• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2023

Purpose: To accommodate the increasing number of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous portable HEPA filter units (PHUs) were installed in the general wards of existing medical facilities(EMFs) to convert them into emergency conversion facilities (ECFs). The purpose of this study was to build a dataset in preparation for emerging infectious diseases in the post-COVID-19 era by analyzing the construction and operation of ECFs. Methods: Field investigations were conducted during ECF operation periods based on the analysis of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HAVC) system design documents for six ECFs across Korea. Interviews were conducted with facility managers during the field investigations. Results: When constructing an ECF within an EMF, the installation status and characteristics of the existing system should be considered. Field investigations and verifications of the operation of HAVC systems must be conducted beforehand for smooth ECF operations. If heating and cooling are required with indoor air circulation type equipment in an ECF zone, the implementation of a heating and cooling method that can satisfy the comfort requirements of the occupants while minimizing cross-contamination is essential. When using PHUs that do not meet the performance standards required by medical equipment, the noise level resulting from such equipment operation must be evaluated and improved. Implications: For EMFs, various guidelines that can be referred to for the construction and operation of ECFs must be developed to prepare for emerging infectious diseases in the future.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.441-453
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• 2024

Sinkhole subsidence and collapse is a common geohazard often formed in karst areas such as the state of Florida, United States of America. To predict the sinkhole occurrence, we need to understand the formation mechanism of sinkhole and its karst hydrogeology. For this purpose, investigating the factors affecting sinkholes is an essential and important step. The main objectives of the presenting study are (1) the development of a machine learning (ML)-based model, namely C5.0 decision tree (C5.0 DT), for the prediction of sinkhole susceptibility, which accounts for sinkhole/subsidence inventory and sinkhole contributing factors (e.g., geological/hydrogeological) and (2) the construction of a regional-scale sinkhole susceptibility map. The study area is east central Florida (ECF) where a cover-collapse type is commonly reported. The C5.0 DT algorithm was used to account for twelve (12) identified hydrogeological factors. In this study, a total of 1,113 sinkholes in ECF were identified and the dataset was then randomly divided into 70% and 30% subsets for training and testing, respectively. The performance of the sinkhole susceptibility model was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, particularly the area under the curve (AUC). The C5.0 model showed a high prediction accuracy of 83.52%. It is concluded that a decision tree is a promising tool and classifier for spatial prediction of karst sinkholes and subsidence in the ECF area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.978-979
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• 2005

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

Soda-AQ pulp made from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and oil palm trunk (OPT) were bleached in element chlorine free (ECF) sequence. Bleached SCB and OPT pulp was achieve higher brightness than 85.0% ISO. Viscosity of SCB bleached pulp and OPT bleached pulp were achieved 18-27 cPs and 18-26 cPs. In 7.8% active chlorine dioxide addition, bleached SCB pulp was shown 88.7% ISO brightness and 20.4 cPs viscosity. And bleached OPT pulp was shown 88.5% ISO brightness and 18.8 cPs viscosity with 7.8% active chlorine dioxide addition.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.18-27
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• 2011

Egyptian construction firms (ECF) started recently to adopt quality management system (QMS) as a way to develop and improve their performance as previous studies have shown. However, considering all the firm's aspects in a competitive way is a crucial process for the ECF's culture. This research is trying to indicate the role of the QMS implementation in measuring performance (MP) through developing a model for measuring performance at the organizational level, and to explore its impact on the organizations that adopt QMS. This model is based on specific elements and their related indicators which have been derived from national approaches and models of MP. This model determines the performance level (PL) of the organization that is measured by means of a point system. Weights of the elements in the point system considered both the elements' importance in the international models and its real practice in the ECFs. This model has been validated using another questionnaire and the majority of surveyed experts agreed that the proposed model can be applied effectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.331-336
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• 2006

The aim of this work was to inhibit the heat-and moisture-induced yellowing of ECF/TCF bleached hard wood kraft pulp (HBKP) retaining hexenuronic acid (HexA). We have already reported that one of the derivatives of HexA, 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), causes yellowing of HBKP in acidic paper, and that FFA might polymerize or react with pulp components to form new chromophoric groups (1). In this study, it was shown that the carboxylic base of FFA interacts with that of glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, resulting in strong yellowing. Therefore, it seems that preventing the reaction of carboxylic bases could be effective in suppressing this yellowing. We have discovered that polycarboxylic acids (for example, citric acid, tartaric acid, etc.) are useful as a yellowing inhibitor.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

In this study, bioelectrical impedance analysis, which has been used to assess an alteration in intracellular fluid (ICF) of the body, was applied to detect intravenous infiltration. The experimental results are described as follows. Firstly, when infiltration occurred, the resistance gradually decreased with time and frequency i.e., the resistance decreased with increasing time, proportional to the amount of infiltrated intravenous (IV) solution. At each frequency, the resistance gradually decreased with time, indicating the IV solution (also blood) accumulated in the extracellular fluid (ECF) (including interstitial fluid). Secondly, the resistance ratio started to increase at infiltration, showing the highest value after 1.4 min of infiltration, and gradually decreased thereafter. Thirdly, the impedance ($Z_C$) of cell membrane decreased significantly (especially at 50 kHz) during infiltration and gradually decreased thereafter. Fourthly, Cole-Cole plot indicated that the positions of (R, $X_C$) shifted toward left owing to infiltration, reflecting the IV solution accumulated in the ECF. The resistance ($R_0$) at zero frequency decreased continuously over time, indicating that it is a vital impedance parameter capable of detecting early infiltration during IV infusion. Finally, the mechanism of the current flowing through the ECF, cell membrane, and ICF in the subcutaneous tissues was analyzed as a function of time before and after infiltration, using an equivalent circuit model of the human cell. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the infiltration could be detected early using these impedance parameters during the infusion of IV solution.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.368-376
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• 2014

In order to measure the segmental impedance of the body, a bioelectrical impedance measurement system (BIMS) using multi-frequency applying method and two-electrode method was implemented in this study. The BIMS was composed of constant current source, automatic gain control, and multi-frequency generation units. Three experiments were performed using the BIMS and a commercial impedance analyzer (CIA). First, in order to evaluate the performance of the BIMS, four RC circuits connected with a resistor and capacitor in serial and/or parallel were composed. Bioelectrical impedance (BI) was measured by applying multi-frequencies -5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 500 KHz - to each circuit. BI values measured by the BIMS were in good agreement with those obtained by the CIA for four RC circuits. Second, after measuring BI at each frequency by applying multi-frequency to the left and right forearm and the popliteal region of the body, BI values measured by the BIMS were compared to those acquired by the CIA. Third, when the distance between electrodes was changed to 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 cm, BI by the BIMS was also compared to BI from the CIA. In addition, BI of extracellular fluid (ECF) was measured at each frequency ranging from 10 to 500 KHz. BI of intracellular fluid (ICF) was calculated by subtracting BI of ECF measured at 500 kHZ from BI measured at seven frequencies ranging from 50 to 500 KHz. BI of ICF and ECF decreased as the frequency increased. BI of ICF sharply decreased at frequencies above 300 KHz.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2012

Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out whether if there is correlation between the pattern differentiation questionnaire and edema index of body composition analysis. Methods The authors obtained results of pattern differentiation Questionnaires and body composition analysis tests from 195 female patients who visited the Oriental gynecology department in Kyung Hee university Oriental medicine hospital at Gang-dong. The authors conducted correlation analysis between indicators of Body composition analysis and each part of the pattern differentiation Questionnaire. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on SPSS version 13.0 for windows. Results There was negative correlation between the Phlegm Questionnaire and right arm ECF, left arm ECF, and left arm ECW of the Body composition index. There was no correlation between Yin-deficiency Questionnaire and Body composition index. There was no correlation between Heat pattern Questionnaire and Body composition index. There was positive correlation between the Cold pattern Questionnaire and right leg ECF, and right leg ECW of the body composition index. There was no correlation between degree of edema self-awareness and Body composition index. Conclusions The result showed that each Questionnaire score has different correlation or even no correlation with Body composition index and degree of edema self-awareness. Further studies are needed for a better understanding and interpretation of the relationship between edema index on Body composition analysis and Questionnaires.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

The performance measurement of construction firms is considered as a competitive advantage to develop and improve their performance to have place in the market and stay able to face the continuous challenge. Egyptian construction firms (ECF) started recently to adopt quality management system (QMS) as a way to develop and improve their performance as previous studies showed. However, measuring that performance to include all the firm's aspects in a competitive way is a crucial process for the ECF's culture. The research is trying to indicate the role of the QMS implementation in measuring performance (MP) through developing a model for measuring performance on the organization level, and explore its impact on the organization that adopt quality management system. This model is based on specific elements and their related indicators which have been derived from national approaches and models of measuring performance (benchmarking, quality awards and six sigma).Elements determination and the status of their real practice has been investigated through a questionnaire to a representative sample of ECF. This model determines the performance level (PL) of the organization that measured by a mean of a point system. Weights of the elements in the point system considered both the elements' importance in the international models and its real practice in the Egyptian construction firms. So, the final outcome of the model reveals the level of firm performance that helps the firm to identify the weak points against the strong ones, Confirm the priorities and identify new opportunities for developing, and Check the position of the company in the market among the others. Another questionnaire has been developed to be distributed on a group of Experts on measuring performance for the purpose of model validation. The majority of surveyed experts agreed that the proposed model can be applied effectively.