• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2006년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.245-246
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• 2006

In this paper, we proposed using MFCC coefficients(Mel-Scaled Cepstral Coefficients) and a simple but efficient classifying method. Many other features: IAV, zero crossing, LPCC, $\ldot$ and their derivatives are also tested and compared with MFCC coefficients in order to find the best combination. GMM and HMM (Discrete and Continuous Hidden Markov Model), are studied as well in the hope that the use of continuous distribution and the temporal evolution of this set of features will improve the quality of emotion recognition.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.691-701
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 스미스 머신을 이용한 스쿼트 운동에 대한 가상 테스트 프레임웍을 제안하고 구현하였다. 이를 위하여 인체 및 제품의 통합 모델을 개발하고, 실험 데이터를 바탕으로 자세의 변화에 따른 새로운 동작을 생성하는 알고리즘을 개발한 후, 가상의 조건에서 동작을 생성하여 인체의 관절에 걸리는 토크와 근육에 걸리는 힘을 시뮬레이션 하는 전체 시스템을 개발하였다. 이 시스템을 검증하기 위하여 동작 수집과 더불어 EMG와 지면반력에 대한 데이터를 수집하여 시뮬레이션 결과가 실제와 잘 맞는지 확인하였다. 이 시스템을 확장시켜 사용한다면 다양한 조건에서 운동하였을 때 신체 근육과 관절에 어떤 영향을 끼치는 지 시뮬레이션 해봄으로써 적절한 운동 프로그램을 효과적으로 개발할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.19.1-24
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• 1998

Designers often hesitate to decide the shape, size, and layout of a product. Though ergonomic principles and data are absolutely needed in this process, they don't have enough guidelines to refer. For the refrigerator designers, they also are not convinced of their decision: the vertical position of the freezing and refrigerating rooms, the height of shelves, the shape of door-handle, and etc. To support the refrigerator design, we applied several ergonomic methods to the evaluation of a refrigerator. EMG measurement was used to evaluate the load of user's lumbar muscle. Based upon the experimental EMG data, we developed a model to predict the relative load according to the height of refrigerator shelves. Two different layouts of a refrigerator, R/F and F/R style, were compared with the model. A three-dimenaional motion analysis method was used to evaluate the user's motion of using a refrigerator. Ten door-handles with the different shapes and positions were evaluated by tracking the rotations of the user's arm. Video protocol analysis was used to evaluate the user interface of a control panel in a refrigerator. Finally, we made several ergonomic design guidelines based on the facts found in this research and the anthropometric data of the Korean adults. The results of this study can be applied to the ergonomic design of a refrigerator.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study analyzes the characteristics of two different kinds of squat exercise through physical experiments and a computer simulation, i.e. one with a free weight and the other with a Smith machine are studied. This study also proposes a new design for the Smith machine, which has both the advantages of each type based on the results of the analysis. The muscle force and level of stimulation of the lower extremities during squatting were calculated by running an inverse dynamics analysis program on a musculoskeletal model together with the measured motion data. The calculated results were verified by comparing with the measured EMG data. The analysis showed that squatting using free weight is more effective than squatting using the Smith machine. Meanwhile, in order to design an improved Smith machine, which is the final goal of this study, the trajectory of the barbell of the subjects during free weight squatting was measured on the sagittal plane. The measurement showed that the average slope of the trajectory of the barbell is tilted backward by $10.7^{\circ}$. Based on this measurement, this study proposes a tilted design for an improved Smith machine.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.10.1-10.5
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection in the masseter muscle using electromyography (EMG) in an animal model. Methods: Ten male adult (>3 months of age) New Zealand white rabbits were used. Muscle activity was continuously recorded from 8 hours before to 8 hours after BTX-A injection. The rabbits received unilateral BTX-A injections of either 5 units (group 1, n = 5) or 20 units (group 2, n = 5). Results: The masseter muscle activity of the rabbits was significantly reduced immediately after BTX-A injection (P < 0.05 for both groups). When the results from group 1 were compared with those from group 2, only the peak voltage was significantly decreased in group 2 (P = 0.013). Conclusion: Masseter muscle activity measured by EMG was immediately decreased after a BTX-A injection.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.677-684
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• 2020

본 연구는 대구 Y대학교에 재학 중인 20대 대학생 15명을 무작위로 선발하였다. 실험 군은 총 3군으로 실험 전 각 실험 대상자들의 균형능력을 측정한 후, 시각되먹임을 이용한 균형운동으로 닌텐도 Wii(Nintendo -RVL-001(KOR)를 사용한 집단, 시각과 토구를 이용한 균형운동 집단, 시각을 차단하고 토구를 이용한 균형운동 집단 등 각 집단 5명을 훈련시킨 후 MFT와 EMG를 이용하여 측정하였다. MFT측정 결과 시각되먹임을 이용한 균형 훈련과 시각되먹임과 체성감각을 병행한 균형 훈련과의 상관관계에서는 유의한 결과를 나타내었고, 시각되먹임과 체성감각을 병행한 균형훈련과 체성감각만을 이용한 균형 훈련에서도 유의한 결과를 나타내었다(p<.05). EMG 측정 결과 시각되먹임을 이용한 훈련과 시각되먹임과 체성감각을 병행한 균형훈련과의 상관관계는 유의한 결과를 나타냈고(p<.05), 시각되먹임을 이용한 훈련과 체성감각만을 이용한 균형훈련, 그리고 체성감각만을 이용한 균형훈련과 시각되먹임을 병행한 체성감각훈련 사이에서는 유의한 결과가 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험에서는 시각되먹임만을 이용한 균형훈련보다 체성감각훈련을 병행하는 것이 더욱 효과적이었다. 따라서 균형능력이 감소된 환자들의 균형감각능력증진에 체성감각훈련이 좌우차이와 좌우빈도를 맞추는데 효과적이고 시각되먹임은 동적 균형 증진에 효과적이므로 이 두 훈련을 병행하는 것이 가장 효과적일 것이라고 생각된다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.21-36
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• 1979

Static muscle contractions when prolonged or frequently repeated result in discomfort, fatigue, and musculosketal injuries. An analytic and quantitative model has been developed in order to expand the working knowledge on muscle fatigue. In this paper, three Markov models of muscle fatigue are developed. These models are based on motor unit fatigue-recovery characteristics obtained from information on motor unit behavior as it relates to fatigue and graded exertions. Three successively more realistic models are developed that involve: (1) homogeneous motor units with intensity-dependent fatigue rates and state-independent recovery rates (the HMSI model); (2) homogeneous motor units, intensity-dependent fatigue rates and state-dependent recovery rates (the HMSD model); and (3) non-homogeneous motor units (i.e., Type S and Type F), intensity-dependent fatigue rates and state-dependent recovery rates (the HMSD model). The result indicate that a simple stochastic model provide a means to analyze the complex nature of muscle fatigue in sequential static exertions.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to determine whether General Coordinative Manipulation (GCM) Intervention Models have effects on the balanced restoration of asymmetrical muscles in the extremities. Methods: Fifty-nine healthy subjects (1st hypothesis: n=40, 2nd hypothesis: n=19) participated in studies using the two GCM intervention models. Subjects were studied 2 times a week for 3 weeks. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity, and measurements were performed before and after the application of the each intervention model. Results: Hypothesis 1: GCM Intervention, which coordinates flexion types of muscle contractions of the upper extremity and extension types of muscle contractions of the lower extremity (excluding self-care) is effective for treating shows the treatment in efficiency on more than two 2 of 3 muscles (vastus medialis, gastrocnemius medial, and deltoid middle) and the effects affects on more than 3 types of 4 body types (Vastus medialis, Gastrocnemius medial of Body type III, p<0.05). GCM body type was classified by the relative tilting of right and left scapulars and iliums into four groups. Hypothesis 2: GCM Intervention, which coordinates flexion types of muscle contractions of the lower extremity and extension types of muscle contractions of the upper extremity (excluding self-care) is effective for treating more than two 2 of 3 muscles (vastus medialis, gastrocnemius medial, and deltoid middle) and the effects affects on more than 2 types of 3 body types (p>0.05).

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.2040-2050
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• 2007

In this study, we present a novel method for estimating the information of MU(motor unit) which is the basic element of human muscle by using surface EMG. Some of the method developed in this field could only estimate the numbers of MU that is activated. However, in our study the MU-simulator based on the line source model was designed to estimate the MU information including the numbers of MU and muscle fiber, conduction velocity, MU diameter, fiber diameter, and end plate position. The SMUAP(single motor unit action potential) detector was designed and CMAP(compound muscle action potential) by electrical stimulus was recorded. With these data, the MU-simulator can estimate the MU information by varying muscle paramater settings through MSE(mean square error) method. Our results shows that the proposed method can be comparable with the method of anatomical studies. Moreover, our system can be utilized to build a tool for diagnosis and treatment assessment of neuromuscular patients.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.266-273
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• 1999

The maximum work capacity at various shoulder angles was estimated in terms of joint moment through maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) measurement, and the result was compared to workload computed from 3-D static lifting model (3DSSPP) based upon national institute of safety and health (NIOSH) lifting guideline (1991). The electromyography (EMG) of anterior/posterior deltoid and trapezius muscle was also recorded to study the function of individual muscle during asymmetric shoulder lifting. Psychophysical workload was measured to observe the difference from MVC or biomechanical estimation. An apparatus was constructed for the study and twenty five trials including five flexion angles and five add/abduction angles were performed isometrically. Results indicated that MVC at 30 degree of flexion was the strongest whereas MVC at 120 degree was the weakest. In case of add/abduction, MVC decreased to 77 to 89 % during add/abduction compared to the MVC at neutral position. Regarding the normalized EMG value, a substantial increase was observed at 30 and 60 degree abduction. More importantly, the shoulder moment computed from maximum permissible limit (MPL) was greater than the moment at MVC condition during 30 degree adduction. Current result can be used as a reference information for a safe workplace design to prevent the shoulder from an excessive work load in industry.