• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.765-769
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• 2009

Recent studies have reported that the distribution of HPV-16 sequence variation differs geographically, and more specifically that HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants might carry a high risk for development of ICC (invasive cervical cancer) and CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) in a given population. To investigate the genetic diversities of HPV-16 E6/E7 oncogene by region, we collected nineteen HPV-16 isolates from sexually high-risk women in Busan, and analyzed the HPV-16 E6/E7 coding regions (nt 34 to 880) with HPV-16 E6/E7 specific PCR amplification. At the nucleotide levet eleven variants of the E6 genes and nine variants of the E7 genes were identified as follows: E6 T178G (n=l1), E6 T178A (n=l), E6 T350G (n=3), E6 A442C (n=2), E6 AI04T, E6 All1G, E6 C116T, E6 G145T, E6 T183G, E6 C335T, E6 G522C and E7 A647G (n=12), E7 A645C, E7 A777C, E7 G663A, E7 T732C, E7 T760C, E7 A775T, E7 T789C and E7 T795G, respectively. At the amino acid levet the isolated HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes showed eleven E6 variants: E6 D25E (n=12), E6 L83V (n=4), E6 E113D (n=2), E6 MIL, E6 Q3R, E6 P5S, E6 Q14H, E6 D25N, E6 127R, E6 H78Y, E6 C140S and three E7 variants: N29S (n=12), L28F, T72S. HPV16 E6 L83V, the dominant variant in the Caucasian population, showed relatively low frequencies in our study population. We elucidated that the dominant HPV-16 E6/E7 variants were HPV-16 E6 D25E (63.2%) and HPV-16 E7 N29S (63.2%), which were phylogenetically included in Asian lineage. Further study is needed to evaluate the risk of cervical cancer related HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants in the Korean population.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2021

We report, for the first time, the afternoon (i.e., from noon to sunset time) observations of the northern mid-latitude E-region field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) made by the very high frequency (VHF) coherent backscatter radar operated continuously since 29 December 2009 at Daejeon (36.18°N, 127.14°E, 26.7°N dip latitude) in South Korea. We present the statistical characteristics of the mid-latitude afternoon E-region FAIs based on the continuous radar observations. Echo signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the afternoon E-region FAIs is found to be as high as 35 dB, mostly occurring around 100-135 km altitudes. Most spectral widths of the afternoon echoes are close to zero, indicating that the irregularities during the afternoon time are not related to turbulent plasma motions. The occurrence of afternoon E-regional FAI is observed with significant seasonal variation, with a maximum in summer and a minimum in winter. Furthermore, to investigate the afternoon E-region FAIs-Sporadic E (E_s) relationship, the FAIs have also been compared with E_s parameters based on observations made from an ionosonde located at Icheon (37.14°N, 127.54°E, 27.7°N dip latitude), which is 100 km north of Daejeon. The virtual height of E_s (h'E_s) is mainly in the height range of 105 km to 110 km, which is 5 km to 10 km greater than the bottom of the FAI. There is no relationship between the FAI SNR and the highest frequencies (f_tE_s) (or blanket frequencies (f_bE_s)). SNR of FAIs, however, is found to be related well with (f_tE_s-f_bE_s).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 1989

Twenty-four Hereford steers, 22 months old and a mean liveweight (${\pm}\;s.e.$) of $250\;{\pm}\;7\;kg$ were used in an experiment to evaluate over 42 days two rates of copra meal supplementation to cattle on a low N ($8.6\;{\pm}\;0.9$ g N/kg dry matter (DM)), low digestible ($45\;{\pm}\;5.2%$ DM) native pasture hay. Steers given the two rates (500, 1000 g/steer/day; i.e. 500C, 1000C) were compared to steers on a non-supplemental diet and to the effects on steers of supplemental urea (30g/steer/day; 30U) or with copra meal (500 g/steer/day; 500C.U), or of cottonseed meal (500 g/steer/day; 500S). Liveweight change was increased (P<0.01) by all of the supplements except by supplemental urea. The most effective treatment, 1000C, increased significantly (P<0.01) liveweight change (946 g/day) in steers above all supplements except those steers given 500C.U (718 g/day). Hay intake per unit liveweight was increased (P<0.05) by 7% by the 30U and 500C.U treatment, and by 9% by 500C; this group having the highest supplements, being greatest (P<0.05) for the 1000C group (6.0 g feed intake/g gain) and least for the 500S supplemented group (11.5 g/g gain). Efficiency was lowest (18.6 g/g gain) for the non-supplemented steers on the basal hay diet. Copra meal N was less degradable (i.e. 29%) in nylon bags over 15 hours in the rumen than was cottonseed meal N (37%), and rumen ammonia concentrations were lower (P<0.05) in cattle supplemented with copra meal (25, 27 mg N/L) than in cattle given urea (36 mg N/L) or cottonseed meal (39 mg N/L). It is concluded that copra meal at a daily rate of 500 g/head, and with rumen soluble nitrogen from urea, is an effective supplement for improving growth of cattle on a low quality forage.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.628-633
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• 1996

Large saturation magnetization $4pM_s$ is essentially required for soft magnetic thin layers used in magnetic recording devices. Amorphous Co-based alloys and Fe-Co alloys may be regarded as one of the candidates for soft magnetic materials which possess large $4\piM_s$. Some preparation process to improve soft magnetism of these films were performed in this study. Addition of Ta seemed to be effective to change the magnetostriction constant $\lambda$ from positive value to negative one. The magnetoelastic energy $K_e$ is strongly dependent on $\lambda$. $(Co_{95.7}Zr_{4.3})_{100-x}Ta_x$ films with $K_e$ of negative value have sufficiently soft magnetic characteristics. $Fe_{90}Co_{10}$ alloy exhibits extremely large $4\piM_s$, of about 24 kG. Addition of N and Ta to $Fe_{90}Co_{10}$ films improved the soft magnetism of them. The $Fe_{82.0}Co_{7.6}Ta_{10.4}$:N/Ti multilayered films exhibit better soft magnetic properties and better thermal stability than Fe-Co-Ta:N singlelayer films.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-182
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• 2007

The objective of this paper is to examine the competitiveness of Korean export firms in EU market. In this study, market share index, RCA index, trade specialization index, and market competitiveness index were used as an analytical tool. On the market share index, Korea had a large market share in the SITC section 7(machinery and transport equipment) market in EU. On the RCA index, Korea appeared to have high export competitiveness in the electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s.(not elsewhere specified[stated]), and electrical parts thereof (77), travel goods, handbags and similar containers(83), textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products(65), and iron and steel(67) division. On the trade specialization index, however, Korea appeared to tend to decline generally. On the market competitiveness index, Korea appeared to have competitive advantage in the iron and steel(67), machinery specialized for particular industries(72), office machines and automatic data-processing machines(75), electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof(77), road vehicles(78), and other transport equipment(79) division; but in 29 divisions, the index indicates that Korean firms' competitiveness was low. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of these findings and offer directions for future study.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.1111-1115
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• 2006

Hereditary pancreatitis is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by recurrent episodes of pancreatitis, often beginning in childhood, with a positive family history involving at least two other affected family members with no known other precipitating factors. Most forms of hereditary pancreatitis are caused by one of two common mutations, i.e., R122H in exon 3 and N29I in exon 2 of the cationic trypsinogen (CT) (PRSS1) gene, located on chromosome 7. The authors describe the case of a 15-year-old boy who had suffered from recurrent attacks of pancreatitis since age three. His mother and grandmother had chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus. Mutation analysis was performed on the family due to the suspicion of hereditary pancreatitis. The CT gene was analyzed in DNA samples extracted from the peripheral blood of three family members, the mother, the proband, and the proband's sister. Two members of the family, the mother and the proband, were found to have a N29I mutation in the CT gene. The authors document the first family with hereditary pancreatitis associated with the N29I mutation in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.216-223
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• 2019

This study was conducted to measure the changes in the geological and soil properties following slow-moving landslide events in Yangbuk-myun and Gyungju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The geological characteristics of the study site comprised black shale in the Gyeongsang nodal group formed in the Cretaceous period and quartz feldspar carcinoma in the east side with conglomerate in the Yeonil group formed in the Quaternary period. The study site exhibited the geologic characteristics of a slow-moving landslide with severely weathered rocks. The maximum collapsing depth of the slow-moving landslide was 12.0 m with colluvial deposits. The strike and joint aspects in the slope areas of the slow-moving landslides were $N46^{\circ}E$ in lower slope and $N62^{\circ}E$ in upper slope, respectively. Soil hardness of ${\leq}20cm$ deep was not measured because of the completely disturbed soil resulting from soil creeping. Soil from 25 to 90 cm deep was 1.4-4.7 times softer in the slow-moving landslide areas than in the undisturbed or natural forests. Soil bulk density was $1.24-1.29g/cm^3$ in land creep areas. Soil bulk in both areas was 1.6 times denser than that in the natural forest. The soil pore space was 51.5-53.3% in the land creep areas. The values are 1.3-1.4 times lower than those within the natural forest. Black shale areas showed the lowest coefficient of permeability (8.75 E-06 cm/s) and mesopore ratio (pF 2.7: 9.8%) compared with those resulting from other study areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.29A no.10
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• pp.35-41
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• 1992

Ultra-thin silicon nitride films were fabricated with ECR(Electron cyclotron Resonance) nitrogen plasma at room temperature. Film thickness was about 50$\AA$ after nitridation for 1min at microwave power of 1000W, RF power of 500W, and NS12T pressure of ${\times}10^{-3}$ torr. 50$\AA$ fo nitride film was grown within 1 min and no appreciable growth occured thereafter. Dielectric breakdown strength and leakage current density in Al/SiN/Si structure were measured to be about 7-11 MV/cm and ${\times}10^{-10}~5{\times}10^{-10}A/cm^{2}$, respectively. Observed linear relationship in 1n(J/E)-vs-E$^{1/2}$ and no polarity-dependence of the leakage current indicated that the Poole-Frenkel emission is mainly responsible for the conduction in this nitrided silicon films.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary sulfur (S) and vitamin E (Vit E) supplementation on the quality of beef from longissimus muscle of Hanwoo bulls. Eleven, 29 months-aged Hanwoo bulls were randomly divided into three feed supplementation groups (S (n = 4), Vit E (n = 4) and S+Vit E (n = 3)). S was given as much as 12 g/head/d and Vit E was given as much as 1,200 IU/head/d; both supplements were given for 3 months prior to slaughter. At 24 h post-slaughter, the carcasses were weighed and evaluated by official grader for carcass traits. At 48 h post-slaughter, the M. longissimus from each carcass was collected and stored at $4{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. There were no significant differences in yield and quality grades of carcass and proximate composition, physical properties and aroma pattern of meat among all groups. At 5 days of storage, the TBARS value of meat from cattle with S+Vit E supplementation was significantly lower (p<0.05) than other groups; and at 10 days of storage, the TBARS value of meat from cattle with Vit E and S+Vit E supplementations was significantly lower (p<0.05) than from cattle with S supplementation. At 5 days of storage, MetMb concentration of meat from cattle with S+Vit E supplementation was significantly lower (p<0.05) than from cattle with Vit E supplementation; and at 10 days of storage, MetMb concentration of meat from cattle with S+Vit E supplementation was significantly lower (p<0.05) than from other groups. At 10 days of storage, the redness value of meat from cattle with S supplementation was significantly higher (p<0.05) than from cattle with Vit E supplementation and the hue-angle value of meat from cattle with S and S+Vit E supplementations was significantly lower (p<0.05) than from cattle with Vit E supplementation. Dietary Vit E supplementation had a better effect on lipid stability whereas dietary S supplementation had a better effect on OxyMb stability. The dietary combination of S and Vit E created the highest protection for beef from myoglobin oxidation and thus improved the color stability of meat.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.414-423
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• 2016

In the present study, the $CuN_x-Cu-CuN_x$ layer the partial pressure ratio Cu metal of Ar and $N_2$ gas using a DC magnetron sputtering device, was generated by the In-situ method. $CuN_x$ layer was able to obtain a surface reflectance reduction effect from the advantages of the process and the external light. $CuN_x$ layer is gas partial pressure, DC the Power, the deposition time variable transmittance in response to the thickness and partial pressure ratio, the reflectance was measured. $Ar:N_2$ gas ratio 10:10(sccm), DC power 0.35 A, was derived Deposition time 90 sec optimum conditions. Thus, according to the optimal thickness and the composition ratio was derived surface reflectance of 20.75%. In addition, to derive the value of ${\Delta}$ Ra surface roughness of 0.467. It was derived $CuN_x$ band-gap energy of about 2.2 eV. Thus, to ensure a thickness and process conditions can be absorbed to maximize the light in a wavelength band in the visible light region. As a result, the implementation of the $12k{\Omega}$ base line resistance of using the Cu metal. This is, 5 inch Metal mesh TSP(L/S: $4/270{\mu}m$) is in the range of the reference operation.