• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2001

In order to find out the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on soil pH, EC, $NO_3-N$ and lettuce growth, this study was conducted by pot experiment in plastic film house condition. The square-pot which was $42{\times}54.5{\times}22cm$ in length, width and height, respectively, was filled with two kinds of soils in different soil EC as $0.20dS\;m^{-1}$ and $1.13dS\;m^{-1}$. Seven kinds of nitrogen fertilizers (urea, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, complex fertilizer A(11-10-10) and complex fertilizer B(12-12-12)) were treated in same standard rate of nitrogen for lettuce, transplanted the six lettuce seedlings of 10 days grown per pot, and have been grown for 38~44 days with three times harvesting. Soil pH was increased with the potassium and calcium nitrate treatments and decreased with ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, complex fertilzer A and B, and the pH of urea treatments was kept the same value as the pH of before experiment. The growing status of lettuce seedling were surveyed during the early period after transplanting and withering of seedling was occured in all treatments. The withering rates were 10% in soil of EC $0.20dS\;m^{-1}$ and 44% and 42% in complex fertilizer and ammonium sulphate treaments, respectively, in soil of EC $1.13dS\;m^{-1}$. $NO{_3}^-$ contents of lettuce were about $1,000{\sim}2,000mg\;kg^{-1}$ based on fresh weight and these contents were considered to be lower to compare the $NO{_3}^-$ level of EU countries.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 1997

Water quality of streams and ground water from areas of different agricultural practices in the small catchments of the Han River basin was investigated. Water samples were collected from upper, middle and lower reaches of the Han River Basin where three types of agricultural management have been practiced : (1) highland agriculture and livestocks in Daegwanryung area, (2) typical upland and paddy farmings in Dunnae (Jucheon River) and Chuncheon (Soyang River) areas, and (3) intensive farming in the plastic film house in Guri area (Wangsuk stream). Water quality was monitored for EC, pH, COD, TSS, N, rations and anions. Concentrations of N, especially nitrate, and phosphorus in both stream and ground water exceeded the standard water quality criteria in many cases, but those of heavy metals were non-detectable or trace in most cases, except for Wangsuk stream where a high level was detected in a specific sampling time. Chemical criteria such as pH, EC and COD of the stream were suitable for irrigation purpose, but nitrate concentrations in ground water used in the intensive plastic film house were high enough to require a special management consideration. A model on the irrigation water quality incorporating EC and nitrate concentrations was suggested in view of fertilizer management and environmental quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the exposure levels of forklift operators to diesel engine exhaust(DEE) using black carbon(BC), elemental carbon(EC), and nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$) as indicators. Methods: A total of eight forklift operators in six collection companies were assessed over a period of two months from July to September 2015. BC was measured using a real-time monitor and respirable EC samples were analyzed using the NIOSH method 5040. $NO_2$ samples were collected using a passive badge-type sampler. Results: The geometric mean of BC, EC and $NO_2$ were $3.1-19.1{\mu}g/m^3$, $2.1-23.8{\mu}g/m^3$, and 12.5-166.6 ppb at all companies. When forklifts were operating both outside and inside, BC concentrations increased 2.0-5.6 times. The highest increase was observed when forklifts were operating indoors. The increase in BC concentrations varied by company(company A: 2.0 times, B: 3.2 times, C: 5.6 times, D: 2.1 times, E: 5.1 times, F: 2.6 times). The geometric mean of BC, EC, and $NO_2$ for the forklift operators was $9.6{\mu}g/m^3$, $7.9{\mu}g/m^3$, and 48.9 ppb, respectively. The geometric mean of BC, EC, and $NO_2$ for manufacturing workers was $9.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.9{\mu}g/m^3$, and 85.2 ppb, respectively. The mean BC and EC exposure levels for the forklift operators were slightly higher than those for manufacturing workers, but $NO_2$ levels for manufacturing workers were higher than those for the forklift operators(p>0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that diesel exhaust emissions standard, forklift weight and forklift manufacturer were the most influential factors in determining worker exposure. Conclusions: In the DEE work environment, workers who perform tasks within the workplace as well as inside forklifts as operators are likely to be exposed to a lack of ventilation. Further study of forklift operators' exposure to DEE indicators should be conducted to include a wider range of occupational and environmental situations, such as collection procedures, seasonal situations, types of fuel used, and number of forklifts.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.78-83
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 건설CALS/EC 기반의 정보화 추진을 위한 정보시스템을 개발할 때 적용되는 기존의 소프트웨어 개발방법론의 문제점을 분석하고, 표준화되지 않은 개발방법론의 적용으로 시스템 개발에 비효율적인 비용을 투자하는 문제점과 특성상 입찰, 구매, 계약 등 분야별로 상이한 기능의 업무에 따라 구축되는 건설산업 정보화에 있어서 상호간에 데이터 및 프로세스를 원활히 통합하지 못하므로 인하여 발생되는 개발의 중복성, 정보 활용의 비효율성 등의 문제점을 개선하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 최근 새로이 부각되고 있는 방법론인 컴포넌트 기반 개발방법론(CBD: Component-Based Development)을 사용하여 건선CALS/EC 표준지침 웹서비스를 위한 시스템의 업무프로세스를 모델링하여 사용자가 쉽게 재사용가능하고 타업무분야에 확대 가능한 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 기존의 소프트웨어 개발 방법론의 적용상 문제점 분석을 통하여 컴포넌트 기반 개발방법론의 필요성을 증명하고 비즈니스 컴포넌트 프레임워크를 사용하여 건설 CALS/EC 표준지침 웹서비스의 업무프로세스에 적용할 기술적인 방법론을 고찰하고 업무에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있는 업무프로세스 컴포넌트를 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 컴포넌트 모델은 향후 타업무분야의 시스템을 개발할 때 사용자요구분석 단계부터 별도의 재 작업이 없이 사용될 수 있으며 시스템을 구현할 때 개발 모듈의 중복방지와 용이한 비즈니스로직의 변경 등이 가능하며, 추가의 업무 프로세스나 연관된 다른 분야의 업무프로세스의 반영 및 추가 시 컴포넌트의 활동모델을 쉽게 수정하여 정의함으로써 쉽게 시스템의 기능을 확장할 수 있다.LE 산정에 관한 지속적인 실험적 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다. 증가할 것이다. 또한 부분육을 이용한 완전제품, 적색육제품, 유기농이나 별미식 제품과 같은 형태의 다양한 포장육 제품이 도입 될 것으로 생각되어진다.e in vitro SPF test method will be able to be used as an alternative method for in vivo SPF in case of lotion and cream. replica. A statistically significant improvement of Star Fruit Leaf Extract BG30-treated site was seen in decreased wrinkles. Star Fruit Leaf Extract BG30 results in clinically visible improvement in wrinkling when used topically for 5 weeks. 또한 관계마케팅, CRM 등의 이론적 배경이 되고 있는 신뢰와 결속의 중요성이 재확인하는 결과도 의의라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 신뢰는 양사 간의 상호관계에서 조성될 수 있는 특성을 가진 반면, 결속은 계약관계 초기단계에서 성문화하고 규정화 할 수 있는 변수의 성격이 강하다고 할 수가 있다. 본 연구는 복잡한 기업간 관계를 지나치게 협력적 측면에서만 규명했기 때문에 많은 측면을 간과할 가능성이 있다. 또한 방법론적으로 일방향의 시각만을 고려했고, 횡단적 조사를 통하고 국내의 한 서비스제공업체와 관련이 있는 컨텐츠 공급파트너만의 시각을 검증했기 때문에 해석에서 유의할 필요가 있다. 또한 타당성확보 노력을 기하였지만 측정도구

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.551-565
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• 2019

A total of 36 carbon steel and stainless steel bolted connections subjected to shear loading at different strain rates was experimentally investigated. The connection specimens were fabricated from carbon steel grades 1.20 mm G500 and 1.90 mm G450, as well as cold-formed stainless steel types EN 1.4301 and EN 1.4162 with nominal thickness 1.50 mm. The connection tests were conducted by displacement control test method. The strain rates of 10 mm/min and 20 mm/min were used. Structural behaviour of the connection specimens tested at different strain rates was investigated in terms of ultimate load, elongation corresponding to ultimate load and failure mode. Generally, it is shown that the higher strain rate on the bolted connection specimens, the higher ultimate load was obtained. The ultimate loads were averagely 2-6% higher, while the corresponding elongations were averagely 8-9% higher for the test results obtained from the strain rate of 20 mm/min compared with those obtained from the lower strain rates (1.0 mm/min for carbon steel and 1.5 mm/min for stainless steel). The connection specimens were generally failed in plate bearing of the carbon steel and stainless steel. It is shown that increasing the strain rate up to 20 mm/min generally has no effect on the bearing failure mode of the carbon steel and stainless steel bolted connections. The test strengths and failure modes were compared with the results predicted by the bolted connection design rules in international design specifications, including the Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS4600 2018), Eurocode 3 - Part 1.3 (EC3-1.3 2006) and North American Specification (AISI S100 2016) for cold-formed carbon steel structures as well as the American Specification (ASCE 2002), AS/NZS4673 (2001) and Eurocode 3 - Part 1.4 (EC3-1.4 2015) for stainless steel structures. It is shown that the AS/NZS4600 (2018), EC3-1.3 (2006) and AISI S100 (2016) generally provide conservative predictions for the carbon steel bolted connections. Both the ASCE (2002) and the EC3-1.4 (2015) provide conservative predictions for the stainless steel bolted connections. The EC3-1.3 (2006) generally provided more accurate predictions of failure mode for carbon steel bolted connections than the AS/NZS4600 (2018) and the AISI S100 (2016). The failure modes of stainless steel bolted connections predicted by the EC3-1.4 (2015) are more consistent with the test results compared with those predicted by the ASCE (2002).

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.831-834
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• 2003

본 논문에서 기술하고 있는 디블로킹 필터는 ISO/1EC 14496-2 의 디블로킹 필터링 알고리즘[1][2]을 기반으로 한다. 한 개의 레지스터 뱅크를 이용한 효율적인 데이터 스케줄링을 통해 면적과 전력 측면에서 디블로킹 필터를 사용함으로써 생기는 오버헤드를 최소화 시켰으며, CIF 급 영상을 27MHz 동작주파수에서 실시간으로 처리할 수 있도록 설계 하였다. 0.25㎛ Standard Cell Library 로 합성한 결과 총 9800 게이트로 구성 되었으며, 외부 메모리의 도움 없이 동작 시키기 위해 4.4KByte의 버퍼가 사용되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.369-372
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• 2004

This study presents the hydrogeochmical investigation to know the effect of geology and sources for water quality in small potable water supply system at rural area. The results of water quality in Geumsan area showed the 3.2% of water samples exceeded the limit of drinking water standard by bacteria. The hydrochemical investigation results indicated the high EC, Ca and HCO$_3$ in surface water and metasedimentary rocks and this is caused by the dissolution of calc-slicate minerals of metasedimentary rocks.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.137-153
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• 1997

The acceptance of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in the industries is essential to enhance the enterprise-wide productivity and global competitiveness. In this study, we first describe the needs for the ERP system and the structural backgrounds of the system. Then we suggest our strategies for the implementation of the standard ERP system under the small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.776-777
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• 2013

디지털 수량산출정보 교환표준" 건설CALS/EC 체계 내에서 사용되는 공정 공사비 관리를 위한 디지털 수량산출정보 관련 표준의 기본 요건을 정의하고 참여주체간의 효율적인 수량산출정보의 교환 및 공유기반을 마련함을 목적으로 2011년 4월에 제정되었다. 해당표준의 활용성과 확장을 위하여 스키마를 추가 개발하며, 건설사업관리시스템과 연동하여 사업참여 주체간 정보공유와 관리가 가능하도록 하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.280-287
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• 2003

To assess the risk of pesticides on earthworm, the acute toxicities of 10 pesticides were investigated and their toxicity exposure ratios(TERs) were calculated. As the TERs of paraquat dichloride and pendimethalin were more than 100, their risks were rated negligible. Risk of benfuracarb, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, endosulfan, isazofos and parathion which have TERs of $10\sim100$ were rated low. However, risk of imidacloprid and phorate which have TER of less than 10 were estimated highly to need a reproduction study. Earthworms were exposed to twenty two pesticides including dazomet 98% GR having PECs of more than $5mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in artificial soil at standard and double dose for 14 days. All the earthworms exposed to dazomet 98% GR and metam-sodium 25% SL were died to show their high risk, while no serious adverse effects were observed in the soil treated with 15 pesticides, calcite 95% WP, calcium polysulfide 36% CF, chlorothalonil 75% WP, daminozide 85% WP, dichlonil 6.7% GR, etridiazole 25% EC, fosetyl-Al 80% WP, glyphosate 41 % SL, hymexazol 30% SL, iprodione 50% WP, machine oil 95% EC, mancozeb 75% WP, propineb 70% WP, terbuthylazine 80% WP and triazophos 40% EC. In case of thiophanate-methyl 70% WP, copper hydroxide 77% WP, dimethoate 46% EC, tolclofos-methyl 50% WP and propamocarb hydrochloride 67% SL, any effect did not show clearly, suggesting an additional subchronic toxicity study. The risk of thiophanate-methyl 70% WP to earthworm was estimated high, considering its subchronic effect, while effects of copper hydroxide 77% WP, dimethoate 46% EC, tolclofos-methyl 50% WP and propamocarb hydrochloride 67% SL to earthworms were negligible, considering no adverse effects in subchronic tests.