• 제목/요약/키워드: EU Reach

검색결과 50건 처리시간 0.026초

지모의 collagen 유발 관절염에 대한 소염 효과 - DBA/1J mouse 에서의 병태 관찰 및 RAW264.7에서의 cytokine 분비측정 - (Anti-inflammatory Effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma on Collagen Induced Arthritis - a Model for Rheumatoid Rrthritis in DBA/1J Mice and Cytokine Production in Raw264.7 Cells)

  • 정근기;강희;명유진;심범상;김성훈;최승훈;안규석
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.1416-1422
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    • 2008
  • In order to examine anti-inflammatory effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) alcohol extract on rheumatoid arthritis, the present study investigated the viability and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in Raw264.7 cells treated with AR and collagen induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice which were orally administered with AR prior to immunization. The results are as follows: AR extract at 20 and 50${\mu}g$/ml inhibited the viability of Raw264.7 by 35% and 79%, respectively. AR showed a significant decrease in TNF-${\alpha}$ levels from Raw264.7 cells treated with LPS. AR administration significantly decreased arthritic index in DBA/1J mice immunized with bovine collagen type II. AR administration significantly decreased spleen weights obtained from mice in 6 weeks after immunization. AR administration significantly decreased serum anti-type II collagen antibody levels compared with control group. AR administration decreased serum IL-6 levels compared with control group but it did not reach statistical significance.

공산품 함유 PAHs 분석법에 관한 연구 (Study on analysis of PAHs in consumer products)

  • 송문환;조영달;최은경
    • 분석과학
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.201-212
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    • 2014
  • 발암성 및 잔류성을 갖는 다환방향족탄화수소(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 이하 PAHs)의 법적인 규제가 공산품 함유에로 확장된 현황에서, 본 연구에서는 속슬렛 추출에 의한 전처리 및 GC-MS 분석에 의한 공산품에 함유된 18종 PAHs의 정량 분석법을 확립하고 공산품 4종에서의 18종 PAHs 함유 여부를 분석하였다. GC-MS SIM 크로마토그램의 머무름 시간 및 피크 면적의 정밀도는 각 0.00%~0.05% 및 1.16%~3.69%의 RSD로 측정되었고 각 PAH의 농도 범위 0.3125 mg/L~5.00 mg/L에서 얻은 검정곡선은 상관계수 $R^2$값이 18종 모두 0.999 이상으로 산출되었다. 본 검정곡선을 이용한 18 종 PAHs의 GC-MS 기기분석의 정량 한계는 0.327 mg/L (Benzo[ghi]perylene)~0.464 mg/L (Acenaphthylene)로 산출되었다. 스파이킹에 의한 18종 PAHs의 속슬렛 추출에 의한 회수율은 DCM, 헥세인, 혹은 톨루엔 사용 시 모두 95%~105%로 측정되었고, 이상의 조건에서 국내에서 유통되는 공산품 4종에서 18종 PAHs를 분석한 결과, 3개 시료에서는 Phenanthrene이 정량한계 근방의 소량으로 검출되었고, 망치(손잡이 부분) 시료에서는 Phenanthrene을 비롯한 15종 PAHs가 최대 83.4 mg/kg~최소 8.5 mg/kg 범위로 검출되었다.

인터넷을 이용한 국내외 생태위해성평가 교육 현황 파악 (An Internet Search on the Status of Global Training on Ecological Risk Assessment)

  • 김용화;정규혁;최진희;안광국;강소영;박연정;김현맥;류지성;윤준헌;최경희
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.271-286
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    • 2009
  • This internet search was made to collect background information for a short-term training proposal for securing a national critical mass in ecological risk assessment the need of which is drastically increasing in every sector of Korean society due to the advent of new environmental regulations in industrialized countries, such as EU REACH. This study depended mainly on internet search engines and individual home pages of concerned universities, colleges, and organizations involved in short-term training. Out of lecture titles and syllabus of 200 Korean universities, 86 Japanese national universities, and numerous English speaking educational and training institutions in the world, 60 syllabi were selected and analysed for comparison purpose. Conclusion from the analysis is as follows: Firstly, individual component lectures for ecological risk assessment is provided at different departments in Korea, but no lecture is at present given under the sole title of ecological risk assessment. Secondly, several lectures under the title of ecological risk assessment are open in English-speaking industrialized countries. Lectures as well as technical training and field studies are emphasized in those courses. Lecturers from the regulatory authorities are also involved in those courses. Several short-term training courses are also under operation. Thirdly, it was concluded that the difference in the level of education/training in ecological risk assessment is originated from the substantive requirement of ecological risk in the concerned laws and regulations. Therefore, it is suggested that training of domestic man power in this area is urgent to cope with the industrial pressure imposed by the environmental regulations concerned with chemicals/articles import and export from/to industrialized countries and also to upgrade the domestic laws and regulations.

수생태계 현황 조사 및 건강성 평가결과를 활용한 수생태계 훼손원인 진단체계 구축 (Establishing Diagnosis Systems for Impaired Stream Ecosystem using Stream/River Ecosystem Survey and Health Assessment)

  • 이종원;이상우;황순진;장민호;원두희;안경진;박혜진;이정아
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제53권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 훼손된 하천 수생태계의 훼손원인을 식별하고 그 전이 과정을 규명하기 위해 수생태계 훼손원인 진단체계를 구축하고 정책적 활용 가능성을 보고자 하였다. 수생태계 현황 조사 및 건강성 평가결과는 하천의 훼손에 대한 전반적인 상황을 알 수 있어 하천 복원 및 관리의 판단 근거로 사용된다. 그러나 하천이 훼손된 원인이나 훼손이 발생하게 된 전이 과정을 고려하지 못한다는 한계를 가진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 과학적이고 체계적인 진단체계를 제안하여 훼손원인과 그 전이 과정을 규명하였다. 미국, 호주, 유럽의 사례를 분석하여 우리나라에 맞는 진단체계를 제안하였다. 총 8단계로 구성되며, 기초자료 조사, 하천 수생태계 훼손 판단, 훼손 구간 설정, 훼손 유형화 및 잠재적 훼손원인 도출, 본 조사, 주훼손원인 진단 및 최적 훼손 모델 도출, 종합분석 및 하천 복원방안으로 이루어져 있다. 이러한 진단체계는 하천 생태계의 복잡하고 다양한 특성을 고려하여 훼손원인을 파악할 수 있으며 하천 복원 및 관리 방안을 제시하여 효율적인 의사결정을 지원할 수 있다.

환경부의 화학물질관리법, 화학물질등록 및 평가에 관한 법률, 고용노동부의 산업안전보건법의 화학물질 관련 내용 비교 (Comparison between the Chemical Management Contents of Laws Pertaining to the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of the Employment and Labor)

  • 윤충식;함승헌;박지훈;김선주;이상아;이권섭;박동욱
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제40권5호
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    • pp.331-345
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: The exponential growth of chemicals, an area of high concern in developed countries like the US (i.e., the Gore Initiative) and in the EU (i.e., REACH), as well as recent chemical accidents in Korea, have provoked nationwide concerns and resultant legal enforcement. This study aims to compare the laws of the Ministry of Environment (the Chemical Substances Control Act (CSCA), Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances (ARECS)) with those of the Ministry of the Employment and Labor (Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)). Methods: Each law pertaining to the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of the Employment and Labor was downloaded from the official legal information system (www.law.go.kr). The objectives of each law and the major contents related to chemical management were compared and summarized. Results: The CSCA and the ARECS are focused on the protection of people and the environment, while the OSHA relates to the protection of workers. The right to know of people and workers has been reinforced. The former two laws emphasize prevention, but the OSHA contains both preventive and post-accident measures. The role of the Ministry of Employment was reinforced with the promulgation of the CSCA and ARECS, which contain regulations such as adjacent area impact evaluation, risk control planning, chemical statistical survey and construction and operation of information, provision of risk control plans, response to chemical accidents and registration of chemical substances. Conclusion: We found that the three laws discussed here have several similar clauses designed to protect people and the environment from risks that may be caused by the use of chemicals, even though there are some differences among them in terms of objectives and contents. This review concluded that several clauses that can be regarded as double regulation should be unified in order to minimize the waste of government administrative resources and socio-economic losses.

화평법에 따른 급성 수생독성 예측을 위한 QSAR 모델의 활용 가능성 연구 (Applicability of QSAR Models for Acute Aquatic Toxicity under the Act on Registration, Evaluation, etc. of Chemicals in the Republic of Korea)

  • 강동진;장석원;이시원;이재현;이상희;김필제;정현미;성창호
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 2022
  • Background: A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was adopted in the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH, EU) regulations as well as the Act on Registration, Evaluation, etc. of Chemicals (AREC, Republic of Korea). It has been previously used in the registration of chemicals. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the correlation between the predicted data provided by three prediction programs using a QSAR model and actual experimental results (acute fish, daphnia magna toxicity). Through this approach, we aimed to effectively conjecture on the performance and determine the most applicable programs when designating toxic substances through the AREC. Methods: Chemicals that had been registered and evaluated in the Toxic Chemicals Control Act (TCCA, Republic of Korea) were selected for this study. Two prediction programs developed and operated by the U.S. EPA - the Ecological Structure-Activity Relationship (ECOSAR) and Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) models - were utilized along with the TOPKAT (Toxicity Prediction by Komputer Assisted Technology) commercial program. The applicability of these three programs was evaluated according to three parameters: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: The prediction analysis on fish and daphnia magna in the three programs showed that the TOPKAT program had better sensitivity than the others. Conclusions: Although the predictive performance of the TOPKAT program when using a single predictive program was found to perform well in toxic substance designation, using a single program involves many restrictions. It is necessary to validate the reliability of predictions by utilizing multiple methods when applying the prediction program to the regulation of chemicals.

한국의 그린 비즈니스/IT 실태분석을 통한 추진전략 우선순위 도출에 관한 연구 (Development of Korean Green Business/IT Strategies Based on Priority Analysis)

  • 김재경;최주철;최일영
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.191-204
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    • 2010
  • Recently, the CO2 emission and energy consumption have become critical global issues to decide the future of nations. Especially, the spread of IT products and the increased use of internet and web applications result in the energy consumption and CO2 emission of IT industry though information technologies drive global economic growth. EU, the United States, Japan and other developed countries are using IT related environmental regulations such as WEEE(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), RoHS(Restriction of the use of Certain Hazardous Substance), REACH(Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of CHemicals) and EuP(Energy using Product), and have established systematic green business/IT strategies to enhance the competitiveness of IT industry. For example, the Japan government proposed the "Green IT initiative" for being compatible with economic growth and environmental protection. Not only energy saving technologies but energy saving systems have been developed for accomplishing sustainable development. Korea's CO2 emission and energy consumption continuously have grown at comparatively high rates. They are related to its industrial structure depending on high energy-consuming industries such as iron and steel Industry, automotive industry, shipbuilding industry, semiconductor industry, and so on. In particular, export proportion of IT manufacturing is quite high in Korea. For example, the global market share of the semiconductor such as DRAM was about 80% in 2008. Accordingly, Korea needs to establish a systematic strategy to respond to the global environmental regulations and to maintain competitiveness in the IT industry. However, green competitiveness of Korea ranked 11th among 15 major countries and R&D budget for green technology is not large enough to develop energy-saving technologies for infrastructure and value chain of low-carbon society though that grows at high rates. Moreover, there are no concrete action plans in Korea. This research aims to deduce the priorities of the Korean green business/IT strategies to use multi attribute weighted average method. We selected a panel of 19 experts who work at the green business related firms such as HP, IBM, Fujitsu and so on, and selected six assessment indices such as the urgency of the technology development, the technology gap between Korea and the developed countries, the effect of import substitution, the spillover effect of technology, the market growth, and the export potential of the package or stand-alone products by existing literature review. We submitted questionnaires at approximately weekly intervals to them for priorities of the green business/IT strategies. The strategies broadly classify as follows. The first strategy which consists of the green business/IT policy and standardization, process and performance management and IT industry and legislative alignment relates to government's role in the green economy. The second strategy relates to IT to support environment sustainability such as the travel and ways of working management, printer output and recycling, intelligent building, printer rationalization and collaboration and connectivity. The last strategy relates to green IT systems, services and usage such as the data center consolidation and energy management, hardware recycle decommission, server and storage virtualization, device power management, and service supplier management. All the questionnaires were assessed via a five-point Likert scale ranging from "very little" to "very large." Our findings show that the IT to support environment sustainability is prior to the other strategies. In detail, the green business /IT policy and standardization is the most important in the government's role. The strategies of intelligent building and the travel and ways of working management are prior to the others for supporting environment sustainability. Finally, the strategies for the data center consolidation and energy management and server and storage virtualization have the huge influence for green IT systems, services and usage This research results the following implications. The amount of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of IT equipment including electrical business equipment will need to be clearly indicated in order to manage the effect of green business/IT strategy. And it is necessary to develop tools that measure the performance of green business/IT by each step. Additionally, intelligent building could grow up in energy-saving, growth of low carbon and related industries together. It is necessary to expand the affect of virtualization though adjusting and controlling the relationship between the management teams.

상류부문 탄소세 도입의 경제적·환경적 효과 분석: 철강산업을 중심으로 (Analysis of the Economic and Environmental Effects of Upstream Carbon Tax: Focusing on the Steel Industry)

  • 김동구;손인성
    • 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.47-75
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    • 2023
  • 탄소국경조정제도(CBAM)를 입법 추진하는 EU에 비해, 미국의 탄소국경조정 정책화 관련 움직임은 아직 상대적으로 더디다. 그러나 최근에는 미국에서도 관련 법안이 제안되고 있고 연구기관을 중심으로 배출권거래제가 아니라 상류부문 탄소세를 도입하고 이에 기반한 탄소국경조정을 실시하는 방안에 대한 연구결과가 제시되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 형태의 상류부문 탄소세와 탄소국경조정을 국내에 도입했을 경우에 경제적·환경적 효과가 어떠할지에 대해서 살펴보았다. CO2톤당 3만 원의 상류부문 탄소세가 국내 화석에너지 순 공급량에 적용될 경우, 예상 탄소세 수익은 약 22조 9,961억 원으로 2019년도 우리 정부의 총 세입 402조 원의 약 5.7%에 해당하는 수준이었다. 또한, 한국에서 온실가스 배출량이 가장 많으며 해외 수출물량도 적지 않은 철강부문의 에너지 수급현황을 토대로 산정한 철강부문의 이산화탄소 내재량은 1억 622만 톤CO2이었다. 이 이산화탄소 내재량에 톤당 3만 원의 상류부문 탄소세가 그대로 철강부문의 생산원가에 전가되었다고 가정할 경우, 철강부문의 탄소세 부담은 약 3조 1,865억 원에 달할 것으로 추산되었다. 철강제품의 수출비중을 이용해 추산한 수출환급금 1조 1,599억 원을 공제하더라도 내수용 철강재에 대한 탄소세 순부담은 2조 266억 원에 달해 철강재의 가격상승요인으로 작용할 것으로 분석된다.

PCBs 독성 예측을 위한 주요 분자표현자 선택 기법 및 계산독성학 기반 QSAR 모델 개발 (Development of QSAR Model Based on the Key Molecular Descriptors Selection and Computational Toxicology for Prediction of Toxicity of PCBs)

  • 김동우;이승철;김민정;이은지;유창규
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제54권5호
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    • pp.621-629
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    • 2016
  • EU의 REACH 제도 도입에 따라 각종 화학물질에 대한 독성 및 활성 정보 확보를 위해 화학물질의 분자구조 정보를 기반으로 화학물질의 독성 및 활성을 예측하는 정량적구조활성관계(QSAR)에 대한 연구가 최근 활발히 진행되고 있다. QSAR 모델에 사용되는 분자표현자는 매우 다양하기 때문에 화학물질의 물성 및 활성을 잘 표현할 수 있는 주요한 분자표현자를 선택하는 과정은 QSAR 모델 개발에 있어 중요한 부분이다. 본 연구에서는 화학물질의 분자구조 정보를 나타내는 주요 분자표현자의 통계적 선택 방법과 부분최소자승법(Partial least square: PLS) 기반의 새로운 QSAR 모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 QSAR 모델은 130종의 폴리염화바이페닐(Polychlorinated biphenyl: PCB)에 대한 분배계수(log P)와 14종의 PCBs에 대한 반수 치사 농도(Lethal concentration 50%: $LC_{50}$) 예측에 사용되고, 제안된 QSAR 모델 예측 정확도는 기존의 OECD QSAR Toolbox에서 제공하는 QSAR 모델과 비교하였다. 관심 화학물질의 분자표현자와 활성정보 간의 높은 상관관계를 갖는 주요 분자표현자를 선별하기 위해서, 상관계수(r)와 variable importance on projections (VIP)기법을 적용하였으며, 화학물질의 독성 및 활성정보를 예측하기 위해 선별된 분자표현자와 활성정보를 이용해 부분최소자승법(PLS)를 사용하였다. 회귀계수($R^2$)와 prediction residual error sum of square (PRESS)을 이용한 성능평가결과, 제안된 QSAR 모델은 OECD QSAR Toolbox의 QSAR 모델보다 PCBs의 log P와 $LC_{50}$에 대하여 각각 26%, 91% 향상된 예측력을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 제안된 계산독성학 기반의 QSAR 모델은 화학물질의 독성 및 활성정보에 대한 예측력을 향상시킬 수 있고 이러한 방법은 유독 화학물질의 인체 및 환경 위해성 평가에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

공산품 중 프탈레이트류 함유량 분석법에 관한 국내외 표준의 검증 연구 (Study on verification of various national standards regarding phthalate testing in industrial products)

  • 송문환;조영달;최은경;명영찬
    • 분석과학
    • /
    • 제25권3호
    • /
    • pp.178-189
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    • 2012
  • 생식독성 및 내분비계 장애물질로 분류되는 프탈레이트가 근자에 유럽 신화학물질관리제도(REACH)의 허가대상 고위험성 물질(SVHC) 목록 및 유럽의 전기전자제품에 함유된 유해물질 규제인 RoHS II의 최우선 고려 물질 등으로 규제가 강화되면서 IEC TC 111에서 분석법 표준화가 진행되고 있으며 KS 개정도 이루어지고 있다. 본 고에서는 프탈레이트 분석법의 KS 개정 및 한국 NC에서 제안하여 진행되고 있는 IEC 62321에 프탈레이트 분석법을 추가함에 있어 기술적 자료로 사용될 수 있도록 현존하는 국가별 표준의 용매 추출 전처리를 비교 및 검증해 보았다. PVC (polyvinyl chloride)에서의 DEHP (diethylhexyl phthalate)의 추출 효율은 메탄올, 톨루엔, 디클로로메테인. 헥세인 순으로 46.9%에서 95.3%까지 증가하였다. DBP (dibutyl phthalate), BBP (butylbenzyl phthalate) 및 DEHP의 속슬렛을 사용한 추출 시간은 6시간이 최적임이 입증되었고, PVC, nitro cellulose, ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), and EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber 등의 매트리스로부터의 추출 효율도 90%~99%로 측정되었다. 용매추출에 이은 GC-MS 분석법의 검출한계는 용액 및 고분자 샘플에서 각각 0.08 ~0.3 ${\mu}g/mL$ 및 8~30 mg/kg으로 산출되었다. 공산품에서 프탈레이트를 분석하는 국가표준에서 용매 추출 전처리를 사용하는 EN 14372, ASTM D 7083, 일본 후생노동성 시험법(MHLW 0906-4) 및 KS M 1991을 비교한 결과 4개 국가별 표준 모두 98%~99%의 추출효율을 가짐이 검증되었다. 또한, 국내에서 유통되는 어린이 장난감, 전기 코드, 매니큐어의 공산품 3종에서 프탈레이트 함유 여부를 분석한 결과 DBP 및 DEHP가 22~1,910 mg/kg 범위로 검출되었다.