• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.745-751
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• 2013

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) have been established widely in the world since 1979 for monitoring long-term bio-accumulation of environmental pollutants. The ESBs perform the retrospective analysis of representative biological samples collected regularly and store them in cryogenic condition. In Korea, National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) was established in 2009. Since then, NESB had prepared the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the seven kinds of specimens (Red Pine (Pinus densiflora), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), and etc.) for monitoring the effect of environmental pollution on the terrestrial ecosystem and river ecosystem. In 2012, NESB added Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris)'s eggs to the list of the environmental specimen for monitoring marine environmental pollution. In this study, we sampled the eggs of the Black-tailed Gull on two islands (Baekryeongdo of the West Sea and Hongdo of the South Sea). Especially, we selected eggs which remained in the early stages of embryo development for certifying the consistent and stable monitoring for environmental pollutants in egg contents. However, it was not considered to classify an order of eggs per clutch in this study. It is known that the concentration variations of pollutants exist among eggs in one clutch. Therefore, it is needed to consider the positions of eggs in the laying sequences to meet the objective of bioaccumulation monitoring. We collected 30 eggs in each site but the amount may be insufficient to achieve storage target (over 2,000 g). Therefore, we need to consider an optimal sampling size.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2010

This study is intend to evaluate natural conservation value, and to suggest natural park plan based on conservation value evaluation. In this study evaluation items are selected through related studies about ecological conservation evaluation, and evaluation items in this study can be classified into 2 aspects, ecological environment and topographic environment. After each evaluation items are overlaid with GIS program, management levels are derived from comprehensive overlaid maps of each evaluation items. Management areas can be classified into 5 levels; Critical Conservation Area, Conservation Area, Restoration Area, Passive Usable Area, Active Development Area and Settlement Area. So management areas can be matched each management levels to land use of natural park, that is district of preservation, district of natural environment, district of settlements and district of mass facilities. This study have good enough to evaluate ecological value for natural park plan, but, it is difficult to evaluate conservation value only with maps of each evaluation items, so it needs supplementary field survey for precise conservation value evaluation.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2014

Preventive conservation is one of most important issues in the field of conservation for paper-records. Many researchers have been studied environmental factors such as effects of humidity, temperature, biological attack and air pollutants. Air pollutants strongly associated with oxidative and hydrolytic degradation of cellulose. It is important to control air pollutants in storage environment to improve stabilities of conservation environment. Four paper samples have been analyzed for their accelerated aging characteristics by air pollutants, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide. Physical and optical properties and weight molar masses(Mw) showed that interactions between air pollutants and paper sample. Nitrogen dioxide, ozone caused severe damage to cellulose in paper by hydrolytic and oxidative decompositions during aging.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.951-959
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• 2020

This study aimed to re-establish the conservation area reflecting landscape ecological value through scenario program, targeting Odaesan National Park. The basic data were mapped in watershed planning units, which were set considering topographical and ecological values. The framework of Marxan with Zones, using an indexation process, was using the mapped indicators. Each best solution according to the scenarios was assessed through sensitivity analysis, and a final solution was selected among the best solutions, considering criteria including area ratio of conservation area and grouping. Lastly, the final solution was verified in the overlap analysis with recent zonation. As a result, through the framework of Marxan with Zones, the best solution of scenario 1, which was set by the highest conservation criteria was selected as the final solution, and the area ratio of conservation area and grouping was excellent. As for the overlap analysis, the suggested conservation area was improved compared to recent zonation in terms of the area ratio (39.4%), biotope grade I (35.6%) and the distribution points (7 places) of legally protected species.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.871-882
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• 2004

Korea's national park system resembles that of Japan in many ways. In this study, National park Systems of the two countries are compared from a standpoint of their historical backgrounds to be formed and in aspect of its conservation by the main revision of national park laws in perspective. In conclusion it was found out that Korea's toleration-based regulations on building park amenities have gradually neglected the park conservation effort, whereas Japan's authorization-oriented regulations have streng thened their emphasis on park conservation. From the comparison as above, the polices to be modified for Korean national park are proposed as follows: 1. National park system, which values diversity of species, is to be proposed. For this, the Article 8 which allows a development of National parks, Enforcement Ordinance Article 4, The Article 18 of Law, Enforcement Regulation Article 6 & 7 of National Park Law should be reviewed for deletion and revision. 2. On the basis of the laws, zoning system should be readjusted by discriminated conservation policy. Also, the readjustment of zoning system should be enforced after thorough analysis and research on the value of natural resources in the national park. 3. Korea should closely review the recently revised Japanese laws on the national parks and nature revitalization promotion for applying them to conservation policy of Korean national parks.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.329-341
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• 2023

We surveyed the vegetation of an ecological landscape preservation area (legally protected conservation areas or national parks) and the surrounding areas of Mt. Cheonggye, Republic of Korea, to explore the conservation implications for preservation areas and surrounding transition areas. We calculated diversity indices to identify the properties of the preservation and surrounding areas that are relevant to conservation efforts. We then compared the plant community composition between the areas using field and quadrat surveys in the preservation and surrounding areas. The cover of the dominant species in all tree and herb layers was markedly higher in the preservation area than in the peripheral zones. The species richness indices were significantly higher in the preservation area than in the peripheral zones. Ordination using detrended canonical correspondence analyses showed that the cover of the dominant tree species and rocks could explain the distribution of plant species in the Cartesian space of the ordination. Our results demonstrate that physiognomically designated protected areas match well with ecological data based on diversity indices and ordination analyses and that disturbances in the areas surrounding the ecological landscape of preservation areas can have considerable impacts on plant diversity indices. Hence, the preservation and management of surrounding areas are essential conservation elements for protecting the entire ecological landscape of preservation areas.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of the cultural heritage conservation standards those have been developed throughout the century to reveal the evolution of the conservation. The analysis targets are prepared principles in response to the risks posed by armed conflicts, improper modifications, risks caused by urban planning and development, and the risk posed by environmental impacts. The study analyzed how conservation targets, issues, and conservation methods have changed. The analysis showed that the results of changed trend of conservation, first, the segmentation and diversification of the conservation targets, second, the integrated approaches, third, risk perception changes due to indirect effects from direct risk factors, forth, changes of conservation from safeguard to sustainable development.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2017

This study aimed to develop strategies to re-establish the Park Nature Conservation Area in Bukhansan National Park, reflecting landscape ecological value by using the zonation program Marxan with Zones. Planning unit was set by watershed, and the basic data were mapped, considering topographical and ecological values. Mapped indicators were analyzed with the application framework of Marxan with Zones by indexing some indicators. The zones divided into Park Nature Conservation Area (Zone A), Park Nature Environment Area I(Zone B) which is reflected on the concept of Potential Park Nature Conservation Area and Park Nature Environment Area II(Zone C). The best solution for each of the scenarios was fixed through the sensitiveness analysis. From these, the final solution was selected considering five criteria including area ratio of conservation area and grouping. Lastly, the final solution was verified in the overlapped analysis with recent zonation. According to the results, the number of watersheds was 77, with an average area of $1,007,481m^2$. In terms of basic mapping and indexation, the slope index and number of landscape resources for topographical property were average 0.22 and 38 places, respectively. Biotope index was average 0.69 and legally protected species was 14 species, reflecting ecological values. As the social and economic indicators, trail index was average 0.04, and the number of tour and management facilities was 43 places. Through the framework of Marxan with Zones, the best solution for scenario 1 which was set by the highest conservation criteria was selected as the final solution, and the area ratio of Park Nature Conservation Area and grouping was excellent. As the result of overlapped analysis, suggested zonation of the Park Nature Conservation was better than the recent zonation in the area raito (28.3%), biotope grade I(15.4%) and the distribution points (10 places) of legally protected species with verification of proper distribution of conservation features according to the zone.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2010

Heritage resources have become important social assets as the global interests in heritage tourism increased. Utilization of heritage as unique tourist destination has positive effects on regional economy, which in turn plays an important role in heritage conservation. However, it was found that the essential quality of heritage resources has been degraded and even destroyed when excessive use was permitted. This undesirable side-effects of heritage tourism have led to the growing concern for sustainable tourism that can contribute to both utilization and conservation of heritage. In order for sustainable tourism to be effectively implemented, it is crucial for visitors to be aware of the need for heritage conservation because they are the most important consumers of the heritage. The purpose of this study was to suggest some basic information for sustainable tourism by investigating visitors' evaluation of conservation and use values of heritage resources. The study sites were the two Korean traditional temples(Sokrisan Bubjusa and Naejangsan Naejangsa) and contingent valuation method was used. 390 visitors in Bubjusa and 308 visitors in Naejangsa participated in the questionnaire survey. From the results, sustainable tourism is possible in such heritage areas as traditional temples because the participants had relatively balanced values for heritage conservation and use. The WTP for natural conservation value was found to be highest in both temples; visitors may be more agreeable with the heritage conservation plan if the sustainability of natural resource is emphasized. Also, the use value of heritage could be influenced by the tourism utilization of the area where the heritage was located. If there are no other famous tourist destinations except the heritage in the area, additional plans to develop alternative destinations should be prepared in order to formulate the agreement on the need to protect the heritage among visitors, local communities, and government.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2009

This study was surveyed from May to October, 2008 in order to classify type distribution and evaluate the function of inland wetland as a ecological axis in Chungnam province. Assessment was done by modified-RAM (Rapid Assessment Method). RAM is consisted of total 8 functions and divided into high, moderate, low. The conservation grade of RAM is divided into 4 grades; absolute conservation, conservation, improvement and restoration. Throughout survey on total 13 wetlands of Lacustrine, Palustrine wetland which are distributed in Chungnam province, their function was assessed. As result, the 2 wetlands were judged as absolute conservation grade by assessment of 8 functional contents, and 7 sites were improvement wetlands and 4 sites were conservation wetlands. The function of wetlands assessed as conservation grade showed high in water quality protection and improvement. Also, showed high in vegetation diversity, wildlife habitat and aesthetic recreation. Meanwhile, showed low in Water quality purification, Shoreline/Stream Bank Protection. Of wetlands evaluated as conservation grade, Jeong-juk Ji and Dun-ri reservoir were assessed as absolute conservative area. These wetlands are essential to be managed continuously as a area having high ecological value. Farther, these wetlands will be done as a axis of ecological network related to 'Kumbuk jeongmaek' ecosystem.