References
- Ecklund WL, Carter DA, Balsley BB, Gradient drift irregularities in mid-latitude sporadic E, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 858-862 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1029/JA086iA02p00858
- Fejer BG, Kelley MC, Ionospheric irregularities, Rev. Geophys. 18, 401-454, (1980). http://doi.org/10.1029/RG018i002p00401
- Fukao S, Oliver WL, Onishi Y, Takami T, Sato T, et al., F-region seasonal behavior as measured by the MU radar, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 53, 599-618, (1991). http://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(91)90088-O
- Fukao S, Sato T, Tsuda T, Kato S, Wakasugi K, et al., The MU radar with an active phased array system: 1. antenna and power amplifiers, Radio Sci. 20, 1155-1168 (1985a). https://doi.org/10.1029/RS020i006p01155
- Fukao S, Tsuda T, Sato T, Kato S, Wakasugi K, et al., The MU radar with an active phased array system: 2. in-house equipment, Radio Sci. 20, 1169-1176 (1985b). https://doi.org/10.1029/RS020i006p01169
- Fukao S, Yamamoto M, Tsunoda, RT, Hayakawa H, The SEEK (Sporadic-E Experiment over Kyushu) campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1761-1764 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL00932
- Haldoupis C, A review of radio studies of auroral E region ionospheric irregularities, Ann. Geophys. 7, 239-258, (1989).
- Hussey GC, Schlegel K, Haldoupis C, Simultaneous 50-MHz coherent backscatter and digital ionosonde observations in the midlatitude E region, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 6991-7001 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA03089
- Kwak YS, Yang TY, Kil H, Phanikumar DV, Heo BH, et al., Characteristics of the E- and F-region field-aligned irregularities in middle latitudes: initial results obtained from the Daejeon 40.8 MHz VHF radar in South Korea, J. Astron. Space Sci. 31, 15-23 (2014). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2014.31.1.15
- Lee CC, Liu JY, Pan CJ, Igarashi K, The heights of sporadic-E layer simultaneously observed by the VHF radar and ionosondes in Chung-Li, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 641-644 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL003713
- Maruyama T, Saito S, Yamamoto M, Fukao S, Simultaneous observation of sporadic E with a rapid-run ionosonde and VHF coherent backscatter radar, Ann. Geophys. 24, 153-162 (2006). https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-153-2006
- Ogawa T, Takahashi O, Otsuka Y, Nozaki K, Yamamoto M, et al., Simultaneous middle and upper atmosphere radar and ionospheric sounder observations of midlatitude E region irregularities and sporadic E layer, J. Geophys. Res. 107, SIA 3-1-SIA 3-13 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA900176
- Ogawa T, Yamamoto M, Fukao S, Middle and upper atmosphere radar observations of turbulence and movement of midlatitude sporadic E irregularities, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 12173-12188 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1029/95JA00261
- Otsuka Y, Onoma F, Shiokawa K, Ogawa T, Yamamoto M, et al., Simultaneous observations of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances and E region field-aligned irregularities at midlatitude, J. Geophys. Res. 112, A06317 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011548
- Patra AK, Rao PB, High-resolution radar measurements of turbulent structure in the low-latitude E region, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 24667-24673, (1999). http://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA900303
- Patra AK, Venkateswara Rao N, Phanikumar DV, Chandra H, Das U, et al., A study on the low-latitude daytime E region plasma irregularities using coordinated VHF radar, rocket-borne, and ionosonde observations, J. Geophys. Res. 114, A11301 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014501
- Phanikumar DV, Patra AK, Devasia CV, Yellaiah G, Seasonal variation of low-latitude E-region plasma irregularities studied using Gadanki radar and ionosonde, Ann. Geophys. 26, 1865-1876 (2008). https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-1865-2008
- Phanikumar DV, Patra AK, Kwak YS, Kim KH, Yellaiah G, Low latitude E-region irregularities studied using Gadanki radar, ionosonde and in situ measured electron density, Astrophys. Space Sci. 323, 225-233 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-009-0066-y
- Saito S, Yamamoto M, Fukao S, Marumoto M, Tsunoda RT, Radar observations of field-aligned plasma irregularities in the SEEK-2 campaign, Ann. Geophys. 23, 2307-2318 (2005). https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2307-2005
- Tsunoda RT, Fukao S, Yamamoto M, On the origin of quasiperiodic radar backscatter from midlatitude sporadic E, Radio Sci. 29, 349-365 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1029/93RS01511
- Tsunoda RT, Fukao S, Yamamoto M, Hamasaki T, First 24.5-MHz radar measurements of quasi-periodic backscatter from field-aligned irregularities in midlatitude sporadic E, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1765-1768 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01086
- Whitehead JD, Recent work on mid-latitude and equatorial sporadic-E, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 51, 401-424 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(89)90122-0
- Woodman RF, Yamamoto M, Fukao S, Gravity wave modulation of gradient drift instabilities in mid-latitude sporadic E irregularities, Geophys. Res. Lett. 18, 1197-1200 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL01159
- Yamamoto M, Fukao S, Ogawa T, Tsuda T, Kato S, A morphological study on mid-latitude E-region field-aligned irregularities observed with the MU radar, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 54, 769-777 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(92)90115-2
- Yamamoto M, Fukao S, Tsunoda RT, Pfaff RF, Hayakawa H, SEEK-2 (Sporadic-E Experiment over Kyushu 2)-project outline, and significance, Ann. Geophys. 23, 2295-2305 (2005). https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2295-2005
- Yamamoto M, Fukao S, Woodman RF, Ogawa T, Tsuda T, et al., Mid-latitude E region field-aligned irregularities observed with the MU radar, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 15943-15949 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1029/91JA01321
- Yamamoto M, Itsuki T, Kishimoto T, Tsunoda RT, Pfaff RF, et al., Comparison of E-region electric fields observed with a sounding rocket and a Doppler radar in the SEEK campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1773-1776 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01055
- Yamamoto M, Komoda N, Fukao S, Tsunoda RT, Ogawa T, et al., Spatial structure of the E region field-aligned irregularities revealed by the MU radar, Radio Sci. 29, 337-347 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1029/93RS01846
- Yang TY, Kwak YS, Kil H, Lee YS, Lee WK, et al., Occurrence climatology of F region field-aligned irregularities in middle latitudes as observed by a 40.8 MHz coherent scatter radar in Daejeon, South Korea, J. Geophys. Res. 120, 10107-10115 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021885