• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2005

To examine the eating attitudes, weight concerns, dietary intake, and menstrual function of Korean female elite athletes, 109 subjects in seven sports disciplines (rhythmic gymnastics, synchronized swimming, badminton, volleyball, Taekwondo, field hockey, and soccer) responded to a questionnaire consisted of three parts; eating attitudes and behavior(Eating Attitude Test-26; EAT26), body weight perception (Body Dissatisfaction Index: BDI) and weight control behavior, and menstrual history and status. They also recorded three-day dietary intake. Body weight (43.6$\pm$4.3 kg) and body mass index (16.7$\pm$1.4 kg/$m^2$) in rhythmic gymnasts were lower than those in other athletes (P<0.05). EAT26 scores were not different among sport events (12.3$\pm$6.5 total), however, eating disturbances (EAT26 score$\geq$20) were highly prevalent in aesthetic athletes ($30\%$) than in others ($5\%$). More than half of the athletes perceived themselves overweight and four fifth of the athletes desired to reduce weight about 4.4 kg. The gymnasts consumed the lowest caloric intake (1028:t371) while the volleyball players did the highest (2995$\pm$342 kcal/d) (P<0.05). The BDI score was not different among sport events. Three fourth of the athletes experienced weight control, and the most frequently used weight reduction method was exercise followed by using robber suits, diet, and sauna. About $40\%$ of the subjects reported irregular menstrual cycles, but menstrual dysfunction ($\leq$6 menses/yr) was only $5\%$. Generally, the Korean female elite athletes desired to reduce weight from their current body weight. No differences in eating attitude and body dissatisfaction were noticed among athletic disciplines. However, eating disturbances were highly prevalent in aesthetic athletes who also reported much less energy intake than the recommend daily energy intake. It appeared that weight reduction methods were not properly practiced in these population. Menstrual dysfunction was minimally reported.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

This research focused on deciding optimal manufacturing WIP (Work-In-Process) limit for a small production system. Reducing WIP leads to stable capacity, better manufacturing flow and decrease inventory. WIP is the one of the important issue, since it can affect manufacturing area, like productivity and line efficiency and bottlenecks in manufacturing process. Several approaches implemented in this research. First, two strategies applied to decide WIP limit. One is roulette wheel selection and the other one is elite strategy. Second, for each strategy, JIT (Just In Time), CONWIP (Constant WIP), Gated Max WIP System and CWIPL (Critical WIP Loops) system applied to find a best material flow mechanism. Therefore, pull control system is preferred to control production line efficiently. In the production line, the WIP limit has been decided based on mathematical models or expert's decision. However, due to the complexity of the process or increase of the variables, it is difficult to obtain optimal WIP limit. To obtain an optimal WIP limit, GA applied in each material control system. When evaluating the performance of the result, fitness function is used by reflecting WIP parameter. Elite strategy showed better performance than roulette wheel selection when evaluating fitness value. Elite strategy reach to the optimal WIP limit faster than roulette wheel selection and generation time is short. For this reason, this study proposes a fast and reliable method for determining the WIP level by applying genetic algorithm to pull system based production process. This research showed that this method could be applied to a more complex production system.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.147-154
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze how parents' income, goal, expectancy, and value affect their parents' child supporting behavior, and to understand the behavior of parents supporting their children of elite athletes. For this, the influence relations of parental supporting cost/time according to income, children's achievement level, parents' sports parenting objective, achievement expectancy, and task value were analyzed through simple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. As a result of the study, income and identity objective had an effect on supporting time. Income affected the supporting cost. Achievement expectancy had a moderating effect of income on supporting cost, and usefulness value had a moderating effect on income and relational objective. It is significant that it provided a quantitative basis for understanding parents' child supporting behavior.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2009

In this study, the influence of surface roughness on light scattering from Au pads on a PCB surface was investigated. Angular distributions of light scattered from Au pads with different surface roughness were measured for several incident angles. Diffusely-scattered light could be separated by using the fact that the amount of specularly-scattered light was directly related to surface roughness. The separated diffuse term was curve-fitted with a physics-based model, and then the related scattering parameters were extracted and compared with measured parameters.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-62
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• 2017

The political reformation in Indonesia is a determinant factor of the change in political communications and the roles of media. Currently, the political elites need media support, since it contextually has a significant role. Whoever has a good relationship with the media, will be loved by the public. On the other hand, the media also have a vested interest in the elite in running businesses and building the power of industry. Policies and capital pose a challenge to maintaining the continuity of the media. Independence and control of media are at stake, when the interests of the media and the elite collaborate with each other and then build a benefit on both sides. Meanwhile, the role of social media also cannot be neglected. The Indonesian political communication system is characterized by the presence of social media in a pseudo-relationship between the elite and the public. This paper tries to explain the growing trends of research in the academic environment and the research trends in political practice in Indonesia after the occurrence of post-reformation era in legislative and executive elections. The method used is the meta-analysis of research outcomes of university (dissertations) and secondary data sources. Data processing is done by meta-analysis of secondary data. The results of meta-analysis research indicate that, the objective conditions, in Indonesia, especially the political conditions, stimulate new spaces in communication research. The study of political communication becomes dominant in the academic environment. In addition, communication research is also characterized by a shift from the linear perspective (positivistic paradigm) to the interactive perspective (naturalistic paradigm). On the other hand, the development of politic and governance situations in Indonesia has prompted the establishment of polling agencies that help citizens understand the maps of political power and candidates in general elections and regional head elections.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The study examined the relationship between the knee function score and knee strength and muscular endurance of an elite female handball athletes according to their position in the team. METHODS: Thirty handball athletes participated on the study: 12 front positions, 12 back positions, and five goalkeepers. The knee function score consisted of symptoms, pain, daily activity, sports and recreation, and quality of life. In addition, CSMI (Cybex, USA) was used to measure the strength and muscular endurance of the knee. The muscular strength and muscular endurance were measured at an angular velocity of 60°/s and 180°/s, respectively. RESULTS: The overall items of the knee function score showed a significant difference (p = .017), and goalkeepers had significantly higher scores than the back positions. In addition, significant differences were observed in all five items depending on the position (p ≤ .05). On the other hand, both the flexor and extensor muscles of the knee strength and muscular endurance were not significant. Moreover, there was no correlation between the knee function score and the knee strength and muscle endurance. CONCLUSION: Elite female handball athletes have different knee functions score depending on their position in the team, but the, strength and muscular endurance of the knee were similar for each position. Furthermore, the knee function score showed no correlateion with the strength and muscular endurance of the knee.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.434-446
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper was to analyze a social discourse on the enactment of School Sport Promotion Law produced in the media. For this purpose, 73 articles related to the law collected from portal sites such as 'Daum', 'Naver' and 'Yahoo' as well as 'KINDS' were utilized for data analysis. Therefore, it was concluded that a social discourse's feature related to the enactment of the law is a social 'support' discourse calling for the enactment of the law, a 'denunciation' discourse after the rejection at the regular session of the National Assembly, a 'opposition' discourse concerned about the regression of elite sport and a 'wish' discourse expecting the leap and vitalization of school sport. From the holistic point of view, a dominant discourse is the appropriateness and necessity of the enactment of the law. However, smaller but stronger voices of dissent concerning about the decline in the development of elite sport (especially elite sporting success) were raised.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2008

Ant System(AS) is new meta heuristic for hard combinatorial optimization problem. It is a population based approach that uses exploitation of positive feedback as well as greedy search. It was first proposed for tackling the well known Traveling Salesman Problem. In this paper, AS is applied to the Multicast Routing Problem. Multicast Routing is modeled as the NP-complete Steiner tree problem. This is the shortest path from source node to all destination nodes. We proposed new AS to resolve this problem. The proposed method selects the neighborhood node to consider all costs of the edge and the next node in state transition rule. Also, The edges which are selected elite agents are updated to additional pheromone. Simulation results of our proposed method show fast convergence and give lower total cost than original AS and $AS_{elite}$.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic characteristics of javelin to compare the characteristics between world elite athletes and local male athletes. The subjects selected 9 athletes out of total 13 athletes recorded more than 65 m in the preliminary and main competition participated in the 93rd National Sports Festival held in 2012. Three-Dimensional motion analysis using a system of 4 video cameras(Sony HXR-MC2000) at a sampling frequency of 60 fields/s was performed for this study. The Kwon3D 3.1 was used to obtain the three dimensional coordinates about the top, grip, end of javelin. And the kinematic factors of javelin calculated using Matlab2009a program. The resultant speed of javelin that affects directly to the record of performance showed 26.08 m/s indicated lower speed of about 2-3 m/s than world elite athletes. The release point appeared to have been made at the high of $1.79{\pm}0.07$ m of 99.8% of the height of the athletes. In terms of release angle, it was indicated average $33.0{\pm}3.81^{\circ}$ lower release angle compared to the world elite athletes. The attitude angle(up & down tilt angle, X axis) related to javelin indicated average $38.5{\pm}4.96^{\circ}$, its related attack angle average $5.5{\pm}5.11^{\circ}$, and yaw angle(sideslip, side attack angle) average $15.7{\pm}8.48^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.599-604
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• 2018

This study aimed to examine the various factors structure of Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) by using confirmatory factor analysis and to provide a suitable questionnaire for elite athletes to measure attitudes toward doping. Three hundred and fifty-five handball players participated in this study and they filled out a self-administrated 17-items PEAS. And 17-items, 11-items, 9-items, 8-items and 6-items PEAS were examined by using confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. 6-items PEAS was suitable to measure attitudes toward doping for adult athletes, and PEAS for adolscent should be developed by being consisted of suitable questions for adolscent athletes.