• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2011

Bovine whey protein expression patterns of colostrum are much different from that of milk. Moreover, bovine colostrum is an important source of protective, nutritional and developmental factors for the newborn. However, to our knowledge, no research has been performed to date using a comparative proteomic method on the changes in the bovine whey proteome during the transition from colostrum to milk. This study therefore separated whey protein of days 1, 3, 7 and 21 after calving using two dimension electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins at different collection times were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in order to understand the developmental changes in the bovine whey proteome during the transition from colostrum to milk. The expression patterns of whey protein of days 1 and 3 post-partum were similar except that immunoglobulin G was down-regulated on day 3, and four proteins were found to be down-regulated on days 7 and 21 compared with day 1 after delivering, including immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, albumin, and lactotransferrin, which are involved in immunity and molecule transport. The results of this study confirm the comparative proteomic method has the advantage over other methods such as ELISA and immunoassays in that it can simultaneously detect more differentially expressed proteins. In addition, the difference in composition of milk indicates a need for adjustment of the colostrum feeding regimen to ensure a protective immunological status for newborn calves.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.522-525
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• 1988

무혈청 배지에 생산촉진제로 30$\mu$g/m$\ell$의 Heparin 을 첨가해 정상인의 섬유 세포로부터 상업적으로 tPA를 생산할 수 있는 방법의 개발과, 효과적인 tPA 생산을 위해 대량 배양에 적합한 무혈청 배지의 조성을 확립했다. 이 방법으로 연속배양 공법하에서 매일 1.1gram의 tPA가 생산될 수 있으며, 이 생산성은 tPA 생산 단가를 크게 낮출 분만 아니라 무혈청 배지의 사용으로 tPA의 순수 정제 과정을 크게 단축시킬 수 있다. 또한 이 세포에서 생산되는 tPA 는 fibrin lysis 시험결과 섬유질 분해능력이 높음이 입증되었으며, ELISA결과와도 상충했다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 1986

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) using crude and affinity-purified antigens of adult worms of Paragonimus westermani was performed for infected cat sera with different worm burden, from preinfection to 18th week after infection. Crude antigen was used with supernatant of homogenated worms by freezing-thawing method, and the supernate was centrifuged for 1 hour at 10,000 rpm at $4^{\circ}C$. Affinity-purified antigen(antibody-bound antigen) was prepared from fractions(bound and unbound) of crude antigen by affinity chromatography on CNBr-activated sepharose 4B, and IgG as a ligand was prepared from paragonimiasis cat serum(6 months infected) obtained by ammonium sulfate ($40%{\sim}45%$ saturated) precipitation method. By SDS-PAGE, crude antigen showed 22 polypeptide fractions while purified antigen showed 4 fractions: 36, 400, 34, 700, 27, 600 and 11, 500 in molecular weights. All cats were divided into five groups($G_1-G_5$) by different worm burdens. The mean of recovered worms(${\pm}SD$) and the number of cats in each group are as follows: $G_1$, 2 worms(0) and 4 cats; $G_2$, 4.75 (${\pm}0.66$) and eight; $G_3$, 10.75(${\pm}1.92$) and four; $G_4$, 23.20(${\pm}3.43$) and five; $G_5$, 48(${\pm}12.63$) and five cats. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The antibody levels(OD value) increased by worm burden in $G_1$ to $G_4$ generally. However, individual antibody levels were not exactly related with worm burden in all groups, especially there was a wide difference in $G_4$ and $G_5$. These results suggested that the worm burden in $G_4$ (about $20{\sim}30$ worms) is enough to produce antibody maximum in cats of $2{\sim}3kg$ weight. 2. The antibody levels increased significantly(p<0.05) compared to control sera at the 3rd week in $G_1$ and $G_2$, at the 2nd week in $G_3$, and at the 1st week in $G_4$ and $G_5$. Especially in the 4th week, OD value increased more in $G_1$(p<0.01) and in $G_2$ to $G_5$(p<0.001). In the pattern of antibody levels by ELISA in each group, OD in $G_1$ increased to the 18th week continuously, in $G_2$ OD was maintained same after the 16th week, but in $G_3$ it decreased after the 16th week, and it was maintained same in $G_4$ and $G_5$ after the 14th week. 3. The antibody levels by ELISA with the affinity-purified antigen were higher than those with crude antigen in all groups generally. Especially, the difference of OD values between two antigens was larger from the 4th to the 10th week. In $G_1$ and $G_2$ OD with purified antigen was higher than that with crude one to the 18th week. It was also higher in $G_3$ than that with crude antigen to the 16th week and OD of $G_4$ and $G_5$ were higher before the 14th week than that with crude antigen, however became lower at the 16th week. Consequently, the antibody level in ELISA with affinity-purified antigen was more sensitive at the early weeks after infection and in light infection groups than that with crude antigen.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2018

Most buildings feature core walls (and shear walls) that are placed eccentrically within the building to fulfil architectural requirements. Contemporary earthquake design standards require three dimensional (3D) dynamic analysis to be undertaken to analyse the imposed seismic actions on this type of buildings. A static method of analysis is always appealing to design practitioners because results from the analysis can always be evaluated independently by manual calculation techniques for quality control purposes. However, the equivalent static analysis method (also known as the lateral load method) which involves application of an equivalent static load at a certain distance from the center of mass of the buildings can generate results that contradict with results from dynamic analysis. In this paper the Generalised Force Method of analysis has been introduced for multi-storey buildings. Algebraic expressions have been derived to provide estimates for the edge displacement ratio taking into account the effects of dynamic torsional actions. The Generalised Force Method which is based on static principles has been shown to be able to make accurate estimates of torsional actions in seismic conditions. The method is illustrated by examples of two multi-storey buildings. Importantly, the black box syndrome of a 3D dynamic analysis of the building can be circumvented.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.651-655
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• 2005

연구배경 : D-dimer는 혈장응고 및 섬유소분해계의 활성화 표지자로 알려져 있고 폐색전증은 비특이적인 임상양상과 진단이 어려워 비관혈적인 진단적 필요성이 대두되어 ELISA법에 의한 D-dimer 검사가 알려져 있으나 검사에 대한 소요시간이 길어 현실적으로 적용하기 어려운 단점이 있다. 검사 소요시간이 짧은 latex응집법에 의한 D-dimer 검사가 폐색전증의 선별검사에 유용한지에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 흉부 나선형 전산화 단층촬영, 폐관류 및 폐환기검사, 폐동맥조영술 등을 통해 진단된 폐색전증 환자 90명 (I군) 및 폐색전증을 상기의 방법으로 제외가 가능하였던 환자 95명 (II군)을 대상으로 반정량적 latex응집법에 따른 D-dimer 검사 (Stago D-Di, Diagnostica Stago, France)에 대한 후향적 조사를 시행하였다. 결 과: 환자의 성별 및 연령은 I군은 남:녀 = 37:55 및 57세였고 II군은 남:녀 = 50:45 및 52세 였다. D-dimer $500{\mu}g$ 이상을 양성으로 판정하였을때 민감도는 86.7%, 양성예측치 61.4%, 음성예측치 79.3%, 특이도 48.4%였고 확진이 가능하였던 66명과 음성으로 최종 판독되었던 95명에서 D-dimer $500{\mu}g$ 이상을 양성으로 판정하였을때 민감도는 93.9%, 양성예측치 55.9%, 음성예측치 92.0%, 특이도 48.4% 였다. 결 론: 반정량적 latex응집법에 의한 D-dimer 검사는 알려진 ELISA법에 의한 결과보다 민감도 및 음성예측치가 낮으며 혈전의 부하가 많은 경우에는 비교적 양성률이 높게 나타나나 혈전의 부하가 적은 경우 양성률이 낮게 나타날 수 있어 폐색전증 및 심부정맥 혈전증의 선별검사로 적합하지 않았다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1997

Monoclonal antibodies were prepared in order to an assay method for Vibrio vulnificus. Sixteen mouse ybridoma cell lines were established by immunization of whole cell antigen to BALB/c mice, fusion with SP2/O myeloma cells, and cloning. Most of them secreted IgM.lambda. antibodies. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed with rabbit anti-V. vulnificus polyclonal antibodies as capture antibody, an IgM monoclonal antibody as detector antibody, and goat anti-mouse IgM-alkaline phosphatase conjugate as developer antibody. The range of detection was 10$\^$4/ to 10 V. vulnificus cells per microplate well. When four related Vibrio species were tested for cross-reactions, V. parahaemolyticus showed 3.5% reactively and V. carchariae, V. fluvialis, and V. furnisii showed negligibal (<1%) cross-reactivity.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2010

In order to investigate the antidepressant effects of Lycii Radicis Cortex on the change of HPA-Axis system, the forced swimming test was performed. The expressions of CRF and c-Fos in the PVN were measured with immunohistochemical method and the concentration of ACTH in Serum was evaluated with ELISA method. And the results obtained were as follows. Results : 1. The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the LRC100 group and the LRC400 group(P<0.001). 2. The expressions of CRF and c-Fos were significantly reduced in the LRC100 group and the LRC400 group(P<0.001). And the concentration of ACTH in Serum were significantly reduced in the LRC 100 group(P<0.05). According to the results above mentioned, it can be considered that Lycii Radicis Cortex has antidepressant effects.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2022

This study was proceeded the analytical methods using various analytical instruments for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food products. Various analytical methods were developed to determine levels of PAHs including benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and chrysene formed in various food products using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and raman spectroscopy. Recently, the rapid on-site response for the detection of hazardous substances in food aims to develop an onsite rapid detection of a simplified technical analysis method to reduce the time and cost required for analysis of PAHs. Current PAHs detection methods have been reviewed along with new raman spectroscopy analytical method.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.486-489
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• 1996

A simple, rapid, specific and sensitive method for the detection of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique without conventional RNA extraction was developed. HCV template RNA from serum was obtained by boiling the serum at $95^{\circ}C$ for 2 min, cooling rapidly in ice and removing the proteins by cetrifugation. RT-PCR amplifications including the reverse transcription and first PCR amplification were performed in one vessel containing both of reverse transcriptase and Taq DNA polymerase. The detection of HCV RNA from $10^{-3}{\mu}l$. serum was possible with this method. The suitability of this method for clinical analysis was evaluated by assaying HCV RNA in 225 patient samples including anti-HCV antibody negatives (13 samples) and positives (212 samples) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA). Detections of HCV RNA with this method were in 4 of 13 anti-HCV antibody negative samples (30.8%) and 95 of 212 positive samples (44.8%). The present method can be completed in 1 hr and has a wide range of application for the clinical utilities to determine the viral RNAS.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2004

섬진강 유역 곡성군 및 순창군 지역은 주민의 간흡충증 유병률이 약 10~40%이다. 이 지역의 간흡충 질환의 퇴치를 위해 지역 주민을 대상으로 간흡충 간염자를 진단 및 치료하고 예방교육을 통해 이 질환의 관리효과를 관찰 하였다. 간흡충 집중관리 이전의 제1차 간흡충증 유병률 조사를 실시하였다. 비확률 표본추출의 방법에 따랐다. 전남 곡성군 주민 1,243명에 대하여 대변을 받아 Formalin-ether 집란법으로, 전북 순창군 주민 1,004명에 대해서는 혈청을 받아 ELISA 검사로 간흡충증을 진단함으로써 두 지역의 간흡충증 유병률을 파악하였다. 간흡충 감염자 전원을 디스토시드 약물로 치료해 주고 재감염 방지를 위한 예방교육을 실시하였다. 간흡충 집중관리 이후의 제2차 간흡충증 유병률 조사를 1차 조사 후 9개월 뒤에 곡성군 주민 616명, 순창군 주민 2,637명을 대상으로 1차 조사 때와 같은 방법으로 실시하여 얼마나 유의하게 유병률이 감소하였는지를 판정하였다. 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 곡성군 및 순창군의 집중관리 이전의 제1차 간흡충 유병 각각 평균 39.0%, 30.1% 이었고 두 군을 통 털어 면 단위별로는 61.5%에서 8.9% 범위이었다. 두 군 모두 섬진강변에 위치한 면에서 강으로부터 먼 면보다 유병률이 높았다. 또한 대변검사와 ELISA의 Field survey 상의 진단적 신뢰도에 큰 문제가 없다고 판단하였다. 2. 간흡충 감염자 전원을 약물 치료 및 예방교육을 실시하고 9개윌 후에 실시한 제2차 조사 결과, 곡성군 및 순창군의 간흡충 유병률은 22.4%, 16.3%로 집중관리 이전과 비교하여 통계적으로 두 군 공히 유의하세 감소한 것으로 나타났다(P<0.0001). 이상의 결과에서, 섬진강 유역의 곡성군, 순창군 지역은 간흡충 감염이 고도로 유행하고 있었고, 집중관리에 의해 유병률이 유의하게 감소함을 확인하였다. 따라서, 섬진강 유역의 다른 지역도 간흡충증의 집중관리가 이루어져야 하며 본 연구의 간흡충증 관리 모형을 적용할 것을 제언한다.