• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2007

The Korean traditional 'Ondol' system has been a target for innovation to meet the requirements of sustainable domestic building and low carbon emission energy utilization. Simulation techniques provide designers and researchers with powerful tools to predict heating load and thermal behaviour of Ondol systems installed in various contexts. However, there are few studies on Ondol models, especially associated with multi-stories buildings of which type covers about 50% of Korean housing stock. In this study, we analyzed the double floor Ondol system on the multi-stories buildings using the ESP-r program. On the basis of the double floor Ondol system, we suggested the new modelling method that is composed of the Vent zone and Ondol zone. Using the this model, sensitivity analysis was carried out to refine the applicability of the model taking account of control conditions, constructions, air change and air flow network method and CFD analysis using the FLUENT. The air layer has enough temperature to use in heating zone. It is suggested that the simplicity of the model will allow building designers and mechanical engineers easily to implement scenario-based assessments of design options as well as control strategies. Later, we will simulate the real buildings and analyze the air distributions using the Fluent according to the various conditions.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.518-527
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• 2017

The development of renewable energy is currently strongly required to address environmental problems such as global warming. In particular, biomass is highlighted due to its advantages. When using biomass as an energy source, the conversion process is essential. Fast pyrolysis, which is a thermochemical conversion method, is a known method of producing bio-oil. Therefore, various studies were conducted with fast pyrolysis. Most studies were conducted under a lab-scale process. Hence, scaling up is required for commercialization. However, it is difficult to find studies that address the process analysis, even though this is essential for developing a scaled-up plant. Hence, the present study carries out the process analysis of biomass pyrolysis. The fast pyrolysis system includes a biomass feeder, fast pyrolyzer, cyclone, condenser, and electrostatic precipitator (ESP). A two-stage, semi-global reaction mechanism was applied to simulate the fast pyrolysis reaction and a circulating fluidized bed reactor was selected as the fast pyrolyzer. All the equipment in the process was modeled based on heat and mass balance equations. In this study, process analysis was conducted with various reaction temperatures and residence times. The two-stage, semi-global reaction mechanism for circulating fluidized-bed reactor can be applied to simulate a scaled-up plant.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2024

IPsec VPN에 대한 보안 감사는 구현 결함이나 설정 오류로 인한 취약점을 점검하고 사고 발생에 대한 조사 등을 위해 매우 중요하다. 하지만 IPsec VPN은 기밀성, 무결성, 인증 등을 보장하기 위해 네트워크 콘텐츠가 암호화 되어 있어 보안 감사에 큰 어려움이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 중간자 공격 방식을 이용한 분석 기법들이 이전 연구들에서 제안되었다. 중간자 공격 기법을 적용하기 위해서는 상호 인증을 위한 사전 공유키를 알고 있어야 하며, 네트워크에 직접 참여해야 한다. 이는 보안 감사를 위해 일시적으로 네트워크 단절을 유발하며, 감사 이전에 수집된 데이터에 대한 분석이 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크 연속성을 보장하며, 특정 IPsec VPN 연결 방식과 인증 방식에 한정되지 않는 새로운 분석 기법을 제안한다. 따라서, 제안하는 분석 기법은 IPsec VPN 보안 감사를 위해 실제적으로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2012

Diverse geostatistical tools such as kriging have been used to estimate the volume and spatial coverage of contaminated soil needed for remediation. However, many approaches frequently yield estimation errors, due to inherent geostatistical uncertainties. Such errors may yield over- or under-estimation of the amounts of polluted soils, which cause an over-estimation of remediation cost as well as an incomplete clean-up of a contaminated land. Therefore, it is very important to use a better estimation tool considering uncertainties arising from incomplete field investigation (i.e., contamination survey) and mathematical spatial estimation. In the current work, as better estimation tools we propose stochastic simulation approaches which allow the remediation volume to be assessed more accurately along with uncertainty estimation. To test the efficiency of proposed methods, heavy metals (esp., Pb) contaminated soil of a shooting range area was selected. In addition, we suggest a quantitative method to delineate the confident interval of estimated volume (and spatial extent) of polluted soil based on the spatial aspect of uncertainty. The methods proposed in this work can improve a better decision making on soil remediation.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.17-35
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• 2007

Objectives : To consider same or not the positions of acupoints on the meridian in the old acupuncture books. Methods: On the basis of old acu-books, We count the number of acupoints that are on pulse. Thru the three books-"Yijongkumkam(醫宗金鑑)","Chimkuhak 1st(鍼灸學-上)", Kyunghyulhakchongseo(經穴學叢書)"-We Compared the way of positioning of acupoints, also did on the location of acupoints, vein, vascular system, around the acupoints, based on the anatomical structures(esp. artery) Results : On the basis of old acu-books, the number of acupoints(only in the twelve meridian) on the pulse is 35, and the number of points not in the old books but on the pulse is 6, sum is 41 points. Comparion from Sambukuhu consultation method(三部九候診法) in "Somun(素問)", Some points, Taeyang(太陽, not in the twelve meridian), Yimun(耳門) and Koryo(Yimun and Koryo are in) are on pulse. Like Chonbu(天府) and Hyupbaek(俠白), We can feel the pulse on ulna side of biceps muscle, noton radial side. Shikdu(食竇) was described as on pulse in the "Chimkushimbopyokyul(鍼灸心法要訣)", but we could hardly feel it. Conclusions : It'll be right to add the Yimun(耳門) and Koryo to the points on pulse, of course two points are not in the twelve meridian. We must take the points Chonbu(天府) and Hyupbaek(俠白), on ulna side of biceps muscle. Shikdu(食竇) must be excepted, because we cannot feel the pulse in consultation.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.226-230
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• 2010

Calculation of partial charge is important in chemistry. However, because there are many methods developed, it is of considerable interest to know how to calculate and apply properly to address various chemical problems. For basis set, usually double zeta quality is acceptable, and double zeta polarization function would be enough for most cases. To describe electronic state more accurately, Many electron configurations would be necessary to describe highly strained or anionic species. The NPA population introduced new concept about amide bonds, i.e., the planar geometry of nitrogen atom may not come from resonance, but from the lowering of p-orbital energy by electronegative carbonyl carbon atom. The issues for hypervalent atomic charges was also addressed by various charge derivation scheme. When the charge schemes were applied to organolithium compounds, the ionic nature of boding was revealed. This comes from the fact that previous Mulliken partial atomic charges overemphasized the covalent character, wihout much justification. The other partial charge derivation schemes such as NPA(natural population analysis), IPP (Integrated Projected Population) showed that much more ionic picture. ESP potential derived charges are generally believed to be suitable to describe intermolecular interactions, therefore they are used for molecular dynamics simulations and CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis). The charge derivation schemes using multipole polarization was mainly applied to reproduce experimental infrared spectroscopy. In some reports these schemes are also suitable for intermecular electrostatic interactions. Charges derived from electron density gradient have shown the some bonds are not straight, but actually bent. The proper choice of charge-calculation method along with suitable level of theory and basis set are briefly discussed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.520-530
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• 2006

Undifferentiated mesencymal stem cells(UMSCs) have been thought to be multipotent cells that can replicate as undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate into lineages of mesenchymal tissue including the bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. It can be used to sinus lifting, Guided bone regeneration, other bone graft in dental part. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of mesencymal stem cells on sinus augmentation with autogenous bone, fibrin glue mixture in a rabbit model. 8 New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into 4 groups based on their time of sacrifice(1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks). First, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from iliac crest marrow of rabbits and expanded in vitro. cell culture was performed in accordance with the technique described by Tsutsumi et al. In the present study, The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, and the bone formation ability of each sides was evaluated clinically, radiologically, histologically and histomorphologically. According to the histological observations, Stem cell group showed integrated graft bone with host bone from sinus wall. At 2 and 4weeks, It showed active newly formed bone and neovascularization. At 8 weeks, lamella bone was observed in sinus graft material area. Radiologically, autobone with stem cell showed more radiopaque than autobone without stemcell. there were significant differences in bone volume between 2 and 4 weeks (p<0.05). In summary, the autobone with stem cells had well-formed, newly formed bone and neovasculization, compared with the autobone without stem cells (esp. 2 weeks and 4 weeks) The findings of this experimental study indicate that the use of a mixture of mesenchymal stem cell yielded good results in osteogenesis and bone volume comparable with that achieved by autogenous bone. Therefore, this application of this promising new sinus floor elevation method for implants with tissue engineering technology deserves further study.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.76-88
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• 2001

본 연구는 길이, 질량, 시간, 온도와 같은 일부 기본 물리량에 대한 사람들의 어림의 정확성과 방법에 대해 탐색하였다. 대학 물리교육과의 구성원(학부 1학년부터 교수까지) 중 임의로 선정된 총 40명이 2종류의 대상물 세트에 대해 직관적 어림과 조작적 어림 활동을 수행하였다. 직관적 어림에서는 참여자들이 각 대상물을 직면하자마자 해당 물리량의 값을 어림하였으며, 조작적 어림에서는 별도의 대상물에 대해서 충분한 시간을 두고 다양한 가용한 방법들을 (예컨대, 길이를 어림하기 위해 연필을 활용하거나 시간을 어림하기 위해 맥박을 세거나) 동원하여 어림하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있겠다: (1) 길이, 질량, 온도에 대해서는 직관적 어림이 더 정확하였으나 시간에 대해서는 조작적 어림이 더 정확하였다. (2) 물리학에 대한 경험의 정도와 어림의 정확성 사이에는 정적인 상관관계가 존재하지 않았다. (3)일반적으로 길이에 대한 어림이 가장 정확하였으며 질량에 대한 어림은 가장 부정확하였다. (4) 사람들은 조작적 어림을 위해서 스스로의 다양한 방법을 사용하였는데, 예컨대 대상물 주변의 각종 사물들을 활용하거나 특정한 값을 갖는 마음 속의 측정 단위(즉, 30cm, 50cm, 1kg, 1근, 1초 등)들을 적용하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

인간 간섭에 영향을 크게 받는 인공호소가 대부분인 우리나라의 호소 특성과 보다 나은 생태계 관리 방안을 도출하고자 하는 목적에서 2005년 4개 호소의 이화학적 요인과 담수조류 정량분석에 의거한 기초자료를 바탕으로 통계학적 분석을 시도하였다. Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)를 하구호인 남양호, 삽교호, 아산호 및 북한강 중하류 수계에 연쇄적으로 위치한 댐호 중 하나인 청평호에 적용하였다 그 결과, 청평호는 3개 하구호와 구분되는 특징을 보였으며, 청평호를 제외한 CCA결과, 아산호-삽교호-남양호 간에도 차이를 보여주었다. 담수조류 군집 구성은 제한된 자료량 때문인지 해석이 생태학적 해석에 어려움이 따랐다. 따라서, 보다 지속적이고 심화된 담수조류 연구 및 기타요인의 채집 및 분석이 수행될 필요가 있음이 나타났다. 그러나, 제한된 자료량에도 불구하고, 청평호 및 3개 호소의 큰 두 그룹으로 호소 그룹이 특징지워진 것은 CCA 적용이 유효함을 나타낸 것으로 보인다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2007

본 연구는 기후변화에 따른 수자원 영향평가를 위해 적합한 수문모형을 선택하고 지역기후모형인 SNURCM에서 생성한 모의기상자료로 유출량을 생성하여 모의정확성을 평가하였다. 4개의 월 물수지모형과 두개의 일 유출모형을 이용하여 대청댐 상류유역의 유입량 모의능력을 비교한 결과 abcd모형이 월 물수지모형 중에서는 가장 뛰어났고, 국내에서 널리 사용되고 있는 일 유출모형인 SSARR와 비슷한 모의정확성을 보였다. 다음으로 abcd모형을 금강유역의 12개 소유역에 적용하기 위하여 매개변수 지역화기법을 사용하였다. 9개의 다목적댐에서 구한 매개변수를 미계측유역으로 가정한 4개 다목적댐에 대하여 지역화기법으로 매개변수를 추정하여 유출량을 모의한 결과 모든 지역에서 효율성계수가 최소 87% 이상으로 모의능력이 우수하였다. 마지막으로 금강유역 12개 소유역의 SNURCM모의강수를 실측강수와 비교한 결과 모든 소유역에서의 효율성계수는 60% 이상이었으며, SNURCM 모의강수자료를 abcd모형에 입력하여 생성한 모의유출량을 대청댐 실측유입량과 비교한 결과 효율성계수가 80% 이상으로 기후변화 연구에 활용 가능함을 확인하였다.