• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.19.1-19.15
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• 2022

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important food and feed crop which rich in mineral sources. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family plays important roles in plant development and identification of putative gene families, their structure, and potential functions is a primary step for not only understanding the genetic mechanisms behind various biological process but also for genetic improvement. A variety of computational tools, including MAFFT, HMMER, hidden Markov models, Pfam, SMART, MEGA, ProtTest, BLASTn, and BRAD, among others, were used. We identified 34 MsWOX genes based on a systematic analysis of the alfalfa plant genome spread in eight chromosomes. This is an expansion of the gene family which we attribute to observed chromosomal duplications. Sequence alignment analysis revealed 61 conserved proteins containing a homeodomain. Phylogenetic study sung reveal five evolutionary clades with 15 motif distributions. Gene structure analysis reveals various exon, intron, and untranslated structures which are consistent in genes from similar clades. Functional analysis prediction of promoter regions reveals various transcription binding sites containing key growth, development, and stress-responsive transcription factor families such as MYB, ERF, AP2, and NAC which are spread across the genes. Most of the genes are predicted to be in the nucleus. Also, there are duplication events in some genes which explain the expansion of the family. The present research provides a clue on the potential roles of MsWOX family genes that will be useful for further understanding their functional roles in alfalfa plants.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.695-701
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• 2022

Homeostatic regulation of meristematic stem cells accomplished by maintaining a balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is critical for proper plant growth and development. The quiescent center (QC) regulates root apical meristem homeostasis by maintaining stem cell fate during plant root development. Cell cycle checkpoints, such as anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome/cell cycle switch 52 A2 (APC/C^CCS52A2), strictly control the low proliferation rate of QC cells. Although APC/C^CCS52A2 plays a critical role in maintaining QC cell division, the molecular mechanism that regulates its activity remains largely unknown. Here, we identified SCF^FBS1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, as a key regulator of QC cell division through the direct proteolysis of CCS52A2. FBS1 activity is positively associated with QC cell division and CCS52A2 proteolysis. FBS1 overexpression or ccs52a2-1 knockout consistently resulted in abnormal root development, characterized by root growth inhibition and low mitotic activity in the meristematic zone. Loss-of-function mutation of FBS1, on the other hand, resulted in low QC cell division, extremely low WOX5 expression, and rapid root growth. The 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of CCS52A2 was facilitated by its direct interaction with FBS1. The FBS1 genetically interacted with APC/C^CCS52A2-ERF115-PSKR1 signaling module for QC division. Thus, our findings establish SCF^FBS1-mediated CCS52A2 proteolysis as the molecular mechanism for controlling QC cell division in plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.229-229
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• 2022

Rapeseed is a crop that is waterlogging sensitive, and it is necessary to breed waterlogging tolerance varieties. Our study presents the comparative transcriptome changes in two rapeseed lines, i.e., waterlogging-tolerant (tJ8634-B-30,) and - sensitive ('EMS26') lines under control and waterlogging stress treatments at the flowering stage. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed 13,279 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for 'J8634-B-30' and 8,682 DEGs for 'EMS26' under waterlogging stress condition compared to control. Among DEGs of 'J8634-B-30', 6,818 were up-regulated and 6,461 were down-regulated. On the other hand, among the DEGs of 'EMS26', the number of down-regulated genes (5,240) were higher than that of up-regulated genes (3,442). Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that DEGs related to glucan metabolic, cell wall, and oxidoreductase activity were significantly changed in 'J8634-B-30'. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-based analysis in 'J8634-B-30' identified up-regulated DEGs being involved in MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, the DEGs belonging to mechanisms responding to waterlogging stress, i.e., plant hormones, carbon metabolism, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Nitric oxide (NO) etc. were compared in rapeseed lines. Several DEGs including ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF), constitutive triple response (CTR) (in ethylene signaling pathway), monodehydroascorbate Reductase (MDAR), NADPH oxidase (in ROS pathway), cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein (COX) (in NO pathway) up-regulated in 'J8634-B-30'. These outcomes provided the valuable information for further exploring the genetic mechanism of waterlogging tolerance in rapeseed.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.36.1-36.19
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• 2023

The LIM domain-containing proteins are dominantly found in plants and play a significant role in various biological processes such as gene transcription as well as actin cytoskeletal organization. Nevertheless, genome-wide identification as well as functional analysis of the LIM gene family have not yet been reported in the economically important plant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Therefore, we conducted an in silico identification and characterization of LIM genes in S. bicolor genome using integrated bioinformatics approaches. Based on phylogenetic tree analysis and conserved domain, we identified five LIM genes in S. bicolor (SbLIM) genome corresponding to Arabidopsis LIM (AtLIM) genes. The conserved domain, motif as well as gene structure analyses of the SbLIM gene family showed the similarity within the SbLIM and AtLIM members. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment study revealed that the candidate LIM genes are directly involved in cytoskeletal organization and various other important biological as well as molecular pathways. Some important families of regulating transcription factors such as ERF, MYB, WRKY, NAC, bZIP, C2H2, Dof, and G2-like were detected by analyzing their interaction network with identified SbLIM genes. The cis-acting regulatory elements related to predicted SbLIM genes were identified as responsive to light, hormones, stress, and other functions. The present study will provide valuable useful information about LIM genes in sorghum which would pave the way for the future study of functional pathways of candidate SbLIM genes as well as their regulatory factors in wet-lab experiments.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1976

1. Under an asumption that Ficks diffusion equation could be applicable in soil systems, the diffusivities of NaCl in several flooded soil systems were measured to range from $0.4{\times}10^{-5}cm^2sec^{-1}$ to $0.83{\times}10^{-5}cm^2sec^{-1}$ 2. It was discussed that, when a polder soil with a uniform initial salt content through the profile is desalinated only by diffusion to flooding water, the salt content in profile is a function of soil depth, diffusion time, and diffusivity as following $$C=C^{\circ}erf\frac{x}{\sqrt[2]{Dt}}$$ 3. On the basis of Kirkham, et al's integration of complementary erra function, the speed of desalting was discussed to be inversely proportional to the square root of time as following $$dq/dt=C^{\circ}{\sqrt{D/{\pi}t}}$$ 4. It was estimated enough to exchange the flooding water once or twice, even when desalination of polder soil is carried out only by diffusion, if the desalination begins in June, the used flooding water is fresh water, and flooding depth is 10cm. 5. Desalination of polder soil by diffusion requires 2 month for good standing of planted rice.

• Genes and Genomics
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1181-1197
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• 2018

Tropical plant rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the sole source of commercial natural rubber and low-temperature stress is the most important limiting factor for its cultivation. To characterize the gene expression profiles of H. brasiliensis under the cold stress and discover the key cold stress-induced genes. Three cDNA libraries, CT (control), LT2 (cold treatment at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2 h) and LT24 (cold treatment at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 h) were constructed for RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and gene expression profiling. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to validate the RNA-Seq and gene differentially expression results. A total of 1457 and 2328 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LT2 and LT24 compared with CT were respectively detected. Most significantly enriched KEGG pathways included flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, phenylalanine metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism. A total of 239 transcription factors (TFs) were differentially expressed following 2 h or/and 24 h of cold treatment. Cold-response transcription factor families included ARR-B, B3, BES1, bHLH, C2H, CO-like, Dof, ERF, FAR1, G2-like, GRAS, GRF, HD-ZIP, HSF, LBD, MIKC-MADS, M-type MADS, MYB, MYB-related, NAC, RAV, SRS, TALE, TCP, Trihelix, WOX, WRKY, YABBY and ZF-HD. The genome-wide transcriptional response of rubber tree to the cold treatments were determined and a large number of DEGs were characterized including 239 transcription factors, providing important clues for further elucidation of the mechanisms of cold stress responses in rubber tree.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.11-61
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• 2011

In dieser Arbeit ist zum ersten allgemeiner $\ddot{U}$berblick auf die Verschuldensprinzip, das grunds$\ddot{a}$tzlich f$\ddot{u}$r die Unfalls-Haftung im Bereich der medizinischen Behandlungsfehler noch immerhin gelten, in aller K$\ddot{u}$rze angef$\ddot{u}$hrt und zugleich in rechtsvergleichender Weise auf die sozialrechtliche Typenentwicklung in Bezug auf die haftungsrechtlich motivierte Entsch$\ddot{a}$digung. Gem$\ddot{a}{\ss}$ dem ${\S}$ 46 Gesetzes zur Abhilfe f$\ddot{u}$r medizinische Besch$\ddot{a}$digungenund auf die Mediation-Schlichtung f$\ddot{u}$r medizinische Streitigkeiten ist die rechtssystematische Bedeutung des Kompensations-Zusicherungsgeschafts als eine Art institutioneller Fremdversorgung zu erfassen. Demzufolge geht es h$\ddot{a}$uptsachlich um die Problematik von tatbest$\ddot{a}$ndlichen Merkmalen der Kompensation im ${\S}$ 46 obigen Gesetzes (unten 1) und im Bezug auf die im voraus von GF-Ministerium bekanntgegebene AO (provisorische Fassung) von 8. 11. 2011. um die Analyse einer Reihe von KHG-Entscheidungen $\ddot{u}$ber $\ddot{a}$rztliche Geburtsbehandlungsfehler (unten 2). Dabei ist noch die Geltungsbereich mit entsprechendem Kompensationssystem in Japan zu vergleichen (unten 3). 1. Der terminologische Sinn von "h$\ddot{o}$here Gewalt" ist sowohl semantisch wie auch juristisch-rechtstechnisch eine negative Vorausaussetzung f$\ddot{u}$r haftbar machende Gef$\ddot{a}$hrdungstatbestand. Nicht nur im Inhalt und Umfang vertr$\ddot{a}$gt dieser Rechtsbegriff sich nicht mit dem anderen tatbest$\ddot{a}$ndlich parallell zu erf$\ddot{u}$llenden Merkmal, also "die Besch$\ddot{a}$digung aus unverschuldeter $\ddot{a}$rztlicher Geburtsvorsorge", weil die jene enger als die diese auf dem Begriffsfeld ist, sondern auch im dogmengeschichtlichen, auch doch rechtstechnichen Sinne ist die Terminologie von "h$\ddot{o}$here Gewalt" ungeeignet, f$\ddot{u}$r den kompensatorischen Tatbetand als ein positives Merkmal, zu sein, statt derer, m. E. sollte der Begriff von "unkontrollierbarer Zuf$\ddot{a}$lligkeit" als L$\ddot{o}$sungsansatz verwendet werden. Dazu ist auch die ratio legis zur institutionellen Einf$\ddot{u}$hrung des obigen Kompensations-Zusicherungsgesch$\ddot{a}$fts, das sich auf die Entsch$\ddot{a}$digung des f$\ddot{u}$r Patienten unertr$\ddot{a}$glichen Verlustes gerichtet, d. h. gerade die Augabe des nachteilsausgleichenden Einstehens f$\ddot{u}$r Ungl$\ddot{u}$ck, nicht f$\ddot{u}$r Unrecht, zu ber$\ddot{u}$cksichtigen. 2. Die Typen der KHG-Entscheidungsf$\ddot{a}$llen im Bereich von Gyn$\ddot{u}$kologie k$\ddot{o}$nnten diagnostisch bzw. therapeutisch im folgenden differenziert sein werden; je nach der Kriterien von der Weise und dem Zeitpunkt zur Geburtshilfe, technischen Behandlungsfehlern beim Geburtsvorgang, und Besorgungsfehlern nach dem Geburt u. dgl. 3. Die japanische verschuldensunabh$\ddot{a}$ngige Kompensation ist eigentlich eine Art institutionelle Vorsorge, die anders als koreanische Versorgungssystem auf Grund privatsicherungsfinaler Vorleistung gew$\ddot{a}$rleistet wird. Der kompensatorische Bereich beschr$\ddot{a}$nkt sich auf die schwere infantile Zerebralparese (Cerebralparese) beim medizinischen Geburtsbehandlung. Schlie${\ss}$lich w$\ddot{u}$rde diese Arbeit erw$\ddot{u}$nscht sein, zur Konkretisierung des Voraussetzungen f$\ddot{u}$r die Kompensation nach ${\S}$ 46 Abs. 1 u. 4 des obigen Gesetzes beitragen zu k$\ddot{o}$nnen, welcher spatestens am 8. 4. 2013. zur Geltung gebracht sein sollte.