• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1997

In this study, centrifugal model tests were performed to investigate the behavior of excavated earth retaining wall with the depth of excavation and different types of wall(aluminum, steel panel). Jumunjin standard sand was used for foundation soil. The raining method was adopted to form the required relative density of the model ground. The lateral earth pressure measured from tests were compared with estimated active earth pressure by Rankine's theory. The test results have shown that the earth pressure acting on the retaining wall and the rotation displacement of the wall are influenced by the depth of excavation and the type of wall. It was found from the test results that the deformation of the wall increases with the depth of excavation.

• 지질공학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2008

붕적층에 시공되는 터널의 시 종점부 갱문은 흙막이가시설이 필요하다. 대규모의 붕적층은 굴착지반의 안정성에 문제를 야기 시킬 수 있다. 붕적층에서 굴착은 사질토에서 굴착과는 다른 거동특성을 보이며, 사질토지반에 비해 불안정한 요소를 가지고 있어 이에 대한 대처방안이 필요하다. 그러나 붕적토에 시공되는 흙막이구조물의 거동특성에 대한 연구는 미진한 상태이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 붕적층에 터널갱구부가 위치한 굴착현장으로부터 계측자료를 수집하여 흙막이 구조물의 안정성을 판단할 수 있는 정량적인 기준을 마련하고자 한다. 그리고 계측자료를 활용하여 이론토압과 경험토압을 비교 분석한 후 흙막이벽체에 작용하는 측방토압분포를 제한하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2023

Taking a subway shield tunnel in a certain section of Zhengzhou Metro Line 5 as an example, the field tests of shield cutting cement-soil monopile composite foundation were carried out. The load and internal force of the tunnel lining under the action of composite foundation were tested on-site and the distribution characteristics and variation laws of earth pressure around the tunnel under the load holding state of the composite foundation were analyzed. Five different load combinations (i.e., overburden load theory + q₀, Terzaghi's theory + q₀, Bierbaumer's theory + q₀, Xie's theory + q₀, and the proposed method (the combination of compound weight method and Terzaghi's theory) + q₀) were used to calculate the internal force of the tunnel structure and the obtained results were compared with the measured internal force results. The action mode of earth pressure on the tunnel lining structure was evaluated. Research results show that the earth pressure obtained by the calculation method proposed in this paper was more consistent with the measured value and the deviation between the two was within 5%. The distribution of the calculated internal force of the tunnel structure was more in line with the distribution law of field test data and the deviation between the calculated and measured values was small. This effectively verified the rationality and applicability of the proposed calculation method. Research results provided references for the design and evaluation of shield tunnels under the action of composite foundations.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1038-1045
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• 2006

The Green Wall is highest eco-system among a segmental retaining wall systems. Recently, the demand of high segmental retaining wall (SRW) is increased in domestic. The soil nailing system is applied in order to maintain the high SRW stability for steeper slope. However, the proper design approach that can consider the earth pressure reduction effects in soil nailing system has not been proposed. This study was performed to introduce the design case by 'Two-Body Translation mechanism' to be able to consider distribution of earth pressure in the soil nailing when designing the green wall using soil nailing system. Also, this study attempts to evaluate the earth pressure change when advanced soil nailing system is constructed using $FLAC^{2D}$ ver. 3.30 program and 'Two-Body Translation mechanism'. Also in this study, various parametric studies using numerical methods as shear strength reduction (SSR) technique and limit equilibrium technique were carried out. In the parametric study, the length ratio and the bond ratio of the soil nailing were changed to identify the earth pressure reduction effect of the retaining wall reinforced by soil nailing.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권1C호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2012

선반식 옹벽에서 선반은 옹벽에 작용하는 전체 수평토압의 크기를 줄여주며, 이로 인해 구조물의 전체적인 안정성이 향상된다. 이 연구에서는 아직 국내에서는 연구가 진행된 바 없는 선반식 옹벽에 작용하는 토압분포를 파악하고 캔틸레버식 옹벽에 작용하는 토압분포와 비교하기 위하여 모형시험을 실시하였다. 또한 흙 종류와 옹벽 배면의 굴착각도를 달리하여, 흙종류와 되메움 조건이 캔틸레버식 옹벽과 선반식 옹벽에 작용하는 토압의 변화에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 모형시험결과 선반의 설치로 인하여 발생하는 선반식 옹벽의 토압감소는 캔틸레버식 옹벽과 비교할 경우에 뚜렷하게 발생하였고, 옹벽에 발생하는 수평변위도 선반식 옹벽이 캔틸레버식 옹벽에 비해서 작게 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 캔틸레버식 옹벽에 비해서 선반식 옹벽의 전도파괴에 대한 안정성이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1993

The Coulomb and Rankine theories have been usually used for design of retaining walls, in which the earth pressures have been assumed as a triangular distribution For the rigid retaining w리1 with inclined bacuace and horizontal surface backfilled by cohesionless soils, the analytical method of earth pressure distribution has been newly suggested by using the concept of the flat arch. The active thrust obtained by this method agrees well with those by the existing theories, except the Rankine solution. The analyzed results show that the height to the center of pressure depends mainly on the inclination of the back wall and the wall friction, instead of 0.33H, where H is the wall height.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.149-156
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• 2002

Field measurements were carried out in this study to investigate the behavior of cut and cover tunnel such as the distribution and the magnitude of the earth pressure during back fill process of the ground material. Three kinds of measuring instruments, such as the earth pressure load cell, the concrete strain gauge and the reinforcing bar meter of embedded type in concrete structure were installed and measured. Earth pressure load cells, installed after construction of the tunnel lining, measure the outside forces acting on the tunnel lining with radial directions. Three load cells were installed at the crown, the right and the left shoulder of the tunnel, respectively. Three sets of reinforcing bar meter were installed in the double reinforcements of the tunnel lining and their locations were the same with the position of the earth pressure load cells. Concrete strain gauge was installed only one site of the upper compressive part at the tunnel crown. Based on the measuring results in the field, the deformation and the earth pressure acting on the tunnel lining were investigated with the back fill process of the ground material. Considerations on the validity of the measuring results were paid. For the analysis of measurements, after dividing back fill process into three steps, various factors which affect on the behavior of tunnel lining were investigated at each step.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2023

To study the influences of tunneling on the earth pressure and ground settlement when the tunnel passes through the adjacent underground retaining structure, 30 two-dimensional model tests were carried out taking into account the ratios of tunnel excavation depth (H) to lateral width (w), excavation width (B), and excavation distance using a custom-made test device and an analogical soil. Tunnel crossing adjacent existing retaining structure (TCE) and tunnel crossing adjacent newly-built retaining structure (TCN) were simulated and the earth pressure variations and ground settlement distribution during excavation were analyzed. For TCE condition, the earth pressure increments, maximum ground settlement and the curvature of the ground settlement curve are negatively related to H/B, but positively related to H/s and H/w. For TCN condition, most trends are consistent with TCE except that the earth pressure increments and the curvature of ground settlement curve are negatively related to H/w. The maximum ground settlement is larger than that observed in tunnel crossing the existing underground structure. This study provides an assessment basis for the design and construction under confined space conditions.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2017

본 연구는 절리가 형성된 암반지층에서 암석종류, 절리경사각, 토압계수 및 지하수조건을 달리할 때 굴착벽체에 발생하는 토압의 크기 및 분포에 대해서 조사하였다. 모형실험(Son and Park, 2014)에 근거하여 확장연구를 수행하였으며, 이 때 암반-구조 상호작용과 암반의 절리특성을 고려하기 위하여 개별요소법을 이용한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구로부터 굴착벽체에 작용하는 토압은 암석종류, 절리경사각 및 토압계수 뿐만 아니라 지하수조건에 의해서 크게 영향을 받는다는 것을 파악하였다. 이와 더불어 본 연구로부터 조사된 토압을 토사지반에 적용되는 Peck의 경험토압과 비교하였으며, 이를 통해 절리형성 암반지층 굴착벽체에 발생하는 토압은 토사지반에서 발생하는 토압과 크게 다를 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2015

유한한 크기의 벽체에 주동변위가 발생하면 배면지반은 3차원 형태의 쐐기가 형성되고 벽체는 3차원 주동토압이 작용하게 된다. 기존 연구에서는 3차원 쐐기형상을 측정하거나 단일파괴체로 가정하여 3차원 주동토압의 합력을 산정하였다. 또한 이들 연구에서는 파괴형상과 3차원 주동토압의 크기 및 산정방법에 따라 서로 다른 결과가 도출되었다. 본 연구에서는 모형실험을 통해 벽체의 크기를 폭(w)과 높이(h) 비인 종횡비(h/w)로 나타내고, 이에 따른 3차원 주동토압의 크기와 분포를 측정하고 기존 3차원 토압연구 결과와 비교하였다. 연구결과 한계상태 벽체변위(s)는 벽체높이(h)의 약 0.12% 크기일 때 발생하였고, 합력의 크기는 Karstedt(1982)와 유사하였다. 벽체의 주동토압분포는 종횡비(h/w)가 1.2이상일 때에는 상부와 하부는 상대적으로 작고, 지표 하부 0.50~0.55h지점에서 가장 큰 포물선 형태로 나타났다. 종횡비(h/w) 0.2~2.7 범위에서 3차원 주동토압의 크기를, 고전토압이론을 이용하여 계산한 2차원 주동토압과 비교하여 종횡비(h/w)에 따른 2차원 토압 대비 3차원 주동토압 감소계수(${\alpha}$)를 구할 수 있는 도표로 제안하였다.