• 한국작물학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.139-144
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• 1969

본실험은 대두품종 장단백일과 Clark의 건조종자에 ${\gamma}$선, EMS, EI, 및 ${\gamma}$선과 화학약품과의 조합처리로써 조열, 내도복, 고단백, 다수성 등 유용한 돌연변이계통을 선발할 목적으로 수행하였는데 기초자료로써 처리상대의 돌연변이유기물에 대한 감수성을 조사하였다. 1. ${\gamma}$선의 조사는 장단백일에서 선량증가에 따라 발아 및 생잔율에 큰 장해를 주었으나 Clark에서는 일정한 경향을 찾아 볼 수 없었다. EH한 초장에 있어서는 양 품종 모두 선량이 증가 할수록 고도의 유의성이 있는 생장장해를 보였다. 2. Chemical mutagens을 처리한 경우는 양 품종 똑같이 Ei의 농도가 증가함에 유의성있게 발아율이 감소되었으며 특히 EI의 0.003 Mol. 농도에선 아주 극심한 장해를 나타내고 있다. EMS처리는 발아와 생잔율에 유의성있는 변화를 주지 못했으나 초장에서 장단백일은 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적인 생육장해가 나타났다. Clark에선 일정한 경향을 찾아 볼 수 없었다. 3. ${\gamma}$선 24KR과 FMS 각 농도를 조합처리한 것은 EMS 단독처리 보다 유의하게 발아율이 떨어졌으며 EI과의 조합처리구에서는 ${\gamma}$선 24KR+EI 0.002 Mol을 제외한 각조합처리의 발아율은 EI 단독처리보다 오히려 양호한 결과를 나타냈다. 생잔율에서는 뚜렷한 경향을 찾지 못하였으나 초장에선 ${\gamma}$-선 24KR+EMS 각 농도조합과 그 단독처리구를 비교할 때, 양 품종 모두 고도의 유의차로 조합처리가 생육장해정도를 크게 나타냈다. EI와 ${\gamma}$-선 조합처리가 저농도에서는 초장의 감소를 나타냈으나 ${\gamma}$-선24KR+EI 0.008Mol. 처리구에선 장단백일의 파종후 21일만 제외하고 단독처리구 보다 초장이 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 4. 일반적으로 본 실험에선 발아율과 생잔율이 EMS 단독 및 ${\gamma}$-선+EMS 처리구에서 양호한 결과를 보았으며 EI 및 ${\gamma}$-선+EI 처리구에선 그 고농도구에서 발아율을 감소시켰으나 초장에 나타나는 생육장해는 적었고 오히려 촉진되는 경향도 있었다. 5. 발아율, 생잔율 및 초장을 기준으로 한 감수성을 비교해 보건데 대체적으로 장단백일은 Clark에 비해 매감하였으며 이는 그 감수성이 유전인자구성에 따라 크게 차이를 줄 수 있다는 것을 입증하고 있다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2000

The objectives of this study were to determine whether older Americans would provide valid energy intake information using a 24-hr recall method and to determine which characteristics were predictive of under-report of energy intake. We conducted 24-hour recalls on 83 male and 105 female community-dwelling older adults(66-87y) in the USA to assess energy(EI) and nutrient intakes. Basal metabolic rate(BMR) was calculated from age-and gender-specific equations of Schofield. Under-reporting was defined a priori as EI : BMR<0.9. Subjects volunteered demographic information, underwent depression and cognition exams, and completed a Level II Nutrition Risk Screen. Differences between under- and adequate-reporters were assessed using t-tests for characteristics and macro-nutrient profile. Stepwise regression analyses were used to predict under-reporting status. Under-reporting of EI occurred in 34% of the sample. Neither geriatric depression scale(GDS) score, nor self-reported weight loss were related to under-reporting. On average, under-reporters had higher body mass indices. The most significant variables for the main effect to predict the ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate(EI : BMRest) were BMI and age. Using a standard cut-off of 76% of the recommended dietary allowances for Americans, under-reporters were consistently more likely to be classified as having inadequate nutrient, as well as energy, intakes. (J Community 2(2) 135∼140, 2000)

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1999

Critical evaluation of energy intake data from dietary studies is difficult but important. To investigate the underreporting of total energy intake, we analyzed the one-day dietary intake data collected by 24-hour recall method from 550 elderly Koreans aged 60 years or older. Underreporting was addressed by computing the ratio of energy intake (EI) to estimated basal metabolic rate (BMRest). EI : BMRest ratio was found to be 1.38 for, men and 1.33 for women, with about 14% of men and women classified as underreporters. Underreporting of energy intake was highest in men and women who were overweight, had lower family income, or no school education. For men, the most significant variables to predict the ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic. rate (EI : BMRest) were weight status, members of household, alcohol consumption and age, while income and education level were most significant for women.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.571-583
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• 2023

Purpose: This study used a self-deterministic approach to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), academic motivation (AM), and achievement among health science students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities of Saudi Arabia (Dammam, Riyadh, and Jeddah). A convenience sample of 450 students was incorporated using the multistage cluster sampling technique. The online survey contained three sections: students' basic data and academic achievement level, the modified Schutte self-report inventory, and the Academic Motivation Scale lowercase. Results: This study revealed moderate overall scores for EI (57.1%), AM (55.6%), and grade point average (GPA) (57.6%). The overall EI score, its domains, and GPA had significant positive correlations with overall AM and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (p < .01). Amotivation had an insignificant correlation with GPA (p < .05), but it was negatively correlated with EI and its domains (p < .01). Multiple regression analysis proved that EI domains predicted 5.0% of GPA variance; emotions appraisal and expression (β = .02, p = .024), regulation (β = .11, p = .032), and utilization (β = .24, p < .01). EI domains also predicted 26.0% of AM variance; emotions appraisal and expression (β = .11, p = .04), regulation (β = .33, p < .01), and utilization (β = .23, p < .01). Moreover, AM predicted 4.0% of the variance in GPA; intrinsic (β = .25, p = .004) and extrinsic (β = .11, p = .022) motivation. AM also predicted 25.0% of the variance in EI: intrinsic (β = .34, p < .01) and extrinsic motivation (β = .26, p = .026). Conclusion: EI and AM have a bidirectional influence on each other, significantly shaping the GPA of health sciences students in Saudi Arabia, where intrinsic motivation has a predominant role. Thus, promoting students' AM and EI is recommended to foster their academic achievement.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.884-892
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• 2003

균질화 속도와 시간, 그리고 온도, 물 첨가량에 따른 감귤과피 물균질액의 제조공정시 최적조건을 찾기 위하여 물균질액의 추출효율지수를 나타내는 EI와 감귤과피 물균질액으로 코팅한 유색미의 색도를 나타내는 b value를 변수로 하여 최적화를 시도하였다. 감귤과피를 이용한 물균질액 제조시 EI는 추출온도를 제외한 균질화 속도와 시간, 물 첨가량에 크게 영향을 받았다. 수립된 회귀식에 대한 적합성 결여 분석결과 EI, b value에 대해 유의성이 없어 반응표면 모형이 통계적으로 유의하였다. 최적조건을 선정하기 위하여 비교적 영향이 적은 것으로 판단되는 균질화 시간과 온도를 중심점으로 고정하고 제한 변수를 최대로 하는(EI을 400이상, b value를 24이상) 물균질액 제조의 최적조건은 물 첨가량 42mL, 균질화 속도 8,500rpm이었다. 다음으로 첨가량과 균질화 속도를 이 조건으로 고정하고서 EI을 400이상, b value를 24이상으로 하는 감귤과피 물균질액의 제조조건으로는 물의 온도는 $53^{\circ}C$ 및 균질화 시간은 2.8분으로 결정할 수 있었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2019

In this study, the strength and stiffness (EI) of wood-concrete composite beams for bridges with T-shaped cross section were evaluated. Two types of connectors were used: connectors bonded with epoxy adhesive and connectors attached to the wood just by pre-drilling (without adhesive). The connectors consisted of common steel bars with a diameter of 12.5 mm. Initially, the strength and stiffness (EI) of the beams were analyzed by bending tests with the load applied at the third point of the beam. Subsequently, the composite beams were evaluated by numerical simulation using ANSYS software with focus on the connection system. To make the composite beams, Eucalyptus citriodora wood and medium strength concrete were used. The slip modulus K and the ultimate strength values of each type of connector were obtained by direct shear tests performed on composite specimens. The results showed that the connector glued with epoxy adhesive resulted in better strength and stiffness (EI) for the composite beams when compared to the connector fixed by pre-drilling. The differences observed were up to 10%. The strength and stiffness (EI) values obtained analytically by $M{\ddot{o}}hler^{\prime}$ model were lower than the values obtained experimentally from the bending tests, and the differences were up to 25%. The numerical simulations allowed, with reasonable approximation, the evaluation of stress distributions in the composite beams tested experimentally.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1998

Oligomeric extracts of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene isophthalate)s [(PET/EI] are analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Existence of separated peaks for small cyclics of trimer and tetramer gives the existence of structural isomeric forms. NMR confirms that cyclization of PET/EI occurs more easily at the site of isophthaloyl unit.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2007

Underreporting patterns by the level of obesity have not been fully assessed yet. The purpose of this study was to examine the differential underreporting patterns on cardiovascular risk factor, macronutrient, and food group intakes by the level of Body Mass Index (BMI). We analyzed cross-sectional baseline nutritional survey data from the population-based longitudinal study, the Healthy Women Study (HWS) cohort. Study subjects included 538 healthy premenopausal women participating in the HWS. Nutrient and food group intakes were assessed by the one-day 24-hour dietary recall and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, respectively. The ratio of reported energy intake (EI) to estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) was used as a measure of relative energy reporting status and categorized into tertiles. Overweight group ($BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$) had a higher ratio of EI to BMR (EI/BMR) than normal weight group ($BMI<25kg/m^2$). Normal weight and overweight groups showed similar patterns in cardiovascular risk factors, nutrient intake, and food group intake by the EI/BMR. Fat and saturated fat intakes as a nutrient density were positively associated with the EI/BMR. Proportion of women who reported higher consumption (${\geq}4\;times/wk$) of sugar/candy, cream and red meat groups was greater in higher tertiles of the EI/BMR in both BMI groups. Our findings suggest similar patterns of underreporting of cardiovascular risk factors, and macronutrient and food group intakes in both normal and overweight women.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.685-691
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• 2023

본 연구는 흉부 후·전방향 검사 시 보조관심영역의 변화가 노출지수와 선량에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 통해, 임상에서 적절한 보조관심영역 적용에 대한 인식을 제고하고자 한다. 본 연구는 흉부 모형 팬텀을 대상으로 하였고, 조사조건은 120 kVp, 200 mA, 2 mAs로 설정하였으며, 조사야 크기는 영상수용체 전체를 포함하는 크기(17 X 17")를 적용했다. Sub-ROI는 장비 제조사에서 제공하는 다섯 가지 방식(AEC, VR, HR, LS, SS)를 이용하였다. Sub-ROI 변화에 따른 EI의 평균값은 AEC의 경우 135.58 ± 0.89, VR은 100.80 ± 0.80, HR은 143.43 ± 0.76, LS는 103.22 ± 0.68, SS는 102.79 ± 0.84로 나타났으며, ESD의 평균값은 AEC의 경우 30.28 ± 0.50 µGy, VR은 30.16 ± 0.44 µGy, HR은 30.30 ± 0.46 µGy, LS는 30.23 ± 0.46 µGy, SS는 30.28 ± 0.51 µGy으로 측정되었다. 본 연구 결과, EI는 제조사에서 권고하는 AEC 모드를 기준으로 VR (25.7%)과 LS (23.9%), SS (24.2%)모드는 감소하였으며, HR 모드는 5.7% 증가하였다. 하지만, ESD는 Sub-ROI 변화에 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러므로 임상에서 Chest PA 검사 시 Sub-ROI에 따라서 EI가 변경될 수 있으니, 임상에서는 이점을 유의하여 검사조건 설정 시 Sub-ROI를 적절하게 사용해야 한다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2015

Objective : To investigate the risks and pattern of evolution of peritumoral brain edema (PTE) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for asymptomatic intracranial meningiomas. Methods : A retrospective study was conducted on 320 patients (median age 56 years, range 24-87 years) who underwent primary Gamma Knife radiosurgery for asymptomatic meningiomas between 1998 and 2012. The median tumor volume was 2.7 cc (range 0.2-10.5 cc) and the median follow-up was 48 months (range 24-168 months). Volumetric data sets for tumors and PTE on serial MRIs were analyzed. The edema index (EI) was defined as the ratio of the volume of PTE including tumor to the tumor volume, and the relative edema indices (rEIs) were calculated from serial EIs normalized against the baseline EI. Risk factors for PTE were analyzed using logistic regression. Results : Newly developed or increased PTE was noted in 49 patients (15.3%), among whom it was symptomatic in 28 patients (8.8%). Tumor volume larger than 4.2 cc (p<0.001), hemispheric tumor location (p=0.005), and pre-treatment PTE (p<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of PTE. rEI reached its maximum value at 11 months after SRS and decreased thereafter, and symptoms resolved within 24 months in most patients (85.7%). Conclusion : Caution should be exercised in decision-making on SRS for asymptomatic meningiomas of large volume (>4.2 cc), of hemispheric location, or with pre-treatment PTE. PTE usually develops within months, reaches its maximum degree until a year, and resolves within 2 years after SRS.