• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.195-198
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• 2004

This study applied EK method to remediate contaminated soil by heavy metal(Pb), tried to increase the efficiency of remediation using zeolite as enhanced EK remediation method to overcome the limit of traditional EK remediation method. Adsorption tests on Pb were conducted to apply the EK extraction and test conditions which contained the electrode reversal, operating time were established. After tests, lead-ions were transported into the specific position of zeolite by EK phenomena, then the immobilization of lead-ions at zeolite was developed. Based on these tests, the efficiency of remediation is different with its test conditions. In addition, the efficiency of remediation was improved dramatically by adding zeolite without electrode reversal and satisfied TCLP regulation of EPA in USA through the whole sample range. Finally, absorption and immobilization capacity of zeolite were proved its excellence and confirmed the possibility of application as enhanced EK remediation method.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.391-395
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• 2007

본 연구는 electrokinetic process (EK process)를 이용하여 20000 mg/kg의 납(Pb)으로 오염된 토양을 처리하는 과정에서 중금속이 오염토양 내부에 수산화물 형태로 침전되는 현상을 억제할 수 있는 방법을 찾기 위하여 전극교환(EK-Exchange, EK-E)과 혼합용매(0.3 M acetic acid and 0.03 M EDTA, EK-Mixed Solution, EK-M)를 사용하는 방법을 적용하였다. 혼합용매를 사용하는 경우(EK-M)에는 EDTA 0.03 M을 단독으로 사용하는 경우(EK-Blank, EK-B)보다는 약 2% 정도 낮은 제거효율을 나타내었다. 그러나, 비싼 EDTA 약품 값을 절약할 수 있다는 측면에서 보면, 이 방법도 충분히 적용 가능한 방법이다. 전극교환을 하는 경우(EK-E)에는 EDTA 0.03 M을 사용하는 경우(EK-B)보다 2% 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다. 그러나 더욱 중요한 사항은 다른 운전조건(EK-B, EK-M)과는 달리 토양 내부의 pH가 7~8 사이로 중성 부근에서 유지되었다는 점이다. 특히, 중금속의 축적이 우려되는 EK-B와 EK-M과는 달리 중금속이 특정 부위(오염토양 중앙부 또는 음극부)에 축적되지 않는다는 장점을 나타내었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

본 논문은 납 오염토에 대한 정회를 목적으로 EK 기법을 적용할때 기존의 EK 기법의 한계성을 극복하고자 향상기법으로써 흡착재(Apatite, Zeolite)를 이용하여 중금속의 고정화를 시도하였다. EK 추출을 위해서 우선 납에 대한 흡착능 실험을 실시하였고 오염농도, 전압조건, 가동시간 등을 달리하여 납이온을 흡착재 설치 위치로 이동시켜 고정화를 유도하였다. 그 결과 설험 조건에 따라 오염물의 이동 특성이 달라 정화 효율에 차이가 있었으며 전극교환과 흡착재의 설치 위치의 추가로 고정화 효율을 증진시켜 시료의 전 구간에서 미국 EPA의 TCLP 용출기준을 만족시킬 수 있었다. 특히 인회석의 흡착 고정화 능력은 탁월한 것으로 판명되어 EK 향상기법으로써 흡착재의 적용 기능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-38
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• 2002

This paper presents a general review of the literature on electrokinetic (EK) remediation of contaminated soil. Lab-scale tests were investigated and contaminant transport mechanism were examined. And also major factors affecting to the EK process were discussed. Enhanced techniques as a method to solve the problems that frequently occurred during traditional EK process were examined. And last, field implemented case and commercially applied case were described.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2018

Different methods of axial and tangential testing and various sample geometries were investigated, and new test geometries were designed to determine the ultimate tensile strength of zirconium cladding tubes. The finite element method was used to model the tensile tests, and the results of the simulations were evaluated. Axial and tangential tensile tests were performed on as-received and machined fuel cladding tube samples of both E110 and E110G Russian zirconium alloys at room temperature to compare their ultimate tensile strengths and the different sample preparation methods.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2021

Background and objective: Problems currently occurred in the environment are caused by a lack of environmental awareness of the community. Biology students learn the environment in ecological learning. Students must explore environmental knowledge (EK) and are expected to have high environmental awareness (EA) and then apply their knowledge in daily life with pro-environmental behavior (PEB). There is a need for designing climate-change book serials for university students (CCBS-US) towards contextualized learning. This study aimed to determine the relationship between EK and EA and the PEB of biology students as a baseline for designing CCBS-US. Methods: The study used a quantitative descriptive method with a correlational design. Total 136 biology students from a state university in Jakarta, Indonesia served as samples of the study. Results: Research results revealed a positive relationship between EK and PEB of biology students. There was a positive relationship between EA and PEB of biology students and between EK and EA and PEB of Biology students. Moreover, 77% of students reported their EK is very high, 55% of students reported their EA is medium, and 46% of students reported their PEB is medium. Ecological learning has a vital role in shaping the EK, EA, and PEB, thus CCBS-US needs to be developed. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a relationship between EK, EA, and PEB. The study recommends the development of CCBS-US based on the survey results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.781-789
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• 2022

KHNP had licensed Dynamic Control rod Reactivity Measurement (DCRM) method using detector current signals of PWRs in 2006. The method has been applied to all PWRs in Korea for about 15 years successfully. However, the original method was inapplicable to PWRs using low-sensitivity integral fission chamber as ex-core detectors because of their pulse pile-up and the nonlinearity of the mean-square voltage at low power region. Therefore, to overcome this disadvantage, a modified method, DCRM-EK, was developed using kinetics behavior after equilibrium condition where the pulse counts maintain the maximum value before pulse pile-up. Overall measurement, analysis procedure, and related computer codes were changed slightly to reflect the site test condition. The new method was applied to a total of 15 control rods of 1000 MWe and 1400 MWe PWRs in Korea with worths in the range of 200 pcm -1200 pcm. The results show the average difference of -0.4% and the maximum difference of 7.1% compared to the design values. Therefore, the new DCRM-EK will be applied to PWRs using low sensitivity integral fission chambers, and also can replace the original DCRM when the evaluation fails by big noises present in current or voltage signals of uncompensated/compensated ion chambers.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2002

본 연구는 유류 화합물 중 phenol을 대표적인 친수성 유기 화합물로, phenanthrene을 대표적인 소수성 유기오염물로 선정하여 실내에서 인위적으로 오염시킨 세립질 지반에 EK 정화 실험을 실시하였다. 또한, 유기 오염물의 제거효율을 높이기 위해 기존의 양수처리에서 향상기법으로 사용하는 계면활성제를 이용한 향상기법을 연구하였다. 실내 bench 스케일 실험결과, 물에 대한 용해도가 높은 phenol은 비교적 쉽게 제거되었지만, 용해도가 낮은 phenanthrene은 거의 제거되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 계면활성제를 적용한 향상기법에서 phenanthrene이 음극부 근처에서 누적되는 지연현상을 보였지만, 농도가 증가할수록 제거효율은 증가하였다. 가동시간을 증가시킨 실험을 통해 시간을 증가시키는 것이 계면활성제의 농도를 증가시키는 것보다 효과적인 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.348-351
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• 2006

This paper presents preliminary laboratory investigations on the electrokinetic (EK) remediation coupled with permeable reactive barrier (PRB) system. Atomizing slag was adopted as a PRB reactive material for remediation of groundwater contaminated with inorganic and/or organic substances. A series of laboratory experiments were performed with variable conditions such as (i) type of contaminant, (ii) applied electric field strength, (iii) processing time, and (iv) the application of PRB system. From the preliminary investigations, the coupled technology of EK with PRB system would be effective to remediate contaminated grounds without the extraction of pollutants from subsurface due to the reactions between the reactive materials and contaminants.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.239-242
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• 2002

Removal of phenanthrene by electrokinetic (EK) method combined with Fenton-like process was studied in a model system. Sand and phenanthrene were selected as a model soil and a representative PAH. Sand was contaminated at the concentration of 500 mg phenanthrene/kg dry sand. Bentonite and kaolinite were inserted into the space between reservoir and contaminated soil. When hydrogen peroxide supplied to a soil system from the anode reservoir was transported through the soil by EK process, the Fenton-like reaction was occurred by naturally existing iron minerals in soil. When hydrogen peroxide was supplied into the system, it showed higher removal efficiency than when just water was used. Maximum removal efficiency of phenanthrene was 81.2 % for 7 days.