• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2010

Deinterlacing methods are usually divided into inter-field deinterlacing and intra-field deinterlacing. The most common method of intra-field deinterlacing is the linear method which uses line doubling or line averaging. There are also some edge-enhancement methods such as ELA(Edge Based Line Average) and modified ELA. However, the linear interpolation generates edge blurring or staircase artifacts. The methods using ELA or modified ELA show poor deinterlacing at various types of edges because of insufficient edge information in a certain direction. This paper presents an intra-field deinterlacing algorithm that considers the interpolation based on edges in 7 directions and an edge line in the horizontal direction. It demonstrates better picture quality by reducing the staircase phenomenon of object in the conventional methods.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2009

In this paper, we provide experimental results and verification for obstacle avoidance algorithm 'ELA(Emergency Level Around)', which is applicable to rescue robots. ELA is a low level intelligence-based obstacle avoidance algorithm, so can be used in fast mobile robots requiringhigh speed in operation with little computational load. Constructed system for experiments consist of laptop, sensors, peripheral devices and mobile robot platform VSTR(Variable Single-tracked Robot) to realize predetermined scenarios. Finally, experiment was conducted in indoor surroundings including miscellaneous things as well as dark environment to show fitness and robustness of ELA for rescue, and it is shown that VSTR navigates endowed area well with real-time obstacle avoidance based on ELA. Therefore, it is concluded that ELA can be a candidate algorithm to increase mobility of rescue robots in real situation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.726-735
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• 2003

In this study, anthropometric and biochemical indicators and related factors for community dwelling elderly living alone (ELA). as well as for elderly not living alone (ENLA) were explored. The subjects were 140 elderly females (70 living alone, 70 not living alone) residing in Bucheon. Anthropometric measurements revealed significant differences between the two groups (ELA/ENLA) for height, weight, BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, suprailiac skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness, and body fat percentage. The ELA showed significantly lower data for most of the anthropometric indices, except PIBW. Biochemical indicators of iron status (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation) were significantly lower for the ELA, whereas the total serum cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, for the ELA were significantly higher. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (240 mg%) was 30%. The latter three are not in accordance with general malnutrition among the ELA. The hemoglobin of the ELA was positively correlated with energy, fat, iron and cholesterol intake, but negatively correlated with height. The serum cholesterol of the ELA was Positively associated with most of their nutrient intake.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a new IPC(Interlace to Progressive Conversion) method based on ELA(EDge Line based Average) interpolation using detecting the reliable edge direction. Existing ELA algorithms execute linear interpolation using edge direction without considering noises. In noisy images, these algorithms degrade quality because if interpolation based on the wrong edge direction. Out scheme is able to solve the problem of existing ELA algorithms in noisy images. First, filter a noisy pixel and estimate sizes of the noiseless orginal pixed and the noise, repectively. Then, considering the size of the noise, calculate weights of ELA and vertical interpolation. If noises exist after IPC, these could be eliminated by post filtering. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm has about $1{\sim}2$ dB better performance than those of existing ELA algorithms.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.716-725
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• 2003

In this study, the dietary behaviors, depression rates and nutrient intakes were assessed for elderly females living alone (ELA) and elderly females not living alone (ENLA). The subjects were 140 elderly females (living alone 70; not living alone 70) residing in Bucheon city. Dietary data were obtained using the 24-hr recall method. There were more subjects with low monthly incomes (less than 500,000 won) in the ELA group. The proportion of the ELA group which skipped at least one meal per day was 38.5% and the main reasons given were low appetite and depression. Fewer of the ELA group were observed to have smoking and drinking habits. However, the majority of the ELA smokers smoked more than 6 cigarettes per smoking. The drinking score of the ELA group was also higher than that of the ENLA group. The total score of depression for the ELA group was higher than that of the ENLA group. The total score of nutrition risk index (NRI) of the ELA group (8.09) was also higher than that of the ENLA group (2.31). The dietary assessment using the 24 hr-recall method showed that the ELA group had lower nutrients intakes, and significant differences were shown in the intakes of energy (1137 kcal vs 1275 kcal), animal protein, animal fat, carbohydrates, animal Ca, and animal Fe. There was a positive correlation between the NRI and the depression scores. However a higher NRI was associated with lower intakes for most of the nutrients in the ELA group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2004

In this study we investigated post ELA(Excimer Laser Annealing) effect on SMC (Silicide Mediated Crystalization) poly-Si (Polycrystalline Silicon) to improve the characteristics of poly-Si. Combining SMC and XeCl ELA were used to crystallize the a-Si (amorphous Silicon) at various ELA energy density for LTPS (Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon). We fabricated the conventional SMC poly-Si with no SPC (Solid Phase Crystallization) phase using UV heating method[1] and irradiated excimer laser on SMC poly-Si, so called SMC-ELA poly-Si. After using post ELA we can get better surface morphology than conventional ELA poly-Si and enhance characteristics of SMC poly-Si. We also observed the threshold energy density regime in SMC-ELA poly-Si like conventional ELA poly-Si.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2008

We propose a novel real-time obstacle avoidance method for rescue robots. This method, named the ELA(Emergency Level Around), permits the detection of unknown obstacles and avoids collisions while simultaneously steering the mobile robot toward safe position. In the ELA, we consider two sensor modules, PSD(Position Sensitive Detector) infrared sensors taking charge of obstacle detection in short distance and LMS(Laser Measurement System) in long distance respectively. Hence if a robot recognizes an obstacle ahead by PSD infrared sensors first, and judges impossibility to overcome the obstacle based on driving mode decision process, the order of priority is transferred to LMS which collects data of radial distance centered on the robot to avoid the confronted obstacle. After gathering radial information, the ELA algorithm estimates emergency level around a robot and generates a polar histogram based on the emergency level to judge where the optimal free space is. Finally, steering angle is determined to guarantee rotation to randomly direction as well as robot width for safe avoidance. Simulation results from wandering in closed local area which includes various obstacles and different conditions demonstrate the power of the ELA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.287.1-287.1
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 현재 디스플레이에서 가장 널리 이용되는 저온 polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si)의 결정화 방법에 따른 thin-film transistor (TFT)의 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. 분석에 이용된 결정화 방식은 Excimer Laser Annealing (ELA)와 Metal Induced Crystallization (MIC)이다. ELA와 MIC TFTs의 전기적 특성 측정을 통한 분석결과 ELA와 MIC poly-Si TFTs의 전기적 특성 [field-effect mobility (${\mu}_{FE}$), on/off current ratio ($I_{ON}/I_{OFF}$), sub-threshold swing (SS)]은 큰 차이는 없지만, ELA를 이용한 poly-Si TFT의 전기적 특성이 조금 우수하다. 하지만, MIC poly-Si TFT의 경우 threshold voltage ($V_{TH}$)가 0V에 보다 가까울 뿐만 아니라, 전기적 스트레스를 통한 신뢰성 확인 시 ELA poly-Si TFT보다 조금 더 안정적이다. 이는 ELA의 경우 좁은 면에 선형 레이저 빔으로 조사하면서 생기는 hill-lock의 영향으로 표면이 거칠고 균일하지 못하여 바이어스 인가시 생기는 문제이다. 또한 MIC는 금속 촉매를 이용해 결정립 경계를 확장하고 결정 크기를 키워 대면적화에 유리하다. Thermal Stress에서는 (from 293K to 373K) TFT에 점차 높은 온도를 가하자 MIC poly-Si TFT의 경우 off 상태에서 누설 전류 값이 증가하며 열에 민감한 반응을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2001

In this paper, we present a systematic method of extracting the input parameters of poly-Si TFT(Thin-Film Transistor) for Spice simulations. This method has been applied to two different types of poly-Si TFTs such as ELA (Excimer Laser Annealing) and SMC (Silicide Mediated Crystallization) with good fitting results to experimental data. Among the Spice circuit simulators, the PSpice has the GUI(graphic user interface) feature making the composition of complicated circuits easier. We added successfully the poly-Si TFT model of AIM-Spice to the PSpice simulator, and analyzed easily to compare the electrical characteristics of pixels without or with the line RC delay. In the comparative results, the ELA poly-Si TFT is superior to the SMC poly-Si TFT in the charging time and the kickback voltage for the TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display).

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2005

This study was conducted to know the differences in pathology between artificially induced hemorrhagic anemia (EHA) and hemolytic anemia (ELA) during the anemic and recovery course, using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). EHA were induced by repeated bleedings with a volume of about 1% of body weight through caudal vein. ELA were induced by intraperitoneal injections of 1% phenylhydrazine for 2 times. A period of 16 to 49th day was arbitrarily taken as a recovery phase. There were no prominent clinical signs and gross findings except for pale gills during the anemic state of both. Characteristic erythrocytes with a weekly stained cytoplasm started appearing on the 12th day in both and were still noted on the 49 and 20th day respectively in EHA and ELA. EHA and ELA were normocytic hypochromic and macrocytic normochromic in type respectively, although both were normocytic hypochromic during the recovery phase. In liver, fatty degeneration around central vein on the 12-38th day in EHA and hyaline degeneration around central vein on the 12-26th day in ELA were found. In head kidney, increased hemopoiesis was observed on the 12-26th day in EHA and on the 2-12th day in ELA, and macrophages engulfing erythrocytes were observed on the 16-38th day in EHA and on the 2-12th days in ELA. In spleen, activated ellipsoids on the 12-26th day in EHA. and on the 2-20th day in ELA. In ELA, severe accumulation of hemosiderin in both spleen and head kidney were constantly noted from the 2-49th day. On the 49th, Ht was recovered but Hb was still lower than that of control in both anemia.