• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2002.03a
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2002

In this study we produced 1-dimensional p wave velocity structure of the crust using 449 P arrivals of 35 stations and we analysed hypocenters of the southeastern Korean peninsula area. A initial velocity model was selected from the priori studies and 30 different initial models were generated using random number generation from it. Using the veriest program 30 different velocity structures were calculated and the result show that velocities are 5.8 - 6.4 km/sec within 6 - 16 km depth and 7 $\pm$ 0.2 km/sec within 20 - 30 km with resonable resolution. Hypocenters were relocated by using resulted 1-dimensional velocity model as a initial model. Recalculated hypocenters'depth are shallower than initial data and epicenters show a little better lineality around study area but more much earthquake information are needed fur the determination of relation between epicenter distribution and geological tectonic structures.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1999.04a
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 1999

Crustal velocity model is very important to determine the hypocenters of the local earthquakes because the real crust is more complex and heterogeneous than simple homogeneous layerd model. But the exact crust model in and around Kyeongsang basin area is not fixed till now. To solve this problem Joint Hypocenter Determination(JHD) method is applied to the 133 local earthquakes that is recorded at KIGAM local network from Dec. 14 1994. to May 14, 1998. According to the comparision of earthquake locations and depths for the conventional procedure and JHD relocation procedure each locations is very similar but depth distributions are different. An initial depth distribution derived from the conventional methods is irregular and does not show the general trends. JHD relocations reduce scatter and define a dipping plane which is parallel to and apart 15km north from Ulsan fault.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.8-12
• /
• 2003

Crustal velocity model is very important to determine the hypocenters of the local earthquakes, because the real crust is more complex and heterogeneous than simple homogeneous layered model. But the exact crust model in and around Kyeongsang basin area is not fixed till now. To solve this problem, Joint Hypocenter Determination(JHD) method is applied to the 151 local earthquakes, that is recorded at KIGAM local network from Mar. 25, 1999 to Dec. 16, 2001. According to the comparison of earthquake locations and depths for the conventional procedure and JHD relocation procedure, each locations is very similar, but depth distributions are different. An initial depth distribution derived from the conventional methods is irregular and does not show the general trends. JHD relocations reduce scatter and define a dipping plane.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2011

A cluster of micro-earthquakes in the transition zone between the continental and oceanic crust in the East Sea was relocated using the Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) method. In order to increase the number of available earthquakes and to take advantage of the high detection capability of the Korea National Seismic Network (KNSN), continuously recorded seismic data were reviewed to identify 56 micro-earthquakes occurring in a 20 km ${\times}$ 20 km region. The initial earthquake hypocenters were determined using a routine single event location method. Single event locations do not reveal any significant structures in the study area. After relocating the earthquake hypocenters using the JHD technique, the earthquakes were clustered and four potential faults responsible for earthquake generation in the subsurface were delineated. They are defined by two sub-vertical and two steeply south-dipping seismicities located next to each other.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2016

Small to large earthquakes have been reported in Gyeongju and its vicinity in southeast Korea during historical period as well as instrumental observation period. We identified and located more than 300 earthquakes that occurred between January 2010 and December 2014 in a $20km{\times}30km$ area, but were unreported because of their small magnitudes. We used the Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) method to minimize the influence of the differences between the actual earth structure and 1-D velocity model for earthquake locations. The potential relationship between the previously reported Quaternary faults and the earthquake hypocenters was investigated. Many micro-earthquakes were found to be located in the southern segment of the Yeonil Tectonic Line, the Seokup fault, and the Waup basin boundary faults.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2000

Instrumental observation of earth quakes in KIGAM was first attempted in the earty 1980`s by using 6 portable seismographs in the vicinity of Yang-San Faults. Now twenty-four permanent stations, which are equipped with short-period or broad-band seismometer, are included in seismic research network in KIGAM, including KSRS array station in Wonju which is consisted of 26 bore-hole stations. The seismic network of KIGAM is also linked to that of KEPRI(Korea Electric Power Research Institute)which is consisted of eight stations installed within and around the nuclear power plants. Owing to real-time data acquisition by telemetry, it became feasible to automatically locate hypocenters of the local events within fifteen minutes by computer data processing system, named KEMS(Korea Earthquake Monitoring System). Results of the hypocenter determination, together with observational data, are compiled and stored in the data base system. And they are published via web site whose URL is http://quake.kigam.re.kr KIGAM is also running t재 permanent geomagnetic stations installed in Daejun and Kyungju. The observed geomagnetic data are transmitted to Earthquake Research Centre in KIGAM by seismic network and compiled for the purpose of earthquake prediction research and other basic geophysical research.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.39 no.2 s.177
• /
• pp.111-128
• /
• 2006

Three dimensional crustal structure and source features of earthquake hypocenters on the Korean peninsula were investigated using P and S-wave travel time tomography. The main goal of this research was to find Vp/Vs anomalies at earthquake hypocenters as well as those of crustal structure of basins and deep tectonic settings. This allowed fer the extrapolation of more detailed seismotectonic force from the Korean peninsula. The earthquake hypocenters were found to have high Vp/Vs ratio discrepancies (VRD) at the vertical sections. High V/p/Vs ratios were also found in the sedimentary basins and beneath the Chugaryong Rift Zone (CRZ), which was due to mantle plume that subsequently solidified with many fractures and faults which were saturated with connate water. The hypocenters of most earthquakes were found in the upper crust for Youngwol (YE), Kyongju (KE), Hongsung (HE), Kaesong (KSE), Daekwan (DKE), and Daehung (DHE) earthquakes, but near the subcrust or the Moho Discontinuity for Mt. Songni (SE), Sariwon (SRE) and Mt. Jiri (JE) earthquakes. Especially, we found hot springs of the Daekwan, Daehung and Unsan regions coincide with high VRD. Also, this cannot rule out the possibility that there are some partial meltings in the subcrust of this region. High VRD might indicate that many faults and fractures with connate water were dehydrated when earthquakes took place, reducing shear modulus in the hypocenter areas. This is can be explained by due to the fact that a point source which is represented by the moment tensor that may involve changes in volume, shear fracture, and rigidity. High Vp/Vs ratio discrepancies (VRD) were also found beneath Mt. Backdu beneath 40 km, indicating that magma chamber existed beneath Mt. Backdu is reducing shear modulus of S-wave velocity.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.39 no.4 s.179
• /
• pp.369-384
• /
• 2006

Korean Peninsula, located on the southeastern part of Eurasian plate, belongs to the intraplate region. The characteristics of intraplate earthquake show the low and rare seismicity and the sparse and irregular distribution of epicenters comparing to interplate earthquake. To evaluate the exact seismic activity in intraplate region, long-term seismic data including historical earthquake data should be archived. Fortunately the long-term historical earthquake records about 2,000 years are available in Korea Peninsula. By the analysis of this historical and instrumental earthquake data, seismic activity was very high in 16-18 centuries and is more active at the Yellow sea area than East sea area. Comparing to the high seismic activity of the north-eastern China in 16-18 centuries, it is inferred that seismic activity in two regions shows close relationship. Also general trend of epicenter distribution shows the SE-NW direction. In Korea Peninsula, the first seismic station was installed at Incheon in 1905 and 5 additional seismic stations were installed till 1943. There was no seismic station from 1945 to 1962, but a World Wide Standardized Seismograph was installed at Seoul in 1963. In 1990, Korean Meteorological Adminstration(KMA) had established centralized modem seismic network in real-time, consisted of 12 stations. After that time, many institutes tried to expand their own seismic networks in Korea Peninsula. Now KMA operates 35 velocity-type seismic stations and 75 accelerometers and Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources operates 32 and 16 stations, respectively. Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety and Korea Electric Power Research Institute operate 4 and 13 stations, consisted of velocity-type and accelerometer. In and around the Korean Peninsula, 27 intraplate earthquake mechanisms since 1936 were analyzed to understand the regional stress orientation and tectonics. These earthquakes are largest ones in this century and may represent the characteristics of earthquake in this region. Focal mechanism of these earthquakes show predominant strike-slip faulting with small amount of thrust components. The average P-axis is almost horizontal ENE-WSW. In north-eastern China, strike-slip faulting is dominant and nearly horizontal average P-axis in ENE-WSW is very similar with the Korean Peninsula. On the other hand, in the eastern part of East Sea, thrust faulting is dominant and average P-axis is horizontal with ESE-WNW. This indicate that not only the subducting Pacific Plate in east but also the indenting Indian Plate controls earthquake mechanism in the far east of the Eurasian Plate. Crustal velocity model is very important to determine the hypocenters of the local earthquakes. But the crust model in and around Korean Peninsula is not clear till now, because the sufficient seismic data could not accumulated. To solve this problem, reflection and refraction seismic survey and seismic wave analysis method were simultaneously applied to two long cross-section traversing the southern Korean Peninsula since 2002. This survey should be continuously conducted.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.195-209
• /
• 2016

The understanding of geometric complexity of strike-slip Fault system can be an important factor to control fault reactivation and surface rupture propagation under the regional stress regime. The Kumamoto earthquake was caused by dextral reactivation of the Futagawa-Hinagu Fault system under the E-W maximum horizontal principal stress. The earthquakes are a set of earthquakes, including a foreshock earthquake with a magnitude 6.2 at the northern tip of the Hinagu Fault on April 14, 2016 and a magnitude 7.0 mainshock which generated at the intersection of the two faults on April 16, 2016. The hypocenters of the main shock and aftershocks have moved toward NE direction along the Futagawa Fault and terminated at Mt. Aso area. The intersection of the two faults has a similar configuration of ${\lambda}$-fault. The geometries and kinematics, of these faults were comparable to the Yansan-Ulsan Fault system in SE Korea. But slip rate is little different. The results of age dating show that the Quaternary faults distributed along the northern segment of the Yangsan Fault and the Ulsan Fault are younger than those along the southern segment of the Yansan Fault. This result is well consistent with the previous study with Column stress model. Thus, the seismic activity along the middle and northern segment of the Yangsan Fault and the Ulsan Fault might be relatively active compared with that of the southern segment of the Yangsan Fault. Therefore, more detailed seismic hazard and paleoseismic studies should be carried out in this area.