• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2000

So far, investigation of environmental pollution has been achieved in field study. This remains the most exhaustive approach, current dimensions of environmental researches and their inherent complexity require that relatively inexpensive and simple laboratory procedures are developed to make possible the screening of large numbers of sites and samples. At this point. microbioassay has been high-lighted. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water pollution using microbioassay. Two microbioassay methods were optimized and validated for the sensitive and quantitative determination of total toxic effects in the water. EROD(Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) microbioassay was focused to detect PARs, PCBs and dioxinlike components in the water and E-screen assay to xenoestrogens. The EROD microbioassay was executed in rat hepatoma cell line, H4IIE and E-screen assay in MCF7-BUS cell line. Kumho river was selected for this study. 5ι of river water was extracted using combined solid-phase extraction in static adsorption mode with soxhlet extraction. Pollutants adsorbed to the XAD-4 resin were recovered by elution with ethyl acetate and methylene chloride (1 : 9). Toxic effects of extracts were determined by EROD-microbioassay and E-screen assay. EROD activities of water samples were 7.24-72.24 ng/ι MEQ. The estrogenic effect of various water samples is quantitatively evaluated by EEQ. The EEQ of samples range from 0.05 to 6.07 ng-EEQ/ι. These results suggested that Kumho river was highly polluted with organic toxic chemicals.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

In this study, the Comet assay (evaluation of DNA damage) used the fish hepatocellular carinoma cell, PLHC-1, was tried to the sediment extract obtained from freshwater to understand its applicability as a tool for monitoring sediment toxicity. In parallel, induced EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin- O-deethylase) activity and DNA damage (TEM values) in PLHC-1 cells were measured for establishing the tandem endpoints of the PLHC-1cell test to test the ecotoxicity of sediment. Among several study sites in a small river passed through downtown and industrial park area, one of them, site B, showed a higher level of EROD activity and DNA damage than other sites. It indicates that a tandem endpoints of PLHC-1 cells could be useful tools for assessing the toxicity of sediment. The sensitivity of Comet assay with PLHC-1 cells was a little higher than that with a blood cell of frog tadpoles to the solvent extract of sediment. According to the results, a PLHC-1 cell-Comet assay could be used as a useful tool for evaluating ecotoxicity of the freshwater sediment. In addition, more detailed studies are needed to the contaminated site.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

Dioxin-like compounds are ubiquitous environmental polltants that could be accumulated in biological system and toxic to human and wildlife. Given this issue, it is important to develop a reliable dioxin detection methods for a rational risk assesment of dioxin-like compounds. In this study, we tried to set up and validate a sensitive, reliable risk assessment of dioxin-like compounds. In this study, we tried to set up and validate a sensitive, reliable and rapid bioassay model, CALUX bioassay as a screening tool for routine measurement of dioxin-like conpounds in environmental matrices. For the valisation of CALUX bioassay, firstly, we performed dose-response assay for 2,3,7,8-TCDD, most potent dioxin-like compound, using two different methods CALUX and EROD assay. Induction of luciferase activity and CYPIA catalyzed EROD activity were dose-dependently induced by 2,3,7,8-TCDD, with initial induction at 0.1 pM and maximal induction at 1 nM. In order t determine whether the CALUX bioassay could predict the effects of dioxin-like compounds, 2,3,7,8-TCDD dose-response from CALUX was compared with that from EROD assay. The correlation coefficient ($r^2$) was found to be 0.89, indicating a good correlation between two different methods and the possibility of CALUX bioassay as a useful dioxin detecting method.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2004

This study was designed to investigate potential endocrine disrupting effects of several industrial wastewater effluents discharged from cosmetic, plaiting, paint, textile industry using EROD bioassay and E-Screen assay. The results of E-screen assay showed that textile industrial wastewater could act as a full agonist and cosmetics and plaiting industrial wastewater could act as a partial agonist. On the contrary, the wastewater discharged from paint industry did not show any estrogenic effect. Estrogenic activity in the effluents of cosmetic and paint industrial wastewater was lower than that in the influents indicating that the wastewater treatment process minimized the effects of discharges on water quality. Despite of these results, it was recognized that wastewater treatment was not always minimize toxic impact. In this study, increased estrogenic effect was observed in the effluents of plating and textile wastewater, and EROD activity was increased in the effluents of cosmetic and plating wastewater.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.4 s.51
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• pp.365-374
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• 2005

Ambient air particulate matters are classified into two distinct modes in sire distribution, namely the coarse and fine particles. Correlation between high particulate concentration and adverse effect on human populations has long been recognized. However, the toxicology of these adverse efforts has not been clarified. We investigated the genotoxic effect of PM 2.5 collected from urban area in Seoul by comet assay (A549 cells), CBMN assay (CHO-K1 cells) and EROD-microbioassay (H4IIE cells). Results from in vitro micronucleus assay and comet assay showed that PM 2.5 samples collected from traffic area, residential area and indoor air induced chromosomal damage and DNA breakage in a non-cytotoxic dose. The complex mixture effect of these PM 2.5 extracts was quantified by EROD-microbioassay in terms of its bio-TEQ (biologiral -TCDD equivalent concentration) which was 70.87$\pm$28.07, 93.55$\pm$21.80 and 14.31 $\pm$ 1.10 ng/g-PM 2.5 in traffic area, residental area and indoor air samples, respectively. Conclusively, we suggested that PM 2.5 collected from traffic area and residential area contains CYPIA inducer and genotoxic materials.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.541-546
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate ecosystem health effect in the physiological levels, based on ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assays using sentinel fish species. We collected fish samples of Zacco platypus in May 2008 from 3 sampling sites including upstream, midstream, and downstream of the Gap Stream. EROD activity was averaged 4.54 in the downstream, 2.7 fold higher than upstream and indicated that stream condition was degraded along with longitudinal gradient from up to downstream. Downstream, especially was significantly increased (p < 0.01) so that indicated various pollutants including nutrient enrichment and toxicant exposure from the point sources, wastewater treatment plant and industrial complex may impact to the stream condition. In the mean time, TOSC assays showed higher in the midstream than other sites, but the values were not significant, compared to the previous report on oxidative stress. Overall results indicated that our approaches applying two biomarkers can be effectively used for diagnosis of the physiological levels in an integrative stream health assessments and can be applied as useful pre-warning techniques as a biochemical alarm system of organic pollutions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.144-144
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• 2004

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 1995

The carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) has been demonstrated to have a hepatotoxic effect in human or many other species. To investigate the enzyme induction of mixed function oxygenases in liver of male Sprague-Dawley rats a single 0.1, 0.5 mι/kg dose of carbon tetrachloride were given. At 24 hr after a single dose of 0.1 mι CC1$_4$/kg weight, methanol extract of Hedera rhombea leaves was administered with 100, 500 mg/kg weight. Assays of 7-ethoxyresorufin-Ο-deethylation(EROD),7-benzyloxyresorufin-Ο-deathylation(BROD),4-nitro-phenol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGT), Western blot and RNA slot blot were used as representatives of the activities of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The change of the activity of CYP1A1 form measured by EROD assay and Western analysis using 1-7-1 monoclonal antibody was not observed. The activity CYP2B1 form by BROD assay and using 2-66-3 monoclonal antibody was remarkably increased. Elevated level of CYP2B1 mRNA was shown by slot hybridization with 2B1-specific probe. Administration of methanol extract of Hedera rhombea leaves reversed the enzyme activity and the level of mRNA, which suggest the chemoprotective effect of methanol extracts of Hedera rhombea leaves to carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxlcity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1365-1375
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• 2005

The antiestrogenic effects of marijuana smoke condensate (MSC) and three major cannabinoids, i.e., $\bigtriangleup^{9}$-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN), were evaluated using in vitro bioassays, viz., the human breast cancer cell proliferation assay, the recombinant human estrogen receptor (ER) competitive binding assay, and the reporter gene assay. The inhibitory effects on estrogen were also examined using the ethoxyresorufin-O­deethylase (EROD) assay, the aromatase assay, and the 17$\beta$-estradiol ($E_{2}$) metabolism assay. The results showed that MSC induced the antiestrogenic effect via the ER-mediated pathway, while THC, CBD, and CBN did not have any antiestrogenic activity. This suggests that the combined effects of the marijuana smoke components are responsible for the antiestrogenicity of marijuana use. In addition, MSC induced the CYP1A activity and the $E_{2}$ metabolism, but inhibited the aromatase activity, suggesting that the antiestrogenic activity of MSC is also related to the indirect ER-dependent pathway, as a result of the depletion of the in situ $E_{2}$ level available to bind to the ER. In conclusion, pyrogenic products including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the non-polar fraction, which is the most biologically active fraction among the seven fractions of MSC, might be responsible for the antiestrogenic effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2002