 100 small established quadrats, in which 315 were found in Gotjawal and 90 were found in the forest around the valley area. The density of earthworms in Gotjawal was significantly higher compared to that forest around the valley area. It was also observed that the body size of earthworms was significantly different between Gotjawal and the forest around the valley area. Proportion of number of individuals which are larger than 7cm in body size was 43%(n=135) in Gotjawal and 84%(n=76) in the forest around the valley area, respectively. Soil area was not important factor to the density of earthworms. We suggest that Gotjawal can be considered as a suitable breeding site for Fairy Pitta because of the richness of its primary food in this area.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.488-492
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• 2007

The influence of additive materials including saw dust and cow manure in the ripening of leather sludge for the efficient vermisabilization was studied. The ripening characteristics of the leather sludge, the growth of earthworms in the growth bed and the by-products like cast were observed according to the mixing ratio of additive materials. When the mixed leather sludge of which the additive materials contents were over 20% were ripened for 50 days, the values of ORP and alkalinity were changed to the favorable ranges for earthworms, the positive (+) and below 1,000 mg/l as $CaCO_3$, respectively. The velocity of ripening improving the characteristics of the leather sludge was faster in the sludge mixed with cow manure than saw dust. This results could also be verified from the monitoring of the states of earthworm growth using the survival rate, the increase rate of lifeweight and the hatching rate of earthworm cocoon in the their growth bed packed with the ripened sludge. The values of CEC in cast, the vermi-stabilized sludge, were increased with the mixing ratio of additive materials, but the content of heavy metals was drcreased by the dilution effect and accumulation in the earthworm body. Above results show that the leather sludge might be efficiently stabilized by earthworms through the ripening for 50 days using additive materials. Cow manure can be used as a good additive materials for leather sludge as much as saw dust, and the optimum content of additive materials in the well-ripened leather sludge was about 30%.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.63-82
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• 2009

본 논문은 지렁이를 이용한 계분처리 그리고 지렁이를 이용한 계육 및 계란의 생산과 안전성에 관한 연구에 대해서 정리하였다. 1. 대구교육대학교 내 지렁이가 계분을 양질의 물질로 전환시키는 친환경 계사가 만들어졌다. 2. 높은 단백질 함량과 균형 잡힌 아미노산 및 양질의 지방산을 포함하는 지렁이 분말은 단위동물의 사료원으로 최상이다. 3. 육계의 사료 중 $0.2{\sim}0.4%$의 지렁이 분말의 첨가는 사료 중 단백질 소화율을 개선시켜서 생산성을 증가시켰다. 4. 산란계에서의 지렁이 분말 $0.2{\sim}0.6%$ 첨가는 산란성적을 개선시켰으며, 계란의 질 특히 난황중의 n-6/n-3의 균형을 개선시켰다. 5. 지렁이 분말 중에 As, Cd, Cr, Hg 및 Pb 등의 중금속이 소량 검출되었으나 이 지렁이 분말을 사료첨가제로 먹고 생산된 계육과 계란에서는 상기에 제시한 중금속이 검출되지 않았다. 그러므로 지렁이 분말을 첨가제로 생산된 계육과 계란은 중금속의 축적에서 안전하다고 할 수 있다. 5. 본 연구에서는 지렁이는 친환경 축산에도 매우 중요한 소재로 활용가능하다는 것을 시사하였다.

• 한국토양동물학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 1999

야외에서 효율적인 지렁이 채집방법을 개발하기 위해 몇 가지 채집방법들의 채집효율을 비교하였다. 공시된 채집방법들은 1) 단위면적(50 cm${\times}$50 cm)의 토양속 30 cm 깊이까지 파헤쳐 수작업(Hand Sorting)하는 방법, 2) 단위면적의 토양표면에 겨자, 포르말린, 후추 등의 기피제 용액을 부어주는 방법, 3) 단위면적 토양속 10-15 cm까지 수작업 후 기피제를 부어주는 혼합처리방법(수작업+기피제)이었다. 수작업방법이 기피제 용액을 사용하는 경우보다 더 많은 개체수를 채집할 수 있었으나 강도높은 노동력과 많은 노동시간을 요구하였다. 기피제를 토양표면에 적용하는 방법에서는 겨자와 포르말린의 효율이 유사하였고, 후추는 양자에 비해 현저하게 채집효율이 떨어졌다. 수작업 및 겨자 혼합처리가 수작업 및 포르말린이나 수작업 및 후추 혼합처리보다 채집효율이 높았으며, 전적으로 수작업에 의존하는 채집방법과 유사한 개체수를 채집할 수 있으면서, 노동시간이나 노동강도는 현저하게 줄일 수 있었다. 따라서 충분한 양의 겨자용액을 만들 수 있는 물이 공급될 수 있는 야외에서는 지렁이를 채집할 때는 '수작업 및 겨자처리'의 혼합처리방법이 효과적으로 이용될 수 있으며 이때 수작업을 적용하는 토양깊이는 15 cm 정도가 적정할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-74
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• 1961

This concerns the summary report of a series of studies on Metastrongylosis hitherto published by the writer. The life cycle of swine lungworm was first elucidated by Hobmaier in 1929. Since then subsequent studies conducted by many workers have revealed that some species of earthworms act as specific intermediate hosts of swine lungworm. The writer observed that three species of earthworms, Helodrilus foetidus, Allolobophora caliginosa and Pheretima, serve as intermediate hosts of swine lungworm in Korea. The present summary consists of the results of survey on the distribution of infectious lungworm larvae and the studies on the developmental growth of lungworm larvae in the intermediate and terminal hosts.