• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2021

High fructose diet is associated with the global metabolic syndrome (MtS) pandemic. MtS develops in early life, depending on prenatal and postnatal nutritional status. We hypothesized that ovariectomy increases the chances of developing MtS in adult offspring following high fructose intake by the mother. Pregnant C57BL/6J mouse dams drank water with or without 20% fructose during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, the pups were fed regular chow. The offspring were evaluated until they were 7 months of age after the mice in each group, both sexes, were gonadectomized at 4 weeks of age. The offspring (both sexes) of the dams who had high fructose intake developed MtS. In the offspring of dams who drank tap water, orchiectomy increased the body weight gain and body fat accumulation, while ovariectomy increased the body fat accumulation as compared to the sham controls. In the offspring of dams with high fructose intake, orchiectomy decreased the body weight gain, body fat accumulation, visceral adiposity, and glucose intolerance, while ovariectomy exacerbated all of them as compared to the sham operations. These data indicate that ovariectomy encourages the development of MtS in adult offspring after maternal high fructose intake, while orchiectomy prevents the development of MtS. The sex difference indicates that male and female sex hormones play contradictory roles in the development of MtS.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2010

This study aims to reveal how EA affects BAX and NF-kB involved in cell deaths from global ischemia, and to do this, observes the changes of BAX and NF-kB caused by EA application after transient global ischemia. The experimental method is to give rise to global ischemia and apply EA to 27 SD rats with the particulars of being six-week-old, male, around-300 gram-weighing, and adapted to laboratory environment for more than a week, and divide them into three groups, that is, GV20 EA group(n=9), L14 EA group(n=9), no-treatment GI group(n=9), and then observe their changes of BAX and NF-kB at the time lapse of 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours after ischemia, using western blotting. The numerical decrease of BAX expression at the time lapse of 9 hours after EA application, though not statistically significant, was observed in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, and the NF-kB expression appeared statistically significant decrease in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, but the expression was higher in the group with EA application. Therefore, EA application at the early phase of global ischemia is considered to affect BAX and NF-kB and play a positive role in decreasing apoptosis and cell deaths by inflammation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.3 s.136
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• pp.201-209
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• 2004

Overwintering ecology of the peach pyralid moth, Dichocrosis punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied in laboratory and in a chestnut orchard in 2001/2002 winter and 2003 spring. All twenty-four female and fourteen male moths were fruit-feeding type which were emerged from the larvae collected at the same chestnut orchard in 2003 winter. Periodical thermal treatment of overwintering larvae at $25^{\circ}C$ revealed that diapause termination of the larval population started from the end of January and was completed until April 20 in southern region of Korea. Pupation of diapause-terminated larvae started from early May and reached to $100\%$ at June 3 in chestnut orchard. Days to pupation of female larvae after diapause termination were 12.5, 8.9, and 7.5 at $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Those of male larvae were similar to those of females. Pupal periods of female were 14.7, 11.8, and 9.0 days at the three temperatures. Moths of the overwintered generation emerged from May 20 to June 28, and reached to $50\%$ emergence on June 8 to 9 under emergence cage. Attraction of the male moths of overwintered generation to sex pheromone traps showed that the date of $50\%$ catches to the traps were June 17, when data from 3 southern regions of Korea were pooled.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

Purpose - It is very important to examine customer's behavior about AR shopping either practically or academically. Thus, it will be worthwhile to discuss more in details about AR utility which is even in early stage of distribution industry now. Research design, data, and methodology - This study has designed in consideration of control effects of perceived complexity based on customer's flow as dependent variable, and on AR characteristics and technology readiness as independent variables. Study data has been collected from questionnaires after using AR shopping service directly by those who are 20-30 years old of male and female respondents, which has been analyzed with 167 questionnaires. Hypothesis is verified using by hierarchical regression analysis. Results - After results of hypothesis verified, positive influence has been shown in terms of sensory immersion, manipulation, and optimism, however, it is rejected in relation to navigation and innovativeness. Control effect of perceived complexity has not been appeared. Conclusions - Implications of this study are as follows. First, AR shopping service has to provide an informational value. Second, by providing AR service to customer group, marketing activities will be in effects. Third, recognized complexity is not connected with significant control effect in terms of customer's devotion of service.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1150-1154
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• 1995

Pneumomediastinum[Mediastinal emphysema is characterized by the presence of air in the mediastinum, and classified as spontaneous[occurring without obvious cause or secondary[caused by a trauma or artificial ventilation . To study the clinical evaluation of pneumomediastinum, data were obtained from 20 patients. The incidences of spontaneous pneumomedisastinum were 5 and those of secondary pneumomedistinum were 15 cases. The mean age was 21.2$\pm$3.4 years[$\pm$SD in spontaneous pneumomediastinum and 44.1$\pm$20.0 years[$\pm$SD in secondary pneumomediastinum. There were 16 male and 4 female patients. The common presenting compliants were retrosternal pain in 19 patients[95% , dyspnea in 12[60% , and hoarsness in 2[10% . The predisposing factors were asthma,excessive exercise and vomiting in spontaneous pneumomediastinum;trauma, artificial ventilation, tracheostomy, the rupture of trachea or esophagus in secondary pneumomediastinum. The physical findings were subcutaneous emphysema in 17 patients[85% , Hamman`s sign in 11 patients[55% and decreased cardiac dullness in 2 patients[10% . Spontaneous pneumomediastinums were managed conservatively, however, surigical procedures were needed in secondary pneumomediastinums. There was no recurrence, but one patinet died of tension pneumomedistinum. We concluded that spontaneous pneumomediastinum is uncommon, usually benign, and self-limited and secondary pneumomedistinum due to trauma or artificial ventilation is more increasing, and necessitates the early, aggressive intervention.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of moxibustion treatment for FBSS patients by VAS. Methods : This clinical study was carried out for 51 cases with FBSS, who had been treated from January, 2003 to October, 2005, in oriental medical clinic. The patients were treated by the moxibustion during 8 weeks on the pain region of lower back or legs. We measured the effects of treatment by VAS. SPSS( Statistical Program for Social Science) for Windows was used for statistical analysis and repeated measures ANOVA was performed to gauge the improvement of VAS. Results : 1. We investigated 25 female and 26 male patients. The age distribution was from early 20's to 70's, among which 50's were most common. 2. The worsening factors are usually overwork and heavy lifting, but the main reason is unknown. 3. According to VAS, The patients with FBSS were improved by moxibustion treatment. Conclusion : Through this research, moxibustion therapy is considered to be effective and safe method for FBSS(Failed Back Surgery Syndrome). Moxibustion treatment had some problems that should be overcome such as severe pain and burning. Therefore we should pay more attention.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.687-690
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• 2011

Purpose: Pemphigus vulgaris, a rare autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes remains a challenging disease to treat. Management is focused on immunotherapy against autoimmune antibodies that target keratinocyte cell adhesion molecules, and antibiotics preventing secondary infections. There is no established dressing protocol and skin is usually manipulated the least amount possible in order to minimize irritation. The authors suggest that early initiation of aggressive bathing and debridement of skin lesions, with nutritional support, is essential in accelerating resolution. Methods: A 40 year-old male previously diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris was admitted due to exacerbation of mucocutaneous lesions involving the epidermis and mucosa of the whole body. Steroids, immunosuppressants, intravenous immunoglobulin and antibiotics were administrated, but infection and de-epithelialization progressed, while his general condition deteriorated with a weight loss of over 20 kilograms. The plastic surgery department intervened with daily bathing, debridement of unhealthy debris and non-traumatizing coverage of growing epithelium. Total parenteral nutrition and mobilization with rehabilitation therapy was initiated as early as possible. Results: After bathing, healthy epithelium gradually covered the patient's entire body, while his general condition improved with a corresponding weight gain of 14 kgs. Conclusion: Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris focuses on immunotherapy and infection control. However, an equal amount of attention should be laid on early intervention with daily dressings including bathing and irrigation, nutritional support, and exercise as this accelerates resolution of existing infections, promotes healthy epithelialization and leads to faster recovery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1318-1326
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• 1992

Backgroud. To determine the influence of age at operation upon surgical outcome in patients with isolated secundum atrial septal defect, retrospective clinical analysis was done. Material and method. From June, 1976 to December, 1991, 146 patients, 63 male and 83 female patients ranging in age from 13 months to 56 years, were operated on for isolated secundum atrial septal defect. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their age at operation: Group I [<20 years old], 91 patients[62.3%]; Group II [21 to 40 years old], 44 patients[30.1%]; GroupIII[>41 years old], 11 patients[7.6%]. Significant differences in clinical features, hemodynamic function, early and late results between age groups were speculated. Results. One hundred thirty-one patients[89.6%] were symptomatic at the time of operation, the most common symptoms being dyspnea on exertion, recurrent respiratory infection, palpitation and chest pain. Patients in NYHA class III or IV were 3.3% in group I, 25% in groupIII, and 54.5% in group Ill. Hemodynamic data was available for 138 patients [94.5%]. Significant pulmonary hypertension [MPA systolic pressure $^3$ 40mmHg] was noted in 22 patients [15.9%]. Patients with pulmonary vascular disease [Rp/Rs>1.25] were 2% in group I, 7.3% in group Il, and 9.1% in groupIII. But there were no significant differences between the age groups in the size of the shunt or the ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow. Atrial septal defects were closed with direct suture in 144 patients and patch repair was performed in 2 patients with high defect. Atrial arrhythmia [8.2%] was the most common postoperative complication. The mean [LSD] duration of follow-up in all patients was 16$\pm$22 months [range, 1~96 months]. Functional result was excellent regardless of the age groups. During follow-up period, late cardiovascular events were arrhythmia [7 cases], reoperation for recurrent ASD [2 cases], and premature late death due to bacterial endocarditis [1 case]. Incidence of preoperative and late atrial fibrillation was significantly higher in older age group. Conclusion. Age at operation is one of the most important predictor of early and late surgical outcome with its impact on the following factors : 1] hemodynamic alterations and ventricular dysfunction due to longstanding volume and pressure overload, 2] pulmonary vascular disease, and 3] atrial arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation as a result of atrial dilatation. Therefore, among patients with surgically repaired atrial septal defects, those operated on over the age of 20 require careful supervision on the long-term basis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.18 no.1 s.25
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• pp.105-112
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• 1988

To predict duration of orthodontic treatment of malocclusion, 304 male and female patients whose orthodontic treatment was finished in department of orthodontics, Infirmary of dental college, Chosun University were studied. The duration of treatment was studied according to types of malocclusion, beginning ages of treatment, Hellman's dental ages, the determination of tooth extraction, types of tooth extraction and types of orthodontic appliance. The following results were obtained. 1. The duration of treatment was 18 months in Class I malocclusion, 20 months in Class II malocclusion and 24 months in Class III malocclusion. 2. The more early treatment was done, the more duration of treatment was needed according to beginning age of treatment and Hellman's dental ages. 3. Treatment of tooth extraction case was needed for 78 days more than that of non-extraction case. 4. The duration of treatment with unilateral extraction of premolars was the shortest (598 days) and that with single arch extraction of premolars was the longest (685 days) according to types of tooth extraction. 5. The duration of treatment by removable appliance was the shortest (237 days) and the combination of removable appliance, headgear and full banded appliance was the longest (1425 days) according to types of orthodontic appliance. 6. The duration of treatment was 18 months in typical orthodontic treatment with 4 extraction of premolar and full banded appliance.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.374-383
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the depressive mood experience in university students by gender. Methods: This study is a descriptive survey that conducted a secondary analysis using data from the 2020 Community Health Survey, which is conducted annually in Korea. The study targets 8,928 college students, 4,682 male students and 4,246 female students. Data analysis was conducted after creating a composite sample plan file that reflected layering variables, colony variables, and weights. Results: Factors affecting the depressive mood experience of both males and females were household income, smoking, subjective stress levels, changes in drinking and smoking, and the number of encounters caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Factors influencing the depressive mood experience of females were the presence of breakfast, changes in physical activity due to COVID-19, and the presence of helpers in self-quarantine due to COVID-19 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Psychological counseling programs should be promoted to actively utilize mental health in those in their 20s and 30s. Universities also need to detect depressed students early through screening and perform timely and appropriate interventions.